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Prices, substitution, saturation, and policy matter.","person_ids":["person-local-williamstanleyjevons"],"related_concepts":[{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"}],"source_scope":"Provenance and scope retained from verified principles packet","sources":[{"title":"The Coal Question, chapter VII: Of the Economy of Fuel","url":"https://www.econlib.org/library/YPDBooks/Jevons/jvnCQ.html?chapter_num=9"},{"title":"The Coal Question (1865), chapter VII","url":"https://www.inist.org/Library/1865.Jevons.The_Coal_Question.Macmillan.pdf"},{"title":"IEA: conditional rebound and AI energy demand","url":"https://www.iea.org/reports/key-questions-on-energy-and-ai/executive-summary"}],"work_ids":["work-1ded429630d0"]},{"aliases":["Amdahl's law"],"attribution":[{"people":["Gene M. 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It does not remove serial bottlenecks or communication costs.","person_ids":[],"related_concepts":[{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"related_to","target_id":"concept-law-amdahl"},{"relation":"context_topic"}],"source_scope":"Provenance and scope retained from verified principles packet","sources":[{"title":"Reevaluating Amdahl’s Law","url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/42411.42415"}],"work_ids":[]},{"aliases":["Dennard scaling"],"attribution":[{"people":["Robert H. Dennard, Fritz H. Gaensslen, Hwa-Nien Yu, V. Leo Rideout, Ernest Bassous, André R. 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It is not a guarantee for modern process nodes.","person_ids":[],"related_concepts":[{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"related_to","target_id":"concept-law-moore"}],"source_scope":"Provenance and scope retained from verified principles packet","sources":[{"title":"Design of Ion-Implanted MOSFET’s with Very Small Physical Dimensions","url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSSC.1974.1050511"}],"work_ids":["work-coverage-846bce80b0c6e6"]},{"aliases":["Rock's law / Moore's second law","Rock’s Law","Moore’s Second Law","Moore's Second Law"],"attribution":[{"people":["Arthur Rock attribution; Gordon E. Moore discussed rising manufacturing capital costs"],"person_ids":[],"source_url":"https://www.lithoguru.com/scientist/CHE323/Moore1995.pdf","year":1995}],"collection":"principles","concept_type":"Heuristic","definition":"A historical rule of thumb that leading-edge semiconductor manufacturing equipment or fab costs roughly double every four years.","family_ids":[],"id":"concept-law-rock","label":"Rock’s law / Moore’s second law","lens_tags":["technical"],"limitations":"Sources vary between tool costs and complete fab costs; the fixed doubling period is not a validated universal forecast. Cost per transistor and fab capacity are different quantities.","person_ids":[],"related_concepts":[{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"}],"source_scope":"Provenance and scope retained from verified principles packet","sources":[{"title":"Lithography and the Future of Moore’s Law","url":"https://www.lithoguru.com/scientist/CHE323/Moore1995.pdf"}],"work_ids":[]},{"aliases":["Wright's law"],"attribution":[{"people":["Theodore P. Wright"],"person_ids":[],"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.2514/8.155","year":1936}],"collection":"principles","concept_type":"Empirical regularity","definition":"Unit production cost often falls by a roughly constant percentage with each doubling of cumulative output: cost is modeled as a power law of cumulative production.","family_ids":[],"id":"concept-law-wright","label":"Wright’s law","lens_tags":["technical"],"limitations":"Learning rates vary across products and periods. Cumulative production correlates with other changes, so a fitted experience curve alone does not identify a causal learning mechanism.","person_ids":[],"related_concepts":[{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"}],"source_scope":"Provenance and scope retained from verified principles packet","sources":[{"title":"Factors Affecting the Cost of Airplanes","url":"https://doi.org/10.2514/8.155"}],"work_ids":[]},{"aliases":["Metcalfe's law"],"attribution":[{"people":["Robert Metcalfe; name popularized by George Gilder"],"person_ids":[],"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MC.2013.374","year":2013}],"collection":"principles","concept_type":"Conditional model","definition":"A network-value model proportional to the number of potential pairwise links, n(n-1)/2, often summarized as value proportional to n².","family_ids":[],"id":"concept-law-metcalfe","label":"Metcalfe’s law","lens_tags":["technical"],"limitations":"Counting possible links is mathematical; translating them into financial value assumes useful, active, economically valuable connections. Unequal users, congestion, costs, and monetization can invalidate the valuation.","person_ids":[],"related_concepts":[{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"}],"source_scope":"Provenance and scope retained from verified principles packet","sources":[{"title":"Metcalfe’s Law after 40 Years of Ethernet","url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MC.2013.374"}],"work_ids":[]},{"aliases":["Reed's law"],"attribution":[{"people":["David P. Reed"],"person_ids":[],"source_url":"https://www.deepplum.com/dpr/locus/gfn/reedslaw.html","year":1999}],"collection":"principles","concept_type":"Conditional model","definition":"A group-forming network of n people permits 2^n - n - 1 distinct groups with at least two members; Reed proposed that this combinatorial potential can create unusually strong network value.","family_ids":[],"id":"concept-law-reed","label":"Reed’s law","lens_tags":["technical"],"limitations":"The subset count is exact, but most potential groups never form and cannot all carry equal independent value. Exponential group counts do not establish exponential revenue.","person_ids":[],"related_concepts":[{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"}],"source_scope":"Provenance and scope retained from verified principles packet","sources":[{"title":"That Sneaky Exponential: Beyond Metcalfe’s Law to the Power of Community Building","url":"https://www.deepplum.com/dpr/locus/gfn/reedslaw.html"}],"work_ids":[]},{"aliases":["Sarnoff's law"],"attribution":[{"people":["Named for David Sarnoff; analyzed by Peter Swann"],"person_ids":[],"source_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167624502000513","year":2002}],"collection":"principles","concept_type":"Conditional model","definition":"A broadcast-network valuation heuristic in which value grows approximately in proportion to audience size, holding value per audience member fixed.","family_ids":[],"id":"concept-law-sarnoff","label":"Sarnoff’s law","lens_tags":["technical"],"limitations":"The name is conventional; a definitive original statement by Sarnoff was not established. Audience attention, advertising prices, engagement, and delivery costs need not stay constant.","person_ids":[],"related_concepts":[{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"}],"source_scope":"Provenance and scope retained from verified principles packet","sources":[{"title":"The Functional Form of Network Effects","url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167624502000513"}],"work_ids":[]},{"aliases":["Bell's law of computer classes"],"attribution":[{"people":["C. Gordon Bell"],"person_ids":[],"source_url":"https://gordonbell.azurewebsites.net/cacm%20bell%27s%20law%20vol%2051.%202008-january.pdf","year":2008}],"collection":"principles","concept_type":"Empirical regularity","definition":"Falling component costs and new technologies repeatedly enable new, lower-priced classes of computers, roughly on decadal timescales, with distinct uses and markets.","family_ids":[],"id":"concept-law-bell","label":"Bell’s law of computer classes","lens_tags":["technical"],"limitations":"A historical pattern and explanatory framework, not a fixed timetable or proof that every new device category becomes a durable market.","person_ids":[],"related_concepts":[{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"}],"source_scope":"Provenance and scope retained from verified principles packet","sources":[{"title":"Bell’s Law for the Birth and Death of Computer Classes","url":"https://gordonbell.azurewebsites.net/cacm%20bell%27s%20law%20vol%2051.%202008-january.pdf"}],"work_ids":[]},{"aliases":["Wirth's law"],"attribution":[{"people":["Niklaus Wirth, crediting a related formulation to Martin Reiser"],"person_ids":[],"source_url":"https://cr.yp.to/bib/1995/wirth.pdf","year":1995}],"collection":"principles","concept_type":"Aphorism","definition":"Software demands and bloat can consume hardware improvements so quickly that users experience slower software despite faster machines.","family_ids":[],"id":"concept-law-wirth","label":"Wirth’s law","lens_tags":["technical"],"limitations":"A critique of software growth, not a measured universal rate. New functionality, security, accessibility, and optimization can change the trade-off.","person_ids":[],"related_concepts":[{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"related_to","target_id":"concept-law-jevons"},{"relation":"context_topic"}],"source_scope":"Provenance and scope retained from verified principles packet","sources":[{"title":"A Plea for Lean Software","url":"https://cr.yp.to/bib/1995/wirth.pdf"}],"work_ids":[]},{"aliases":["Grosch's law"],"attribution":[{"people":["Herbert R. Grosch; retrospective account of his 1950s observation"],"person_ids":[],"source_url":"https://www.columbia.edu/cu/computinghistory/computer.html","year":1991}],"collection":"principles","concept_type":"Empirical regularity","definition":"A historical computer-economics model in which performance grows approximately as the square of cost, implying economies of scale for larger machines.","family_ids":[],"id":"concept-law-grosch","label":"Grosch’s law","lens_tags":["technical"],"limitations":"Derived from particular early computing cost and speed comparisons. It is not a reliable universal pricing rule for modern processors, cloud instances, or distributed systems.","person_ids":[],"related_concepts":[{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"}],"source_scope":"Provenance and scope retained from verified principles packet","sources":[{"title":"Computer: Bit Slices of a Life","url":"https://www.columbia.edu/cu/computinghistory/computer.html"}],"work_ids":[]},{"aliases":["Brooks's law"],"attribution":[{"people":["Frederick P. Brooks Jr."],"person_ids":[],"source_url":"https://www.pearson.com/en-gb/subject-catalog/p/mythical-man-month-the-essays-on-software-engineering-anniversary-edition/P200000000149/9780132119160","year":1975}],"collection":"principles","concept_type":"Heuristic","definition":"Adding staff to an already late software project can delay it further when onboarding, coordination, and repartitioning consume more time than new staff save.","family_ids":[],"id":"concept-law-brooks","label":"Brooks’s law","lens_tags":["technical"],"limitations":"Brooks called the slogan an oversimplification. 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Conway"],"person_ids":[],"source_url":"https://www.melconway.com/Home/Conways_Law.html","year":1968}],"collection":"principles","concept_type":"Heuristic","definition":"Organizations designing systems tend to produce architectures that reflect their own communication structures.","family_ids":[],"id":"concept-law-conway","label":"Conway’s law","lens_tags":["technical"],"limitations":"A socio-technical tendency, not a one-to-one deterministic mapping. Deliberate team design and architectural governance can change the relationship.","person_ids":[],"related_concepts":[{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"}],"source_scope":"Provenance and scope retained from verified principles packet","sources":[{"title":"How Do Committees Invent?","url":"https://www.melconway.com/Home/Conways_Law.html"}],"work_ids":[]},{"aliases":["Goodhart's law"],"attribution":[{"people":["Charles A. E. 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Lucas Jr."],"person_ids":[],"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-2231(76)80003-6","year":1976}],"collection":"principles","concept_type":"Conditional model","definition":"Policy changes can alter expectations and decision rules, so relationships estimated under an old policy regime need not remain valid for evaluating a new one.","family_ids":[],"id":"concept-law-lucas-critique","label":"Lucas critique","lens_tags":["technical"],"limitations":"Does not prove policy is ineffective or all forecasting impossible. It calls for defensible structural assumptions and attention to regime-dependent behavior.","person_ids":[],"related_concepts":[{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"related_to","target_id":"concept-tech-CausalInference"},{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"}],"source_scope":"Provenance and scope retained from verified principles packet","sources":[{"title":"Econometric Policy Evaluation: A Critique","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-2231(76)80003-6"}],"work_ids":[]},{"aliases":["Moravec's paradox"],"attribution":[{"people":["Hans Moravec; related observations by Rodney Brooks and Marvin Minsky"],"person_ids":[],"source_url":"https://publications.ri.cmu.edu/mind-children-the-future-of-robot-and-human-intelligence","year":1988}],"collection":"principles","concept_type":"Empirical regularity","definition":"Skills that humans find effortless, such as perception and sensorimotor control, can be harder to automate than explicit symbolic tasks humans find intellectually demanding.","family_ids":["moravec"],"id":"concept-law-moravec","label":"Moravec’s paradox","lens_tags":["cultural","dreamers"],"limitations":"A historical comparison of task difficulty, not a permanent ranking. 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Data quality, architecture, optimization, and inference-cost objectives change the optimum.","person_ids":[],"related_concepts":[{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"related_to","target_id":"concept-law-kaplan"}],"source_scope":"Provenance and scope retained from verified principles packet","sources":[{"title":"Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2203.15556"}],"work_ids":["work-b3b7f3344efb"]},{"aliases":["Kaplan scaling laws"],"attribution":[{"people":["Jared Kaplan and coauthors"],"person_ids":[],"source_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2001.08361","year":2020}],"collection":"principles","concept_type":"Empirical regularity","definition":"Empirical power-law relationships connect language-model cross-entropy loss with parameter count, dataset size, and training compute across the regimes studied.","family_ids":["scaling"],"id":"concept-law-kaplan","label":"Kaplan scaling laws","lens_tags":["technical"],"limitations":"Fitted exponents and compute-allocation prescriptions depend on experimental methods and regime. Loss scaling does not guarantee identical scaling in reasoning, reliability, or economic usefulness.","person_ids":[],"related_concepts":[{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"related_to","target_id":"concept-law-chinchilla"}],"source_scope":"Provenance and scope retained from verified principles packet","sources":[{"title":"Scaling Laws for Neural Language Models","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2001.08361"}],"work_ids":["work-b843df7e2c2d"]},{"aliases":["Landauer's principle"],"attribution":[{"people":["Rolf Landauer"],"person_ids":[],"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1147/RD.53.0183","year":1961}],"collection":"principles","concept_type":"Physical principle","definition":"Resetting an unknown unbiased bit irreversibly to a standard value in a cyclic isothermal process at temperature T requires at least k_B T ln(2) of dissipated heat in the ideal limit.","family_ids":[],"id":"concept-law-landauer","label":"Landauer’s principle","lens_tags":["technical"],"limitations":"The standard bound concerns information erasure under specified thermodynamic conditions, not every logical operation. Biased or correlated information and reversible computing need more careful accounting.","person_ids":[],"related_concepts":[{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"}],"source_scope":"Provenance and scope retained from verified principles packet","sources":[{"title":"Irreversibility and Heat Generation in the Computing Process","url":"https://doi.org/10.1147/RD.53.0183"}],"work_ids":[]},{"aliases":["Bremermann's limit"],"attribution":[{"people":["Hans-Joachim Bremermann"],"person_ids":[],"source_url":"https://holtz.org/Library/Natural%20Science/Physics/Optimization%20Through%20Evolution%20and%20Recombination%20-%20Bremermann%201962.htm","year":1962}],"collection":"principles","concept_type":"Conditional model","definition":"A proposed quantum-physical upper bound relates a system’s maximum information-processing rate to its available mass-energy, commonly written on the order of mc²/h.","family_ids":[],"id":"concept-law-bremermann","label":"Bremermann’s limit","lens_tags":["technical"],"limitations":"Bremermann explicitly presented a conjecture. 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Hartley"],"person_ids":[],"source_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/j.1538-7305.1948.tb00917.x","year":1948}],"collection":"principles","concept_type":"Theorem","definition":"For a band-limited additive white Gaussian noise channel with average signal power S, noise power N, and bandwidth B, capacity is C = B log2(1 + S/N) bits per second.","family_ids":[],"id":"concept-law-shannon-hartley","label":"Shannon–Hartley theorem","lens_tags":["technical"],"limitations":"An asymptotic coding limit for the stated channel model, not a guarantee of finite-blocklength throughput or a formula for arbitrary noise and channels.","person_ids":[],"related_concepts":[{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"}],"source_scope":"Provenance and scope retained from verified principles packet","sources":[{"title":"A Mathematical Theory of Communication, part II","url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/j.1538-7305.1948.tb00917.x"}],"work_ids":[]},{"aliases":["Ashby's law of requisite variety"],"attribution":[{"people":["W. Ross Ashby"],"person_ids":["person-wrossashby"],"source_url":"https://ashby.info/Ashby-Introduction-to-Cybernetics.pdf","year":1956}],"collection":"principles","concept_type":"Theorem","definition":"A regulator can suppress only as much disturbance variety as its effective repertoire and information allow; adequate control requires enough relevant responses to distinguish and counter disturbances.","family_ids":["ashby"],"id":"concept-law-ashby","label":"Ashby’s law of requisite variety","lens_tags":["technical"],"limitations":"The formal result depends on specified disturbance, regulator, and outcome sets. Saying an organization must be “as complex as its environment” is only an analogy, not the precise theorem.","person_ids":["person-wrossashby"],"related_concepts":[{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"}],"source_scope":"Provenance and scope retained from verified principles packet","sources":[{"title":"An Introduction to Cybernetics, chapter 11","url":"https://ashby.info/Ashby-Introduction-to-Cybernetics.pdf"}],"work_ids":[]},{"aliases":["Gall's law"],"attribution":[{"people":["John Gall"],"person_ids":[],"source_url":"https://books.google.com/books/about/General_Systemantics.html?id=6FgeAAAAMAAJ","year":1975}],"collection":"principles","concept_type":"Heuristic","definition":"A design heuristic that dependable complex systems are more likely to grow through iteration from simpler working systems than to succeed fully formed from an ambitious first design.","family_ids":[],"id":"concept-law-gall","label":"Gall’s law","lens_tags":["technical"],"limitations":"An experience-based warning in a satirical systems treatise, not a proof that all successful systems have this history or that radical redesign must fail.","person_ids":[],"related_concepts":[{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"}],"source_scope":"Provenance and scope retained from verified principles packet","sources":[{"title":"General Systemantics","url":"https://books.google.com/books/about/General_Systemantics.html?id=6FgeAAAAMAAJ"}],"work_ids":[]},{"aliases":["Tesler's law of conservation of complexity"],"attribution":[{"people":["Larry Tesler"],"person_ids":[],"source_url":"https://www.nomodes.com/larry-tesler-consulting/complexity-law","year":1984}],"collection":"principles","concept_type":"Heuristic","definition":"A product has some inherent task complexity; simplifying the user’s experience often shifts that work to the application or platform rather than eliminating it.","family_ids":[],"id":"concept-law-tesler","label":"Tesler’s law of conservation of complexity","lens_tags":["technical"],"limitations":"Complexity has no universally conserved numerical quantity here. Better abstractions, changed requirements, or removing unnecessary tasks can reduce total complexity.","person_ids":[],"related_concepts":[{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"}],"source_scope":"Provenance and scope retained from verified principles packet","sources":[{"title":"The Law of Conservation of Complexity","url":"https://www.nomodes.com/larry-tesler-consulting/complexity-law"}],"work_ids":[]},{"aliases":["Postel's robustness principle"],"attribution":[{"people":["Jon Postel"],"person_ids":["person-jonpostel"],"source_url":"https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc793","year":1981}],"collection":"principles","concept_type":"Heuristic","definition":"A protocol-design guideline to emit well-formed messages while accommodating reasonable variation in messages received.","family_ids":[],"id":"concept-law-postel","label":"Postel’s robustness principle","lens_tags":["technical"],"limitations":"Liberal acceptance can create ambiguity, security flaws, and interoperability debt. It does not justify accepting malicious input or bypassing validation; modern protocols often favor explicit errors and strict formats.","person_ids":["person-jonpostel"],"related_concepts":[{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"}],"source_scope":"Provenance and scope retained from verified principles packet","sources":[{"title":"Transmission Control Protocol, RFC 793, section 2.10","url":"https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc793"}],"work_ids":[]},{"aliases":["Hyrum's law"],"attribution":[{"people":["Hyrum Wright; documented by Titus Winters, Tom Manshreck, and Hyrum Wright"],"person_ids":[],"source_url":"https://abseil.io/resources/swe-book/html/ch01.html","year":2020}],"collection":"principles","concept_type":"Heuristic","definition":"With enough users, undocumented but observable system behavior tends to acquire dependents, making apparently internal changes capable of breaking clients.","family_ids":[],"id":"concept-law-hyrum","label":"Hyrum’s law","lens_tags":["technical"],"limitations":"A practical large-system tendency rather than a literal proof that every behavior has a dependent. Versioning, encapsulation, testing, and deprecation policies can mitigate it.","person_ids":[],"related_concepts":[{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"}],"source_scope":"Provenance and scope retained from verified principles packet","sources":[{"title":"Software Engineering at Google, chapter 1","url":"https://abseil.io/resources/swe-book/html/ch01.html"}],"work_ids":[]},{"aliases":["Linus's law"],"attribution":[{"people":["Eric S. Raymond, naming the principle after Linus Torvalds"],"person_ids":[],"source_url":"https://www.catb.org/~esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/cathedral-bazaar/ar01s04.html","year":1997}],"collection":"principles","concept_type":"Heuristic","definition":"Raymond’s open-source development heuristic: sufficiently broad and capable peer review can make defects easier to discover and diagnose.","family_ids":[],"id":"concept-law-linus","label":"Linus’s law","lens_tags":["technical"],"limitations":"Public source code alone does not guarantee review, security, or fixes. Expertise, incentives, diversity, testing, and sustained maintenance determine whether additional reviewers help.","person_ids":[],"related_concepts":[{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"}],"source_scope":"Provenance and scope retained from verified principles packet","sources":[{"title":"The Cathedral and the Bazaar","url":"https://www.catb.org/~esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/cathedral-bazaar/ar01s04.html"}],"work_ids":[]},{"aliases":["Braess's paradox"],"attribution":[{"people":["Dietrich Braess; translation by Anna Nagurney and Tina Wakolbinger"],"person_ids":[],"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.1050.0127","year":1968}],"collection":"principles","concept_type":"Theorem","definition":"In some congested networks with selfish routing, adding a link can worsen equilibrium travel times, even though it expands the feasible set of routes.","family_ids":[],"id":"concept-law-braess","label":"Braess’s paradox","lens_tags":["technical"],"limitations":"An existence result under particular network and behavioral conditions, not a claim that new capacity generally hurts. System-optimal routing and pricing can remove the inefficiency.","person_ids":[],"related_concepts":[{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"}],"source_scope":"Provenance and scope retained from verified principles packet","sources":[{"title":"On a Paradox of Traffic Planning; English translation of the 1968 paper","url":"https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.1050.0127"}],"work_ids":[]},{"aliases":["Amara's Law"],"attribution":[{"people":["Roy Amara (attributed); institutional account by Institute for the Future"],"person_ids":[],"source_url":"https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/urgent-futures-likely-reshape-next-decade-institute-for-the-future-kdj7c","year":2025}],"collection":"principles","concept_type":"Aphorism","definition":"People tend to overestimate a technology’s near-term effects while underestimating its longer-term effects.","family_ids":[],"id":"concept-law-amara","label":"Amara’s Law","lens_tags":["technical"],"limitations":"A forecasting caution, not a measured universal law or a promise that a disappointing technology will eventually succeed. Time horizons and effects must be specified, and failures, costs, adoption constraints, and alternative trajectories remain possible.","person_ids":[],"related_concepts":[{"relation":"related_to","target_id":"concept-law-martec"},{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"}],"source_scope":"Provenance and scope retained from verified principles packet","sources":[{"title":"IFTF Newsletter #15: Urgent Futures Likely to Reshape the Next Decade","url":"https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/urgent-futures-likely-reshape-next-decade-institute-for-the-future-kdj7c"}],"work_ids":[]},{"aliases":["Martec's Law"],"attribution":[{"people":["Scott Brinker"],"person_ids":[],"source_url":"https://chiefmartec.com/2013/06/martecs-law-technology-changes-exponentially-organizations-change-logarithmically/","year":2013}],"collection":"principles","concept_type":"Heuristic","definition":"A technology-management heuristic: technological possibilities can change much faster than organizations can absorb them, so organizations must choose which changes to adopt.","family_ids":[],"id":"concept-law-martec","label":"Martec’s Law","lens_tags":["technical"],"limitations":"The curve shapes are illustrative, not established universal growth functions. Neither technology nor organizational change has a single agreed quantity or fixed rate; some organizations adapt quickly and some technologies stagnate.","person_ids":[],"related_concepts":[{"relation":"related_to","target_id":"concept-law-amara"},{"relation":"related_to","target_id":"concept-law-moore"},{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"}],"source_scope":"Provenance and scope retained from verified principles packet","sources":[{"title":"Martec’s Law: Technology changes exponentially, organizations change logarithmically","url":"https://chiefmartec.com/2013/06/martecs-law-technology-changes-exponentially-organizations-change-logarithmically/"}],"work_ids":[]},{"aliases":["Lindy Effect"],"attribution":[{"people":["Nassim Nicholas Taleb"],"person_ids":[],"source_url":"https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/176227/antifragile-by-nassim-nicholas-taleb/hardcover/","year":2012}],"collection":"principles","concept_type":"Conditional model","definition":"For some classes of surviving ideas, books, or technologies, greater current age is associated with a longer expected remaining lifetime. A stronger version makes remaining life proportional to age.","family_ids":[],"id":"concept-law-lindy","label":"Lindy Effect","lens_tags":["technical"],"limitations":"It requires a suitable survival distribution or uncertainty about survival rates; it does not hold for every category. Proportional remaining life is stronger than a merely increasing tendency. Survival establishes neither truth nor quality, and aging physical items often behave differently.","person_ids":[],"related_concepts":[{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"}],"source_scope":"Provenance and scope retained from verified principles packet","sources":[{"title":"Antifragile: Things That Gain from Disorder","url":"https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/176227/antifragile-by-nassim-nicholas-taleb/hardcover/"}],"work_ids":[]},{"aliases":["Zipf's Law"],"attribution":[{"people":["George Kingsley Zipf"],"person_ids":[],"source_url":"https://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/book/lookupid?key=olbp77182","year":1949}],"collection":"principles","concept_type":"Empirical regularity","definition":"In many ranked frequency datasets, especially word counts, the frequency of an item is approximately inversely proportional to its rank; the familiar form is frequency proportional to 1/rank.","family_ids":[],"id":"concept-law-zipf","label":"Zipf’s Law","lens_tags":["technical"],"limitations":"An approximate pattern over a specified range, not a universal distribution. Exponents, cutoffs, sampling, and definitions of items vary. A straight-looking log–log plot alone does not establish a power law or a causal explanation.","person_ids":[],"related_concepts":[{"relation":"related_to","target_id":"concept-law-pareto"},{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"related_to","target_id":"concept-law-gibrat"},{"relation":"context_topic"}],"source_scope":"Provenance and scope retained from verified principles packet","sources":[{"title":"Human Behavior and the Principle of Least Effort: An Introduction to Human Ecology","url":"https://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/book/lookupid?key=olbp77182"}],"work_ids":[]},{"aliases":["Hebb's Postulate"],"attribution":[{"people":["Donald O. Hebb"],"person_ids":["person-donaldhebb"],"source_url":"https://www.routledge.com/The-Organization-of-Behavior-A-Neuropsychological-Theory/Hebb/p/book/9780415654531","year":1949}],"collection":"principles","concept_type":"Conditional model","definition":"When one neuron repeatedly contributes to another neuron’s firing, changes in their connection can increase the first neuron’s effectiveness at exciting the second. This is a foundational model of activity-dependent learning.","family_ids":[],"id":"concept-law-hebb","label":"Hebb’s Postulate","lens_tags":["technical"],"limitations":"Not a universal law governing every synapse. Timing, firing patterns, cell type, neuromodulators, and other plasticity mechanisms matter. Mere simultaneous activity is not identical to one cell helping cause another to fire; strengthening alone also needs stabilizing mechanisms.","person_ids":["person-donaldhebb"],"related_concepts":[{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"}],"source_scope":"Provenance and scope retained from verified principles packet","sources":[{"title":"The Organization of Behavior: A Neuropsychological Theory","url":"https://www.routledge.com/The-Organization-of-Behavior-A-Neuropsychological-Theory/Hebb/p/book/9780415654531"}],"work_ids":[]},{"aliases":["Pareto Principle"],"attribution":[{"people":["Joseph M. Juran"],"person_ids":["person-josephmjuran"],"source_url":"https://www.juran.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/The-Non-Pareto-Principle-1974.pdf","year":1974}],"collection":"principles","concept_type":"Heuristic","definition":"A relatively small share of contributors often accounts for a large share of an outcome. The familiar 80/20 split is a useful illustration of concentration, rather than a required ratio.","family_ids":[],"id":"concept-law-pareto","label":"Pareto Principle","lens_tags":["technical"],"limitations":"Measure the actual concentration instead of assuming 80/20. A skewed distribution does not prove causation, identify which intervention works, or mean the remaining contributors are dispensable. The heuristic is distinct from a formally specified Pareto distribution.","person_ids":["person-josephmjuran"],"related_concepts":[{"relation":"related_to","target_id":"concept-law-zipf"},{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"}],"source_scope":"Provenance and scope retained from verified principles packet","sources":[{"title":"The Non-Pareto Principle; Mea Culpa","url":"https://www.juran.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/The-Non-Pareto-Principle-1974.pdf"}],"work_ids":[]},{"aliases":["Price's Square-Root Law"],"attribution":[{"people":["Derek J. de Solla Price"],"person_ids":[],"source_url":"https://books.google.com/books/about/Little_Science_Big_Science.html?id=MWQPAQAAMAAJ","year":1963}],"collection":"principles","concept_type":"Empirical regularity","definition":"A bibliometric hypothesis that roughly the square root of the authors in a research population account for about half its publications over a defined period.","family_ids":[],"id":"concept-law-price","label":"Price’s Square-Root Law","lens_tags":["technical"],"limitations":"A rough proposed regularity, not a theorem. Results depend on field, time window, coauthorship credit, and population boundaries, and empirical datasets need not fit. Publication counts are not identical to quality, value, or individual contribution.","person_ids":[],"related_concepts":[{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"related_to","target_id":"concept-law-pareto"},{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"}],"source_scope":"Provenance and scope retained from verified principles packet","sources":[{"title":"Little Science, Big Science","url":"https://books.google.com/books/about/Little_Science_Big_Science.html?id=MWQPAQAAMAAJ"}],"work_ids":[]},{"aliases":["Fitts's Law"],"attribution":[{"people":["Paul M. Fitts"],"person_ids":[],"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037/h0055392","year":1954}],"collection":"principles","concept_type":"Empirical regularity","definition":"In aimed movements, average target-acquisition time commonly rises approximately logarithmically with movement distance relative to target width, expressing a speed–accuracy tradeoff.","family_ids":[],"id":"concept-law-fitts","label":"Fitts’s Law","lens_tags":["technical"],"limitations":"Predicts movement time under suitable task conditions, not total task time or all usability. Parameters depend on user, device, posture, and task; effective target width and error rates matter. Do not extrapolate fitted models beyond tested conditions.","person_ids":[],"related_concepts":[{"relation":"related_to","target_id":"concept-law-hick"},{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"}],"source_scope":"Provenance and scope retained from verified principles packet","sources":[{"title":"The information capacity of the human motor system in controlling the amplitude of movement","url":"https://doi.org/10.1037/h0055392"}],"work_ids":[]},{"aliases":["Hick–Hyman Law"],"attribution":[{"people":["W. E. Hick"],"person_ids":[],"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17470215208416600","year":1952}],"collection":"principles","concept_type":"Empirical regularity","definition":"In suitable choice-reaction tasks, average response time increases approximately linearly with the information uncertainty of the alternatives, often logarithmically with the number of equally likely choices.","family_ids":[],"id":"concept-law-hick","label":"Hick–Hyman Law","lens_tags":["technical"],"limitations":"Primarily a model of practiced stimulus–response choice, not every complex decision. Familiarity, unequal probabilities, response compatibility, search strategy, errors, and semantic grouping can alter results. Reducing options does not automatically improve an interface or decision.","person_ids":[],"related_concepts":[{"relation":"related_to","target_id":"concept-law-fitts"},{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"}],"source_scope":"Provenance and scope retained from verified principles packet","sources":[{"title":"On the Rate of Gain of Information","url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17470215208416600"}],"work_ids":[]},{"aliases":["Hofstadter's Law"],"attribution":[{"people":["Douglas R. Hofstadter"],"person_ids":["person-coverage-56c6916e134c0f"],"source_url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=3yZgQgAACAAJ","year":1979}],"collection":"principles","concept_type":"Aphorism","definition":"A self-referential warning that tasks tend to take longer than expected, even when the estimate already attempts to account for that tendency.","family_ids":[],"id":"concept-law-hofstadter","label":"Hofstadter’s Law","lens_tags":["cultural"],"limitations":"Humorous caution, not a proof that every estimate must fail. Reference-class data, decomposition, uncertainty ranges, and feedback can improve forecasts; the aphorism supplies no quantitative correction factor.","person_ids":["person-coverage-56c6916e134c0f"],"related_concepts":[{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"related_to","target_id":"concept-law-parkinson"},{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"}],"source_scope":"Provenance and scope retained from verified principles packet","sources":[{"title":"Gödel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid","url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=3yZgQgAACAAJ"}],"work_ids":["work-coverage-ca0089ddffe36e"]},{"aliases":["Parkinson's Law"],"attribution":[{"people":["C. Northcote Parkinson"],"person_ids":[],"source_url":"https://www.economist.com/node/14116121","year":1955}],"collection":"principles","concept_type":"Aphorism","definition":"Work can expand to consume the time allocated to it, through elaboration, delay, or growing administrative activity.","family_ids":[],"id":"concept-law-parkinson","label":"Parkinson’s Law","lens_tags":["technical"],"limitations":"A satirical organizational observation, not a universal time equation. A shorter deadline can also reduce quality, conceal unfinished work, or make completion impossible. Do not confuse it with Parkinson’s separate law of triviality.","person_ids":[],"related_concepts":[{"relation":"related_to","target_id":"concept-law-hofstadter"},{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"}],"source_scope":"Provenance and scope retained from verified principles packet","sources":[{"title":"Parkinson’s Law","url":"https://www.economist.com/node/14116121"}],"work_ids":[]},{"aliases":["Sayre's Law"],"attribution":[{"people":["Wallace S. Sayre (attributed); attribution research by Benjamin Zimmer"],"person_ids":[],"source_url":"https://listserv.linguistlist.org/pipermail/ads-l/2005-February/045806.html","year":2005}],"collection":"principles","concept_type":"Aphorism","definition":"A sardonic observation that disputes can become especially intense when their substantive stakes are small, often illustrated by academic politics.","family_ids":[],"id":"concept-law-sayre","label":"Sayre’s Law","lens_tags":["technical"],"limitations":"Not an experimentally established inverse relationship. Apparently small issues can carry real status, identity, livelihood, or fairness stakes. The joke is not evidence that a particular dispute or participant is unimportant.","person_ids":[],"related_concepts":[{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"}],"source_scope":"Provenance and scope retained from verified principles packet","sources":[{"title":"Tenure Quote: documented attribution history of Sayre’s Law","url":"https://listserv.linguistlist.org/pipermail/ads-l/2005-February/045806.html"}],"work_ids":[]},{"aliases":["Littlewood's Law of Miracles"],"attribution":[{"people":["Freeman Dyson, attributing the idea to J. E. 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Independence is unnecessary for the mean count but is needed for the usual binomial probability calculation; real events, dependence, and hindsight selection are difficult to define.","person_ids":[],"related_concepts":[{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"}],"source_scope":"Provenance and scope retained from verified principles packet","sources":[{"title":"One in a Million","url":"https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2004/03/25/one-in-a-million/"}],"work_ids":[]},{"aliases":["Perrow's Normal Accident Theory"],"attribution":[{"people":["Charles Perrow"],"person_ids":["person-coverage-ea1c4806f7d6e9"],"source_url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt7srgf","year":1984}],"collection":"principles","concept_type":"Conditional model","definition":"In systems combining complex interactions with tight coupling, individually manageable failures can interact unexpectedly and propagate too quickly for operators to understand or contain them.","family_ids":[],"id":"concept-law-perrow-normal-accidents","label":"Perrow’s Normal Accident Theory","lens_tags":["technical"],"limitations":"A sociological theory of systemic vulnerability, not a mathematical proof that every complex system must suffer a catastrophe on a specified schedule. System boundaries, coupling, safeguards, organizational practice, and redesign affect risk; high-reliability research challenges overly deterministic interpretations.","person_ids":["person-coverage-ea1c4806f7d6e9"],"related_concepts":[{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"}],"source_scope":"Provenance and scope retained from verified principles packet","sources":[{"title":"Normal Accidents: Living with High-Risk Technologies","url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt7srgf"}],"work_ids":[]},{"aliases":["Gibrat's Law"],"attribution":[{"people":["Robert Gibrat"],"person_ids":[],"source_url":"https://books.google.fr/books?hl=fr&id=E6y_GVUNhI8C","year":1931}],"collection":"principles","concept_type":"Conditional model","definition":"The law of proportionate effect assumes that an entity’s proportional growth rate is independent of its current size. Repeated multiplicative growth can generate a lognormal size distribution under additional assumptions.","family_ids":[],"id":"concept-law-gibrat","label":"Gibrat’s Law","lens_tags":["technical"],"limitations":"Size-independent percentage growth is a hypothesis, often violated by small firms, entry, exit, or industry differences. Lognormality needs assumptions about accumulated log-growth increments; Gibrat’s assumption alone does not guarantee Zipf’s law or any single stationary distribution.","person_ids":[],"related_concepts":[{"relation":"related_to","target_id":"concept-law-zipf"},{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"}],"source_scope":"Provenance and scope retained from verified principles packet","sources":[{"title":"Les inégalités économiques","url":"https://books.google.fr/books?hl=fr&id=E6y_GVUNhI8C"}],"work_ids":[]},{"aliases":["Sturgeon's Law"],"attribution":[{"people":["Theodore Sturgeon; biography published by Simon & Schuster"],"person_ids":[],"source_url":"https://www.simonandschuster.com/authors/Theodore-Sturgeon/214666534","year":null}],"collection":"principles","concept_type":"Aphorism","definition":"The quip that most output in any field is mediocre or poor, conventionally expressed as ‘ninety percent of everything is crap.’ It cautions against judging a whole genre by its worst examples.","family_ids":[],"id":"concept-law-sturgeon","label":"Sturgeon’s Law","lens_tags":["technical"],"limitations":"The percentage is rhetorical, not a measured universal constant. Quality depends on criteria, audience, selection, and context. The maxim does not justify dismissing evidence or assuming a fixed proportion of any particular collection is bad.","person_ids":[],"related_concepts":[{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"context_topic"},{"relation":"related_to","target_id":"concept-law-pareto"}],"source_scope":"Provenance and scope retained from verified principles packet","sources":[{"title":"Theodore Sturgeon: official publisher biography","url":"https://www.simonandschuster.com/authors/Theodore-Sturgeon/214666534"}],"work_ids":[]},{"aliases":["Clarke's Third Law"],"attribution":[{"people":["Arthur C. Clarke (with an accompanying Isaac Asimov response)"],"person_ids":[],"source_url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/1722561","year":1968}],"collection":"principles","concept_type":"Aphorism","definition":"Technology sufficiently beyond an observer’s understanding may appear indistinguishable from magic.","family_ids":[],"id":"concept-law-clarke-third","label":"Clarke’s Third Law","lens_tags":["technical"],"limitations":"An observer-relative statement about apparent inexplicability, not a physical law or evidence for supernatural claims. 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Do not silently substitute the authors’ different income-distribution paper.","Select and preserve the cited version/date rather than collapsing draft, conference, online and final-publication dates."],"source_access_basis":"primary_source_indexed_metadata_or_abstract","sources":["https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w28453/w28453.pdf"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"Artificial Intelligence, Globalization, and Strategies for Economic Development","work_id":"work-coverage-3d90b92e56c445"},{"authors":["Daron Acemoglu","Simon Johnson"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"A historical and normative book argument; not a single causal experiment or an inevitable forecast.","checklist_index":9,"claim":"Argues that the distribution of technological gains depends on social choices, institutions and power.","collection":"economic","companion_works":[],"concepts":["power and institutions","shared prosperity","technology governance"],"date":"2023","date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"economic-9","lens":"economic","lens_tags":["economic"],"metadata_notes":[],"source_access_basis":"primary_source_indexed_metadata_or_abstract","sources":["https://www.hachettebookgroup.com/titles/daron-acemoglu/power-and-progress/9781541702554/"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"Power and Progress: Our Thousand-Year Struggle Over Technology and Prosperity","work_id":"work-coverage-40fe9165a6c3a3"},{"authors":["Daron Acemoglu"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Calibrated, assumption-dependent projection; neither a measured future outcome nor a work by Aghion and Calel.","checklist_index":10,"claim":"Uses task exposure and task-level cost savings to bound near-term macroeconomic effects of AI.","collection":"economic","companion_works":[],"concepts":["macroeconomics of AI","productivity","task exposure"],"date":"2024","date_metadata":{},"family_ids":["macro-ai"],"id":"economic-10","lens":"economic","lens_tags":["economic"],"metadata_notes":["Correct supplied attribution Aghion; Calel to Daron Acemoglu. Preserve erroneous supplied form only as input provenance."],"source_access_basis":"parent_verified_primary_source_metadata_and_scoped_correction","sources":["https://www.nber.org/papers/w32487"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"The Simple Macroeconomics of AI","work_id":"work-455ebe846b4f"},{"authors":["Carl Benedikt Frey","Michael A. 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Do not fabricate a single book/article, date or coauthor list; select discrete canonical anchor works. This resolves the supplied Various cluster as a topic, not a fabricated single work. It is not an exhaustive transaction-cost bibliography.","checklist_index":30,"claim":"The requested cluster concerns why firms exist and where market contracting gives way to organizational governance.","collection":"economic","companion_works":[{"author":"Ronald H. Coase","date":"1937","role":"candidate foundational anchor; existing corpus contribution addresses firm boundaries"},{"author":"Oliver E. 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no direct personal or technical influence asserted without a specific source.","checklist_index":44,"claim":"Automation displaces work and social purpose, exposing inequalities of a technically managed society.","collection":"dreamers","companion_works":[],"concepts":["automation","social hierarchy"],"date":1952,"date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"dreamers-44-playerpiano-novel","kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":[""],"sources":["https://www.loa.org/books/366-novels-amp-stories-1950-1962/","https://www.themorgan.org/printed-books/270961"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"Player Piano","topics":[],"work_id":"work-coverage-8eab48911a1681"},{"authors":["Brian Christian"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Editorial thematic connections only; no direct personal or technical influence asserted without a specific source.","checklist_index":45,"claim":"Reports on machine-learning research and the difficulty of translating human values into learned behavior.","collection":"dreamers","companion_works":[],"concepts":["alignment","fairness","human values"],"date":2020,"date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"dreamers-45-thealignmentproblemmachinelearningandhumanvalues-nonfiction","kind":"nonfiction","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["First publication year."],"sources":["https://brianchristian.org/books/"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"The Alignment Problem: Machine Learning and Human Values","topics":[],"work_id":"work-coverage-6ea802fabb7548"},{"authors":["Shoshana Zuboff"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Editorial thematic connections only; no direct personal or technical influence asserted without a specific source.","checklist_index":46,"claim":"Distinguishes automating work from generating new information about it, with implications for skill and power.","collection":"dreamers","companion_works":[],"concepts":["informating","workplace knowledge","power"],"date":1988,"date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"dreamers-46-intheageofthesmartmachinethefutureofworkandpower-nonfiction","kind":"nonfiction","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["First publication year."],"sources":["https://shoshanazuboff.com/book/books/in-the-age-of-the-smart-machine/"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"In the Age of the Smart Machine: The Future of Work and Power","topics":[],"work_id":"work-coverage-a164fdc43293b1"},{"authors":["Sherry Turkle"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Editorial thematic connections only; no direct personal or technical influence asserted without a specific source.","checklist_index":47,"claim":"Examines technologically mediated relationships and attachments to social machines.","collection":"dreamers","companion_works":[],"concepts":["companionship","social technology","human-computer interaction"],"date":2011,"date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"dreamers-47-alonetogetherwhyweexpectmorefromtechnologyandlessf-nonfiction","kind":"nonfiction","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["2011 first edition; current publisher page describes the 2017 edition."],"sources":["https://news.mit.edu/2011/turkle-alone-together-0118","https://www.hachettebookgroup.com/titles/sherry-turkle/alone-together/9780465093656/"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"Alone Together: Why We Expect More from Technology and Less from Each Other","topics":[],"work_id":"work-coverage-90ec462c90d96c"},{"authors":["Alex Garland (writer and director)"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Editorial thematic connections only; no direct personal or technical influence asserted without a specific source.","checklist_index":48,"claim":"An AI evaluation becomes entangled with embodiment, deception, power and the evaluator’s desires.","collection":"dreamers","companion_works":[],"concepts":["machine agency","testing intelligence"],"date":2015,"date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"dreamers-48-exmachina-film","kind":"film","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Use 2015 theatrical-release year with December 2014 BFI preview caveat. Original BFI press release URL verified by bibliography; direct fetch failed and content was checked in mirrored primary material. Do not describe 2014 merely as production year."],"sources":["https://a24films.com/films/ex-machina","https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bggUmgeMCdc","https://doczz.net/doc/6589116/december-2014-at-bfi-southbank","https://www2.bfi.org.uk/sites/bfi.org.uk/files/downloads/bfi-press-release-december-2014-at-bfi-southbank-2014-10-29.pdf"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"Ex Machina","topics":[],"work_id":"work-coverage-76928eef4a78b0"},{"authors":["Virginia Eubanks"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Editorial thematic connections only; no direct personal or technical influence asserted without a specific source.","checklist_index":49,"claim":"Investigates how automated eligibility and risk systems can intensify disadvantage and reduce accountability.","collection":"dreamers","companion_works":[],"concepts":["algorithmic governance","inequality","public services"],"date":2018,"date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"dreamers-49-automatinginequalityhowhightechtoolsprofilepolicea-nonfiction","kind":"nonfiction","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["First copyright/publication 2018; linked paperback is 2019."],"sources":["https://us.macmillan.com/books/9781250215789/automatinginequality/"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"Automating Inequality: How High-Tech Tools Profile, Police, and Punish the Poor","topics":[],"work_id":"work-coverage-688e0b35f16307"},{"authors":["Spike Jonze (writer and director)"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Editorial thematic connections only; no direct personal or technical influence asserted without a specific source.","checklist_index":50,"claim":"Human–AI intimacy tests relational agency, emotional dependence and divergent modes of experience.","collection":"dreamers","companion_works":[],"concepts":["AI companionship","relational ethics"],"date":2013,"date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"dreamers-50-her-film","kind":"film","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["October 12, 2013 world premiere. Early press-release planned theatrical dates should not be treated as actual release dates."],"sources":["https://www.filmlinc.org/films/her/","https://www.filmlinc.org/press/fslc-announces-the-world-premiere-of-spike-jonzes-her-as-the-closing-night/","https://annapurnapics.com/"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"Her","topics":[],"work_id":"work-coverage-f1f33d00266bc2"},{"authors":["Steven Spielberg"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Fictional depiction; not evidence of actual AI capabilities or documented influence on AI research.","checklist_index":1,"claim":"A robot child seeks belonging, raising questions about engineered attachment and obligations to artificial beings.","collection":"cinema","companion_works":[],"concepts":["companionship","personhood","embodiment"],"date":2001,"date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"cinema-001","kind":"film","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Producer's film page verifies director and year."],"sources":["https://amblin.com/movie/a-i-artificial-intelligence/"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"A.I. Artificial Intelligence","topics":[],"work_id":"work-coverage-9aa9c3a528fcab"},{"authors":["Kogonada"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Fictional depiction; not evidence of actual AI capabilities or documented influence on AI research.","checklist_index":2,"claim":"A family's relationship with a synthetic companion makes memory and care central to artificial personhood.","collection":"cinema","companion_works":[],"concepts":["memory","companionship","personhood"],"date":2021,"date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"cinema-002","kind":"film","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Cannes records 2021 production and Un Certain Regard selection. A24 lists 2022, the commercial release year: https://a24films.com/films/after-yang?trk=public_post_comment-text"],"sources":["https://www.festival-cannes.com/en/f/after-yang/","https://a24films.com/films/after-yang?trk=public_post_comment-text"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"After Yang","topics":[],"work_id":"work-coverage-6915f1164d0ed7"},{"authors":["Jake Schreier"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Fictional depiction; not evidence of actual AI capabilities or documented influence on AI research.","checklist_index":3,"claim":"A domestic care robot complicates the boundary between assistance, friendship, and a person's independence.","collection":"cinema","companion_works":[],"concepts":["care","companionship","autonomy"],"date":2012,"date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"cinema-003","kind":"film","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["AFI verifies 2012 release and Jake Schreier; New York opening 17 August 2012. BFI's older festival page has a 2011 production field but its filmography lists 2012."],"sources":["https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/68851"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"Robot & Frank","topics":[],"work_id":"work-coverage-a267b59e6daf98"},{"authors":["Miguel Sapochnik"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Fictional depiction; not evidence of actual AI capabilities or documented influence on AI research.","checklist_index":4,"claim":"A human teaches a robot to care for a dog, connecting instruction to practical responsibility.","collection":"cinema","companion_works":[],"concepts":["care","learning","embodiment"],"date":2021,"date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"cinema-004","kind":"film","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Official page lists 5 November 2021 release and Miguel Sapochnik as director."],"sources":["https://www.apple.com/tv-pr/originals/finch/"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"Finch","topics":[],"work_id":"work-coverage-50fdc132819ebd"},{"authors":["Neill Blomkamp"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Fictional depiction; not evidence of actual AI capabilities or documented influence on AI research.","checklist_index":5,"claim":"A developing robot intelligence is shaped by the humans and social environment around it.","collection":"cinema","companion_works":[],"concepts":["learning","personhood","autonomy"],"date":2015,"date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"cinema-005","kind":"film","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Sony film page verifies film and 2015 copyright. Director confirmed by Sony production announcement: https://www.sonypictures.com/corp/press_releases/2013/10_13/102813_chappie.html . BBFC explicitly records director and 2015 production: https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/chappie-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0zodeznzk"],"sources":["https://www.sonypictures.com/movies/chappie","https://www.sonypictures.com/corp/press_releases/2013/10_13/102813_chappie.html","https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/chappie-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0zodeznzk"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"Chappie","topics":[],"work_id":"work-coverage-e668e5249811a1"},{"authors":["Bryan Forbes"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Fictional depiction; not evidence of actual AI capabilities or documented influence on AI research.","checklist_index":6,"claim":"Artificial domestic replacements expose a coercive ideal of perfectly obedient femininity.","collection":"cinema","companion_works":[],"concepts":["gender","autonomy","embodiment"],"date":1975,"date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"cinema-006","kind":"film","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["AFI verifies director and February 1975 release. This is the original, not the 2004 remake."],"sources":["https://catalog.afi.com/Film/55277-THE-STEPFORD-WIVES?cxt=filmography"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"The Stepford Wives","topics":[],"work_id":"work-coverage-bd026ebcf0fa92"},{"authors":["Fritz Lang"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Fictional depiction; not evidence of actual AI capabilities or documented influence on AI research.","checklist_index":7,"claim":"A human-shaped machine participates in a struggle over industrial labor and social control.","collection":"cinema","companion_works":[],"concepts":["labor","embodiment","power"],"date":1927,"date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"cinema-007","kind":"film","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["BFI verifies Fritz Lang and 1927."],"sources":["https://player.bfi.org.uk/subscription/film/watch-metropolis-1927-online"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"Metropolis","topics":[],"work_id":"work-coverage-66702a6783aa61"},{"authors":["Jim Archer"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Fictional depiction; not evidence of actual AI capabilities or documented influence on AI research.","checklist_index":8,"claim":"An eccentric inventor's robot develops a desire for companionship and an independent life.","collection":"cinema","companion_works":[],"concepts":["companionship","autonomy","embodiment"],"date":2022,"date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"cinema-008","kind":"film","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Distributor page records 17 June 2022 release and Jim Archer as director. Feature film, distinct from 2017 short."],"sources":["https://www.focusfeatures.com/brian-and-charles"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"Brian and Charles","topics":[],"work_id":"work-coverage-4c6181a03077ed"},{"authors":["Mamoru Oshii"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Fictional depiction; not evidence of actual AI capabilities or documented influence on AI research.","checklist_index":9,"claim":"Networked minds and cybernetic bodies unsettle the boundary between human identity and artificial intelligence.","collection":"cinema","companion_works":[],"concepts":["personhood","embodiment","identity"],"date":1995,"date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"cinema-009","kind":"film","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["BFI verifies 1995 and Mamoru Oshii. Animated original, not 2017 live-action film."],"sources":["https://player.bfi.org.uk/subscription/film/watch-ghost-in-the-shell-1995-online"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"Ghost in the Shell","topics":[],"work_id":"work-coverage-626896292c4c5d"},{"authors":["Mamoru Oshii"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Fictional depiction; not evidence of actual AI capabilities or documented influence on AI research.","checklist_index":10,"claim":"An investigation into humanoid robots explores the ethics of fabricated bodies and projected humanity.","collection":"cinema","companion_works":[],"concepts":["personhood","embodiment","exploitation"],"date":2004,"date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"cinema-010","kind":"film","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Cannes verifies Mamoru Oshii and 2004 festival appearance, while production field is 2003. GKIDS studio history explicitly calls it a 2004 film: https://gkids.com/studios/production-i-g/ . Distributor film page: https://gkids.com/films/ghost-in-the-shell-2-innocence/"],"sources":["https://www.festival-cannes.com/en/f/innocence/","https://gkids.com/studios/production-i-g/","https://gkids.com/films/ghost-in-the-shell-2-innocence/"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"Ghost in the Shell 2: Innocence","topics":[],"work_id":"work-coverage-cc2393ad7ad5d7"},{"authors":["James Cameron"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Fictional depiction; not evidence of actual AI capabilities or documented influence on AI research.","checklist_index":11,"claim":"A machine assassin embodies a future in which automated military power turns against its makers.","collection":"cinema","companion_works":[],"concepts":["alignment","autonomy","military_ai"],"date":1984,"date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"cinema-011","kind":"film","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["AFI verifies James Cameron and 26 October 1984 release."],"sources":["https://catalog.afi.com/Film/57224-THE-TERMINATOR?cp=1&pos=3&sid=508283be-acf2-4185-b407-6d386b0986a1&sr=0.15629451"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"The Terminator","topics":[],"work_id":"work-coverage-af36beb90a4e88"},{"authors":["James Cameron"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Fictional depiction; not evidence of actual AI capabilities or documented influence on AI research.","checklist_index":12,"claim":"A protective machine and a hostile one frame competing forms of machine agency and human responsibility.","collection":"cinema","companion_works":[],"concepts":["alignment","learning","military_ai"],"date":1991,"date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"cinema-012","kind":"film","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["AFI verifies year, director, and title spelling Judgment."],"sources":["https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/67074"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"Terminator 2: Judgment Day","topics":[],"work_id":"work-coverage-cce2d4487cbc2d"},{"authors":["Leigh Whannell"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Fictional depiction; not evidence of actual AI capabilities or documented influence on AI research.","checklist_index":13,"claim":"An implanted AI offers restored physical capability while challenging its host's control over his body.","collection":"cinema","companion_works":[],"concepts":["autonomy","embodiment","control"],"date":2018,"date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"cinema-013","kind":"film","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Distributor explicitly lists 2018 release year and Leigh Whannell as director."],"sources":["https://www.universalpicturesathome.com/movies/upgrade"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"Upgrade","topics":[],"work_id":"work-coverage-69b53232f5babf"},{"authors":["Gerard Johnstone"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Fictional depiction; not evidence of actual AI capabilities or documented influence on AI research.","checklist_index":14,"claim":"A companion doll's protective objective tests the limits of delegated care and safety constraints.","collection":"cinema","companion_works":[],"concepts":["care","alignment","companionship"],"date":2022,"date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"cinema-014","kind":"film","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Use 2022 for first-premiere convention; label 2023 if using US theatrical release years. Official page verifies Gerard Johnstone and 2022 copyright; Universal trailer dated 7 December 2022 announces theaters 6 January: https://www.universalstudios.com/videos/OoDHM_A1axc . UPI's dated premiere reporting confirms Los Angeles premiere 7 December 2022 and theaters 6 January 2023: https://www.upi.com/Entertainment_News/Movies/2022/12/08/Jason-Blum-dresses-as-M3gan-at-films-premiere/2081670509797/"],"sources":["https://www.universalpicturesathome.com/movies/m3gan","https://www.universalstudios.com/videos/OoDHM_A1axc","https://www.upi.com/Entertainment_News/Movies/2022/12/08/Jason-Blum-dresses-as-M3gan-at-films-premiere/2081670509797/"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"M3GAN","topics":[],"work_id":"work-coverage-6ae8bf88f3f308"},{"authors":["John Badham"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Fictional depiction; not evidence of actual AI capabilities or documented influence on AI research.","checklist_index":15,"claim":"A military robot's apparent awakening turns a weapons platform into a question about artificial life.","collection":"cinema","companion_works":[],"concepts":["personhood","learning","military_ai"],"date":1986,"date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"cinema-015","kind":"film","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["BFI verifies 1986 and John Badham."],"sources":["https://player.bfi.org.uk/rentals/film/watch-short-circuit-1986-online"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"Short Circuit","topics":[],"work_id":"work-coverage-7509ac23248be7"},{"authors":["Gabe Ibáñez"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Fictional depiction; not evidence of actual AI capabilities or documented influence on AI research.","checklist_index":16,"claim":"Robots constrained by behavioral protocols become a way to explore self-modification and human control.","collection":"cinema","companion_works":[],"concepts":["autonomy","alignment","personhood"],"date":2014,"date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"cinema-016","kind":"film","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Festival official 2014 selection verifies title and director. Spanish ICAA explicitly confirms 2014 production: https://sede.mcu.gob.es/CatalogoICAA/es-es/Peliculas/Detalle?Pelicula=117613"],"sources":["https://www.sansebastianfestival.com/2014/secciones_y_peliculas/7/621834/es","https://sede.mcu.gob.es/CatalogoICAA/es-es/Peliculas/Detalle?Pelicula=117613"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"Autómata","topics":[],"work_id":"work-coverage-3cdd5acdeae391"},{"authors":["Ridley Scott"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Fictional depiction; not evidence of actual AI capabilities or documented influence on AI research.","checklist_index":17,"claim":"A synthetic crewmember and ship computer place human welfare in tension with corporate instructions.","collection":"cinema","companion_works":[],"concepts":["alignment","labor","corporate_power"],"date":1979,"date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"cinema-017","kind":"film","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Studio lists 25 May 1979 release and Ridley Scott."],"sources":["https://www.20thcenturystudios.com/movies/alien"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"Alien","topics":[],"work_id":"work-coverage-9c2103f2ab5df6"},{"authors":["Duncan Jones"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Fictional depiction; not evidence of actual AI capabilities or documented influence on AI research.","checklist_index":18,"claim":"A lunar worker's relationship with the GERTY computer raises questions about corporate secrecy and machine assistance.","collection":"cinema","companion_works":[],"concepts":["care","labor","corporate_power"],"date":2009,"date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"cinema-018","kind":"film","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Producer's official page verifies 2009 and Duncan Jones. BFI's catalog uses 2008 production year; retain 2009 release year."],"sources":["https://www.liberty-films.com/project/moon/"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"Moon","topics":[],"work_id":"work-coverage-d93d253f5fcf9e"},{"authors":["Lana Wachowski","Lilly Wachowski"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Fictional depiction; not evidence of actual AI capabilities or documented influence on AI research.","checklist_index":19,"claim":"Human life inside a machine-maintained simulation connects artificial worlds to domination and agency.","collection":"cinema","companion_works":[],"concepts":["simulation","autonomy","control"],"date":1999,"date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"cinema-019","kind":"film","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["BFI credits The Wachowskis. Names Lana and Lilly verified in BFI feature: https://www.bfi.org.uk/features/matrix-wachowskis-keanu-reeves"],"sources":["https://www.bfi.org.uk/film/cc7edbb1-17e5-509b-935b-725045d722aa/the-matrix","https://www.bfi.org.uk/features/matrix-wachowskis-keanu-reeves"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"The Matrix","topics":[],"work_id":"work-coverage-b338886a74e7c3"},{"authors":["Lana Wachowski","Lilly Wachowski"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Fictional depiction; not evidence of actual AI capabilities or documented influence on AI research.","checklist_index":20,"claim":"Programs and competing forms of control complicate the apparent freedom of a machine-governed world.","collection":"cinema","companion_works":[],"concepts":["simulation","autonomy","governance"],"date":2003,"date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"cinema-020","kind":"film","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Cannes verifies 2003 and the Wachowskis, using a historical credit. Modern director names Lana and Lilly verified by BFI: https://www.bfi.org.uk/features/matrix-wachowskis-keanu-reeves"],"sources":["https://www.festival-cannes.com/f/the-matrix-reloaded/","https://www.bfi.org.uk/features/matrix-wachowskis-keanu-reeves"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"The Matrix Reloaded","topics":[],"work_id":"work-coverage-c6bbede74ad8f1"},{"authors":["Josef Rusnak"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Fictional depiction; not evidence of actual AI capabilities or documented influence on AI research.","checklist_index":21,"claim":"Inhabitants of a simulated world turn artificial experience into an ethical and epistemic problem.","collection":"cinema","companion_works":[],"concepts":["simulation","personhood","epistemology"],"date":1999,"date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"cinema-021","kind":"film","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Producer's official film page explicitly verifies 1999 and Josef Rusnak. 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Maddison","Arthur Guez","Laurent Sifre","George van den Driessche","Julian Schrittwieser","Ioannis Antonoglou","Veda Panneershelvam","Marc Lanctot","Sander Dieleman","Dominik Grewe","John Nham","Nal Kalchbrenner","Ilya Sutskever","Timothy Lillicrap","Madeleine Leach","Koray Kavukcuoglu","Thore Graepel","Demis Hassabis"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"The January 2016 paper reports the Fan Hui evaluation; the Lee Sedol match took place later. This is specialized Go performance, not a solution of Go or general intelligence.","checklist_index":"alphago-2016","claim":"Combines policy and value neural networks, supervised learning from expert games, reinforcement-learning self-play, and Monte Carlo tree search. 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AlphaGo Zero surpassed earlier AlphaGo versions, demonstrating strong play learned from self-play rather than imitation.","collection":"games","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":2017,"date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"game-research-alphago-zero-2017","kind":"research_paper","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["Published October 2017; separate work from AlphaZero.","Named lead authors and et-al/team credit; not a complete individual author roster."],"sources":["https://doi.org/10.1038/nature24270","https://deepmind.google/blog/alphago-zero-starting-from-scratch/","https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10045895/"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"Mastering the game of Go without human knowledge","topics":["games","scientific research"],"work_id":"work-coverage-695fb2c0d9de80"},{"authors":["David Silver et al. (DeepMind)"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Each game has its own trained model and supplied rules. 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Achieved superhuman play against strong reference programs in chess, shogi, and Go.","collection":"games","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":2018,"date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"game-research-alphazero-2018","kind":"research_paper","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["Journal paper is 2018; predecessor preprint was submitted in December 2017.","Named lead authors and et-al/team credit; not a complete individual author roster."],"sources":["https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aar6404","https://arxiv.org/abs/1712.01815","https://deepmind.google/blog/alphazero-shedding-new-light-on-chess-shogi-and-go/"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"A general reinforcement learning algorithm that masters chess, shogi, and Go through self-play","topics":["games","scientific research"],"work_id":"work-coverage-89b49be4e6ae6e"},{"authors":["Murray Campbell; A. 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AlphaStar reached Grandmaster on the online ladder for all three races, above 99.8% of ranked players.","collection":"games","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":2019,"date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"game-research-alphastar-2019","kind":"research_paper","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["Published October 30, 2019.","Named lead authors and et-al/team credit; not a complete individual author roster."],"sources":["https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1724-z","https://deepmind.google/blog/alphastar-grandmaster-level-in-starcraft-ii-using-multi-agent-reinforcement-learning/"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"Grandmaster level in StarCraft II using multi-agent reinforcement learning","topics":["games","scientific research"],"work_id":"work-coverage-146f4e76645c1a"},{"authors":["OpenAI; Christopher Berner et al."],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"The Finals used a restricted pool of 17 heroes and a bot interface. Do not describe the result as unrestricted Dota 2 or as learning directly from rendered pixels.","checklist_index":"openai-five-2019","claim":"Large-scale self-play reinforcement learning, recurrent policies, distributed experience collection, and continual-training infrastructure. OpenAI Five defeated reigning world-champion team OG in the April 2019 Finals demonstration.","collection":"games","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":2019,"date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"game-research-openai-five-2019","kind":"research_paper","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["Paper submitted December 2019; OG match occurred April 13, 2019.","Named lead authors and et-al/team credit; not a complete individual author roster."],"sources":["https://arxiv.org/abs/1912.06680","https://cdn.openai.com/dota-2.pdf","https://openai.com/index/openai-five-defeats-dota-2-world-champions/"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"Dota 2 with Large Scale Deep Reinforcement Learning","topics":["games","scientific research"],"work_id":"work-coverage-24afd1e1aebecb"},{"authors":["Marc G. Bellemare; Yavar Naddaf; Joel Veness; Michael Bowling"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"ALE is a platform and collection of games, not one game or one successful agent. Results require the exact game set, emulator, observation mode, and evaluation protocol.","checklist_index":"arcade-learning-environment-2013","claim":"A common interface and evaluation methodology for Atari 2600 games supports learning and planning agents across many tasks. Established a reusable multi-game testbed with baseline experiments on more than 55 games.","collection":"games","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":null,"date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"game-research-arcade-learning-environment-2013","kind":"research_paper","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["Journal publication 2013; arXiv predecessor first submitted in 2012.","Named lead authors and et-al/team credit; not a complete individual author roster."],"sources":["https://arxiv.org/abs/1207.4708","https://doi.org/10.1613/jair.3912","https://marcgbellemare.info/"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"Atari 2600 game suite","topics":["games","scientific research"],"work_id":"work-coverage-46a41b82d67f8c"},{"authors":["Volodymyr Mnih et al. (DeepMind)"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Agents are trained separately per game. Aggregate human-comparable performance does not mean every title was mastered; sparse-reward exploration remained difficult. These are Atari 2600 versions, not the original arcade machines.","checklist_index":"dqn-atari-2015","claim":"Deep Q-learning couples a convolutional network with experience replay and a target network to learn action values from pixels and rewards. Used the same algorithm, architecture, and hyperparameters across 49 Atari 2600 games; Breakout and Space Invaders are prominent demonstrations.","collection":"games","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":2015,"date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"game-research-dqn-atari-2015","kind":"research_paper","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["Published February 25, 2015; distinguish from the 2013 DQN workshop/preprint.","Named lead authors and et-al/team credit; not a complete individual author roster."],"sources":["https://www.nature.com/articles/nature14236"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"Human-level control through deep reinforcement learning","topics":["games","scientific research"],"work_id":"work-coverage-29728ded993d63"},{"authors":["Adrien Ecoffet; Joost Huizinga; Joel Lehman; Kenneth O. Stanley; Jeff Clune"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Results depend on the variant: reset-based exploration uses simulator restoration, while policy-based Go-Explore addresses stochastic returns. Do not present privileged-reset exploration alone as an ordinary deployed policy.","checklist_index":"go-explore-2021","claim":"Archives promising states, returns to them, then explores further; trajectories can be robustified, while a goal-conditioned variant returns with a learned policy. Large gains on hard-exploration Atari games, especially Montezuma’s Revenge and Pitfall.","collection":"games","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":2021,"date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"game-research-go-explore-2021","kind":"research_paper","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["Nature paper published February 2021; earlier Go-Explore reports appeared before it.","Named lead authors and et-al/team credit; not a complete individual author roster."],"sources":["https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-03157-9","https://github.com/uber-research/go-explore"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"First return, then explore","topics":["games","scientific research"],"work_id":"work-coverage-561bfe6f3c72b9"},{"authors":["Matthew Johnson; Katja Hofmann; Tim Hutton; David Bignell (Microsoft Research)"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"A platform contribution, not a claim that Minecraft was solved. Task definitions, observations, rewards, and modifications are chosen by experimenters.","checklist_index":"malmo-2016","claim":"A Minecraft-based abstraction layer and API lets researchers construct controlled tasks for navigation, survival, collaboration, and problem solving. Introduced an open-source experimentation platform for varied embodied-agent research.","collection":"games","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":2016,"date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"game-research-malmo-2016","kind":"research_paper","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["Published July 2016.","Named lead authors and et-al/team credit; not a complete individual author roster."],"sources":["https://www.ijcai.org/Proceedings/16/Papers/643.pdf","https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/publication/malmo-platform-artificial-intelligence-experimentation/"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"The Malmo Platform for Artificial Intelligence Experimentation","topics":["games","scientific research"],"work_id":"work-coverage-2b137202bd7516"},{"authors":["Linxi Fan et al. (MineDojo research team)"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"The thousands of available tasks describe benchmark coverage, not thousands of tasks mastered by one agent. Learned rewards and web data introduce dependence on external knowledge and reward-model quality.","checklist_index":"minedojo-2022","claim":"Combines Minecraft tasks with a large multimodal knowledge corpus; MineCLIP-style video-language learning supplies reward signals for language-specified goals. Released a broad task suite and demonstrated agents for selected open-ended tasks without hand-designed dense shaping rewards.","collection":"games","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":2022,"date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"game-research-minedojo-2022","kind":"research_paper","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["First preprint June 2022; conference publication 2022.","Named lead authors and et-al/team credit; not a complete individual author roster."],"sources":["https://arxiv.org/abs/2206.08853","https://papers.nips.cc/paper_files/paper/2022/hash/74a67268c5cc5910f64938cac4526a90-Abstract-Datasets_and_Benchmarks.html","https://github.com/MineDojo/MineDojo"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"MineDojo: Building Open-Ended Embodied Agents with Internet-Scale Knowledge","topics":["games","scientific research"],"work_id":"work-coverage-c797fb91b934a5"},{"authors":["Guanzhi Wang; Yuqi Xie; Yunfan Jiang; Ajay Mandlekar; Chaowei Xiao; Yuke Zhu; Linxi Fan; Anima Anandkumar"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Uses a programmatic Minecraft interface and pretrained language-model knowledge. It is not pixel-only play or proof of unrestricted Minecraft mastery; reported gains apply to its evaluation setup.","checklist_index":"voyager-2023","claim":"GPT-4 proposes an automatic curriculum and executable code; feedback-driven revision and a growing skill library support continued exploration. Demonstrated better item discovery, travel, and technology-tree progress than the evaluated baseline agents, with reusable learned code skills.","collection":"games","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":2023,"date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"game-research-voyager-2023","kind":"research_paper","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["First submitted May 25, 2023.","Named lead authors and et-al/team credit; not a complete individual author roster."],"sources":["https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.16291","https://voyager.minedojo.org/"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"Voyager: An Open-Ended Embodied Agent with Large Language Models","topics":["games","scientific research"],"work_id":"work-coverage-30234dfd051130"},{"authors":["Max Jaderberg et al. (DeepMind)"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"The environment is a research adaptation of Quake III Arena Capture the Flag with specified generated maps and controls. Results do not cover every Quake mode or establish a universal FPS agent.","checklist_index":"ftw-quake-2019","claim":"A population of recurrent reinforcement-learning agents trains in parallel team games; population-based optimization adapts learning settings and internal rewards. The For The Win (FTW) agents achieved strong human-level play as teammates and opponents in capture-the-flag evaluations.","collection":"games","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":2019,"date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"game-research-ftw-quake-2019","kind":"research_paper","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["Science publication 2019; differently titled preprint first appeared July 2018.","Named lead authors and et-al/team credit; not a complete individual author roster."],"sources":["https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aau6249","https://arxiv.org/abs/1807.01281","https://deepmind.google/blog/capture-the-flag-the-emergence-of-complex-cooperative-agents/"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"Human-level performance in 3D multiplayer games with population-based reinforcement learning","topics":["games","scientific research"],"work_id":"work-coverage-29bb7f5af046f6"},{"authors":["Heinrich Küttler; Nantas Nardelli; Alexander H. Miller; Roberta Raileanu; Marco Selvatici; Edward Grefenstette; Tim Rocktäschel"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"The baseline successes concern early stages. The paper does not claim a winning or ascension-capable general NetHack agent; distinguish benchmark introduction from later challenge results.","checklist_index":"nethack-learning-environment-2020","claim":"Packages fast, procedurally generated NetHack runs and task variants for reinforcement learning; evaluates distributed RL and Random Network Distillation baselines. Introduced a demanding environment for long-horizon exploration, planning, skill acquisition, and generalization.","collection":"games","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":2020,"date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"game-research-nethack-learning-environment-2020","kind":"research_paper","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["First preprint June 24, 2020.","Named lead authors and et-al/team credit; not a complete individual author roster."],"sources":["https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.13760","https://ai.meta.com/blog/nethack-learning-environment-to-advance-deep-reinforcement-learning/"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"The NetHack Learning Environment","topics":["games","scientific research"],"work_id":"work-coverage-fa4ea91987064d"},{"authors":["Bowen Baker; Ingmar Kanitscheider; Todor Markov; Yi Wu; Glenn Powell; Bob McGrew; Igor Mordatch"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"This is OpenAI’s custom simulated hide-and-seek environment, not a released commercial game. Emergent behavior, including exploiting simulator affordances, does not by itself demonstrate human-like understanding or general tool competence.","checklist_index":"hide-and-seek-2019","claim":"Multi-agent reinforcement learning trains competing hiders and seekers with movable objects, producing a changing curriculum through their interaction. Reported six phases of strategies and counter-strategies, including shelter building and ramp use.","collection":"games","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":2019,"date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"game-research-hide-and-seek-2019","kind":"research_paper","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["Initial public report and arXiv submission September 2019; revised 2020.","Named lead authors and et-al/team credit; not a complete individual author roster."],"sources":["https://arxiv.org/abs/1909.07528","https://openai.com/index/emergent-tool-use/","https://github.com/openai/multi-agent-emergence-environments"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"OpenAI Hide-and-Seek","topics":["games","scientific research"],"work_id":"work-coverage-f17fdba4991147"},{"authors":["Noam Brown; Tuomas Sandholm (Carnegie Mellon University)"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"The studied game is two-player poker. Strong empirical play is not a mathematical solution of no-limit hold’em, and should not be conflated with multiplayer Pluribus.","checklist_index":"libratus-2018","claim":"Builds an abstract-game blueprint, refines decisions with nested subgame solving, and repairs weaknesses in the blueprint through self-improvement. Defeated four specialist professionals over 120,000 hands of heads-up no-limit Texas hold’em.","collection":"games","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":null,"date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"game-research-libratus-2018","kind":"research_paper","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["Journal issue is January 2018; published online December 2017; competition January 2017.","Named lead authors and et-al/team credit; not a complete individual author roster."],"sources":["https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aap9431","https://www.cmu.edu/news/stories/archives/2017/december/ai-inner-workings.html","https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29249696/"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"Poker: Texas Hold'em","topics":["games","scientific research"],"work_id":"work-coverage-28d4edb2b57761"},{"authors":["Noam Brown; Tuomas Sandholm (Facebook AI and Carnegie Mellon University)"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"This is a specific six-player, fixed experimental setting. Multiplayer self-play lacks the same general convergence guarantee as two-player zero-sum equilibrium methods; the result is empirical.","checklist_index":"pluribus-2019","claim":"Self-play builds an abstract-game blueprint; limited-depth search with multiple continuation strategies refines play in six-player poker. Outperformed top professionals in six-player no-limit Texas hold’em experiments.","collection":"games","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":2019,"date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"game-research-pluribus-2019","kind":"research_paper","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["Published 2019; keep separate from Libratus.","Named lead authors and et-al/team credit; not a complete individual author roster."],"sources":["https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aay2400","https://noambrown.github.io/papers/19-Science-Superhuman.pdf","https://www.cs.cmu.edu/news/2019/carnegie-mellon-and-facebook-ai-beats-professionals-six-player-poker"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"Superhuman AI for multiplayer poker","topics":["games","scientific research"],"work_id":"work-coverage-39f86e03116cca"},{"authors":["Vlad Firoiu; William F. Whitney; Joshua B. Tenenbaum"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Main human tests used Captain Falcon mirror matches on Battlefield, game-memory features, and unrealistically fast 33 ms reactions. The title must not be read as unrestricted tournament-level mastery of Melee.","checklist_index":"melee-deep-rl-2017","claim":"Compares Q-learning and actor-critic methods, then uses actor-critic self-play against earlier policies and experiments with character-specific agents. Reported favorable matches against highly ranked professional players.","collection":"games","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":2001,"date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"game-research-melee-deep-rl-2017","kind":"research_paper","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["Submitted February 21, 2017.","Named lead authors and et-al/team credit; not a complete individual author roster."],"sources":["https://arxiv.org/abs/1702.06230","https://arxiv.org/html/1702.06230"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"Super Smash Bros. Melee","topics":["games","scientific research"],"work_id":"work-coverage-8f28d60d0ff990"},{"authors":["Marco Pleines; Daniel Addis; David Rubinstein; Frank Zimmer; Mike Preuss; Peter Whidden"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Partial-game result, not beating the full game. Main runs start after early parcel tasks with a chosen starter; shaped rewards and memory-derived inputs are material. The retrieved record says under review.","checklist_index":"pokemon-red-rl-2025","claim":"PPO uses screen frames, selected game-state features, and exploration, healing, level, and event rewards to learn long-horizon play. Demonstrates progress through the early game and Cerulean City objectives, with reward ablations exposing exploitation and instability.","collection":"games","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":2025,"date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"game-research-pokemon-red-rl-2025","kind":"research_paper","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["Submitted February 27, 2025; title changed from the first-version “Playing Pokémon Red via Deep Reinforcement Learning.”","Named lead authors and et-al/team credit; not a complete individual author roster."],"sources":["https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.19920","https://arxiv.org/html/2502.19920v2"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"Pokémon Red via Reinforcement Learning","topics":["games","scientific research"],"work_id":"work-coverage-8093639133c4d7"},{"authors":["Stephan R. Richter; Vibhav Vineet; Stefan Roth; Vladlen Koltun"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"The game supplies visual training data; the work does not train an agent to play GTA V. Synthetic-to-real performance and data-use restrictions require separate consideration.","checklist_index":"gta-v-playing-for-data-2016","claim":"Extracts graphics-pipeline associations from GTA V and propagates human semantic labels across rendered images without needing game source code. Produced roughly 25,000 densely labeled images and showed benefits when synthetic training data supplements real-world segmentation data.","collection":"games","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":2016,"date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"game-research-gta-v-playing-for-data-2016","kind":"research_paper","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["Research publication 2016, distinct from game release.","Named lead authors and et-al/team credit; not a complete individual author roster."],"sources":["https://arxiv.org/abs/1608.02192","https://www.cvlibs.net/projects/autonomous_vision_survey/literature/Richter2016ECCV.pdf"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"Playing for Data: Ground Truth from Computer Games","topics":["games","scientific research"],"work_id":"work-coverage-3d392d6b7a3e06"},{"authors":["Stephan R. Richter; Zeeshan Hayder; Vladlen Koltun"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Perception benchmark rather than gameplay AI; synthetic performance should not be equated with real-world driving capability. The official dataset page restricts data to research and education, prohibiting commercial use.","checklist_index":"gta-v-playing-for-benchmarks-2017","claim":"Uses a photorealistic game world to build controlled visual-perception benchmarks with automatically obtainable ground truth. Provides complementary synthetic evaluations across visual-perception tasks.","collection":"games","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":2017,"date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"game-research-gta-v-playing-for-benchmarks-2017","kind":"research_paper","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["Published 2017; distinct follow-up to Playing for Data (2016).","Named lead authors and et-al/team credit; not a complete individual author roster."],"sources":["https://arxiv.org/abs/1709.07322","https://openaccess.thecvf.com/content_ICCV_2017/papers/Richter_Playing_for_Benchmarks_ICCV_2017_paper.pdf","https://playing-for-benchmarks.org/download/"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"Playing for Benchmarks","topics":["games","scientific research"],"work_id":"work-coverage-df9dde7b5fb72e"},{"authors":["Seth Cooper, Firas Khatib, Adrien Treuille et al.; Foldit players"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"This is citizen science and human–computer problem solving, not an autonomous game-playing AI benchmark. Structural modeling performance is bounded by the tested puzzles and scientific validation.","checklist_index":"foldit-protein-structures-2010","claim":"Players manipulate protein structures and use accessible Rosetta optimization tools, combining human spatial reasoning with computational scoring and collaborative play. Demonstrated that gameplay could contribute useful protein-structure models and complement automated search.","collection":"games","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":2008,"date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"game-research-foldit-protein-structures-2010","kind":"research_paper","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["Paper published 2010; distinguish from the game’s 2008 launch.","Named lead authors and et-al/team credit; not a complete individual author roster."],"sources":["https://www.nature.com/articles/nature09304","https://grail.cs.washington.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/cooper-2011-pps.pdf","https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~treuille/"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"Foldit","topics":["games","scientific research"],"work_id":"work-coverage-d7cac16ff56d10"},{"authors":["European Space Agency"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"demonstrated historical. SpaceX role: None established; ESA identifies Vega as launcher.","checklist_index":1,"claim":"ESA's early onboard-AI Earth-observation demonstration carried AI on an FSSCat CubeSat. It is a precedent for processing sensor data near its source, not a general-purpose orbital cloud.","collection":"orbital","companion_works":[],"concepts":["orbital compute","physical infrastructure"],"date":"2020-09-03","date_metadata":{},"entity_type":"project","family_ids":[],"id":"orbital-phisat1","institutions":["European Space Agency"],"kind":"project","lens":"builders","lens_tags":["builders"],"metadata_notes":["launch"],"sources":["https://www.esa.int/Applications/Observing_the_Earth/FutureEO/Phsat","https://www.esa.int/Enabling_Support/Preparing_for_the_Future/Discovery_and_Preparation/Artificial_intelligence_in_space"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"Φsat-1 / FSSCat","topics":["orbital infrastructure"],"work_id":"work-coverage-d2ba463674053b"},{"authors":["ESA","Open Cosmos","Ubotica","CGI","CEiiA","GEO-K","KP-Labs","SIMERA"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"in orbit demonstration. SpaceX role: Falcon 9 Transporter-11 launch provider; not the compute-system operator.","checklist_index":2,"claim":"A 6U CubeSat tests onboard cloud filtering, vessel detection, mapping, compression and environmental applications. ESA reported its science phase began July 15, 2025. Current 2026 health was not independently established.","collection":"orbital","companion_works":[],"concepts":["orbital compute","physical infrastructure"],"date":"2024-08-16","date_metadata":{},"entity_type":"project","family_ids":[],"id":"orbital-phisat2","institutions":["ESA","Open Cosmos","Ubotica","CGI","CEiiA","GEO-K","KP-Labs","SIMERA"],"kind":"project","lens":"builders","lens_tags":["builders"],"metadata_notes":["launch"],"sources":["https://www.esa.int/Applications/Observing_the_Earth/FutureEO/Phsat-2","https://www.esa.int/Applications/Observing_the_Earth/FutureEO/Phsat-2/New_satellite_demonstrates_the_power_of_AI_for_Earth_observation?rand=771654"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"Φsat-2","topics":["orbital infrastructure"],"work_id":"work-coverage-4e69ec2309c130"},{"authors":["ESA","ESOC"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"completed demonstration. SpaceX role: No role established by the cited source.","checklist_index":3,"claim":"Launched December 18, 2019; mission ended during May 22–23, 2024. The reprogrammable satellite hosted AI and networking experiments. It must not be represented as a currently operating data center.","collection":"orbital","companion_works":[],"concepts":["orbital compute","physical infrastructure"],"date":"2024-05-23","date_metadata":{},"entity_type":"project","family_ids":[],"id":"orbital-opssat","institutions":["ESA","ESOC"],"kind":"project","lens":"builders","lens_tags":["builders"],"metadata_notes":["mission_end"],"sources":["https://www.esa.int/Enabling_Support/Operations/Mission_complete_for_ESA_s_OPS-SAT_flying_laboratory?rand=771654"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"OPS-SAT flying laboratory","topics":["orbital infrastructure"],"work_id":"work-coverage-4635e959e98630"},{"authors":["Hewlett Packard Enterprise","NASA","International Space Station","Northrop Grumman"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"in orbit experimental program. SpaceX role: Falcon 9 launch provider for the Northrop Grumman resupply mission.","checklist_index":4,"claim":"HPE announced its third Spaceborne Computer iteration, using commercial servers, headed to the ISS in January 2024 to expand edge HPC, AI and ML experiments. An ISS-hosted computer benefits from station support; it is not equivalent to an autonomous free-flying hyperscale facility.","collection":"orbital","companion_works":[],"concepts":["orbital compute","physical infrastructure"],"date":"2024-01-30","date_metadata":{},"entity_type":"project","family_ids":[],"id":"orbital-hpe-sbc2","institutions":["Hewlett Packard Enterprise","NASA","International Space Station","Northrop Grumman"],"kind":"project","lens":"builders","lens_tags":["builders"],"metadata_notes":["launch_announcement"],"sources":["https://www.hpe.com/us/en/newsroom/press-release/2024/01/hpe-spaceborne-computer-2-returns-to-the-international-space-station.html"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"HPE Spaceborne Computer-2","topics":["orbital infrastructure"],"work_id":"work-coverage-e0ddeb71766a19"},{"authors":["Axiom Space","Red Hat","Spacebilt","Skyloom","Phison Electronics","Microchip Technology"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"initial nodes launched company report. SpaceX role: Do not infer operator status from launch arrangements.","checklist_index":5,"claim":"Axiom reports an ISS AxDCU-1 prototype in 2025 and two dedicated LEO nodes launched January 11, 2026. Its larger optically connected ISS node was announced for 2027; that is a future plan, not a completed deployment. The current project page does not independently establish service capacity or utilization.","collection":"orbital","companion_works":[],"concepts":["orbital compute","physical infrastructure"],"date":"2026-01-11","date_metadata":{},"entity_type":"project","family_ids":[],"id":"orbital-axiom","institutions":["Axiom Space","Red Hat","Spacebilt","Skyloom","Phison Electronics","Microchip Technology"],"kind":"project","lens":"builders","lens_tags":["builders"],"metadata_notes":["two_nodes_launched_company_report"],"sources":["https://www.axiomspace.com/orbital-data-center","https://axiomspace.com/release/axiom-space-spacebilt-announce-orbital-data-center-node"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"Axiom Orbital Data Centers","topics":["orbital infrastructure"],"work_id":"work-coverage-6707e327902d76"},{"authors":["Kepler Communications","NVIDIA"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"operational company report. SpaceX role: No operator role established by this source.","checklist_index":6,"claim":"Kepler announced commissioning of distributed onboard computing across 10 optically interconnected Tranche 1 satellites, integrating accelerated edge processing with data relay. Its 'first' and commercial-operation descriptions are company claims; this is not evidence of terrestrial-hyperscale training capacity.","collection":"orbital","companion_works":[],"concepts":["orbital compute","physical infrastructure"],"date":"2026-03-16","date_metadata":{},"entity_type":"project","family_ids":[],"id":"orbital-kepler","institutions":["Kepler Communications","NVIDIA"],"kind":"project","lens":"builders","lens_tags":["builders"],"metadata_notes":["commissioning_announcement"],"sources":["https://kepler.space/kepler-deploys-first-space-based-scalable-cloud-infrastructure-powered-by-nvidia/"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"Kepler Tranche 1 edge-compute network","topics":["orbital infrastructure"],"work_id":"work-coverage-14edef0ce8ffb9"},{"authors":["Starcloud","NVIDIA"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"in orbit compute demonstration company report. SpaceX role: Launch-provider relationships do not establish ownership or operation of Starcloud's compute.","checklist_index":7,"claim":"Starcloud reports a November 2025 launch carrying an NVIDIA H100 and a December onboard language-model training/inference demonstration. The page inconsistently names Gemini in its prose and Gemma in an endorsement; avoid a definitive model name without stronger evidence. A single demonstration is not validation of gigawatt-scale economics.","collection":"orbital","companion_works":[],"concepts":["orbital compute","physical infrastructure"],"date":"2025-11","date_metadata":{},"entity_type":"project","family_ids":[],"id":"orbital-starcloud1","institutions":["Starcloud","NVIDIA"],"kind":"project","lens":"builders","lens_tags":["builders"],"metadata_notes":["launch_month_company_report"],"sources":["https://www.starcloud.com/starcloud-1"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"Starcloud-1","topics":["orbital infrastructure"],"work_id":"work-coverage-91437853c2292b"},{"authors":["Google Research","Planet"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"prototype in orbit company confirmed. SpaceX role: Transporter-18 launch provider; Google/Planet prototype is not a SpaceX-operated data center.","checklist_index":8,"claim":"Google confirms a Planet-built prototype launched October 1, 2026, made contact and was operating as expected. Radiation and thermal measurements were still ahead. Its 2025 architecture research explored closely spaced TPU satellites and optical links; the proposed large-scale system is not an operational service.","collection":"orbital","companion_works":[],"concepts":["orbital compute","physical infrastructure"],"date":"2026-10-01","date_metadata":{},"entity_type":"project","family_ids":[],"id":"orbital-google-suncatcher","institutions":["Google Research","Planet"],"kind":"project","lens":"builders","lens_tags":["builders"],"metadata_notes":["prototype_launch"],"sources":["https://blog.google/innovation-and-ai/models-and-research/google-research/project-suncatcher-prototype/","https://research.google/blog/exploring-a-space-based-scalable-ai-infrastructure-system-design/"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"Project Suncatcher","topics":["orbital infrastructure"],"work_id":"work-coverage-9e4d0dd3f0e888"},{"authors":["Space Exploration Holdings, LLC","SpaceX","Federal Communications Commission"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"proposed system regulatory application. SpaceX role: Verified applicant and proposed operator here, separately from its launch-provider roles for other projects.","checklist_index":9,"claim":"The FCC's February 4 public notice says SpaceX sought authority for up to one million NGSO data-center satellites. Acceptance for filing is not approval or deployment. SpaceX's Starmind page describes production/deployment starting as soon as late 2027, a forward-looking company target.","collection":"orbital","companion_works":[],"concepts":["orbital compute","physical infrastructure"],"date":"2026-01-30","date_metadata":{},"entity_type":"project","family_ids":[],"id":"orbital-spacex","institutions":["Space Exploration Holdings, LLC","SpaceX","Federal Communications Commission"],"kind":"project","lens":"builders","lens_tags":["builders"],"metadata_notes":["application_filed"],"sources":["https://docs.fcc.gov/public/attachments/DA-26-113A1.pdf","https://new.spacex.com/spacexai/starmind"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"SpaceX Orbital Data Center system / Starmind","topics":["orbital infrastructure"],"work_id":"work-coverage-4b9607ea642afd"},{"authors":["Thales Alenia Space","European Commission Horizon Europe","Carbone 4","VITO","Orange Business","CloudFerro","HPE","ArianeGroup","DLR","Airbus Defence & Space"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"feasibility study and long term proposal. SpaceX role: No direct role established.","checklist_index":10,"claim":"The consortium studied environmental and technical feasibility of orbital data centers. Its favorable carbon scenario requires a launcher with tenfold lower lifecycle emissions. A one-gigawatt ambition before 2050 and financial returns are study projections, not deployed infrastructure.","collection":"orbital","companion_works":[],"concepts":["orbital compute","physical infrastructure"],"date":"2024-06-27","date_metadata":{},"entity_type":"study","family_ids":[],"id":"orbital-ascend","institutions":["Thales Alenia Space","European Commission Horizon Europe","Carbone 4","VITO","Orange Business","CloudFerro","HPE","ArianeGroup","DLR","Airbus Defence & Space"],"kind":"study","lens":"builders","lens_tags":["builders"],"metadata_notes":["results_announcement"],"sources":["https://www.thalesaleniaspace.com/en/press-releases/thales-alenia-space-reveals-results-ascend-feasibility-study-space-data-centers-0"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"ASCEND feasibility study","topics":["orbital infrastructure"],"work_id":"work-coverage-065b0253df4a2c"},{"authors":[],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"analytical preprint. SpaceX role: Falcon 9 public launch pricing is used as an economic benchmark, not as proof of a data-center deployment.","checklist_index":11,"claim":"Models the coupled requirements of generation, storage, heat rejection, communication, utilization and replacement. Its illustrative one-megawatt case needs 5,640 square meters of beginning-of-life solar panels and 2,500 square meters of radiators. At 40 kg/kW, its terrestrial benchmark permits $250–1,000/kg for combined spacecraft build and launch before additional penalties. These are scenario results, not universal quotes.","collection":"orbital","companion_works":[],"concepts":["orbital compute","physical infrastructure"],"date":"2026-04-29","date_metadata":{},"entity_type":"research_work","family_ids":[],"id":"orbital-turyshev","institutions":[],"kind":"research_work","lens":"builders","lens_tags":["builders"],"metadata_notes":["preprint_submission"],"sources":["https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.27197"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"Orbital Data Centers: Spacecraft Constraints and Economic Viability","topics":["orbital infrastructure"],"work_id":"work-coverage-d1058b9116cdd2"},{"authors":[],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"analytical preprint. SpaceX role: No operating role established.","checklist_index":12,"claim":"Compares orbital and terrestrial costs and network topology. Its bisection-bandwidth and roofline analysis finds inference potentially feasible but frontier-scale LLM training unlikely to compete under its modeled conditions. Treat the conclusion as a research model, not a settled impossibility theorem.","collection":"orbital","companion_works":[],"concepts":["orbital compute","physical infrastructure"],"date":"2026-07-15","date_metadata":{},"entity_type":"research_work","family_ids":[],"id":"orbital-vanberkel","institutions":[],"kind":"research_work","lens":"builders","lens_tags":["builders"],"metadata_notes":["preprint_submission"],"sources":["https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.14172"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"The Cost and Network Limits of Space-Based AI Compute","topics":["orbital infrastructure"],"work_id":"work-coverage-55aeb7704501d3"},{"authors":["ESA Space Debris Office"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"observed environment and modeled projections. SpaceX role: Industry-wide context; do not assign the report's total debris findings to one company.","checklist_index":13,"claim":"ESA's overview uses activity data through end-2025, excluding not-yet-launched projects. It warns that insufficient end-of-life disposal and collision fragmentation threaten sustainability and says mitigation plus active removal are needed. Distinguish measured historical activity from forward modeled collision scenarios.","collection":"orbital","companion_works":[],"concepts":["orbital compute","physical infrastructure"],"date":"2026-09-14","date_metadata":{},"entity_type":"institutional_report","family_ids":[],"id":"orbital-esa-environment","institutions":["ESA Space Debris Office"],"kind":"institutional_report","lens":"builders","lens_tags":["builders"],"metadata_notes":["public_overview_publication"],"sources":["https://www.esa.int/Space_Safety/Space_Debris/ESA_Space_Environment_Report_2026"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"ESA Space Environment Report 2026","topics":["orbital infrastructure"],"work_id":"work-coverage-f5ecbe068e4960"},{"authors":["Gordon E. Moore"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"The 1965 article is not the later two-year formulation and does not guarantee universal compute-performance doubling. ","checklist_index":1,"claim":"Connects integrated-circuit component density at minimum cost with an approximately annual doubling trend and projects continued growth.","collection":"material","companion_works":[],"concepts":["Moore’s law","integration density","cost per component"],"date":"1965-04-19","date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"material-1","institutions":["Fairchild Semiconductor"],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens":"builders","lens_tags":["builders"],"metadata_notes":["exact bibliography binding","Primary-source abstract, publisher description, institutional bibliographic record, or indexed original text checked; not a full-text audit."],"sources":["https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~18742/papers/Moore1965.pdf"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"Cramming more components onto integrated circuits","topics":["physical infrastructure"],"work_id":"work-coverage-9cc72dbe37b70b"},{"authors":["Robert H. Dennard","Fritz H. Gaensslen","Hwa-Nien Yu","V. Leo Rideout","Ernest Bassous","Andre R. LeBlanc"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Constant-field scaling depends on coordinated voltage and dimensional scaling; it is not an indefinitely valid guarantee of constant power density. ","checklist_index":2,"claim":"Presents transistor-scaling relationships and fabricated short-channel MOSFETs using ion implantation.","collection":"material","companion_works":[],"concepts":["Dennard scaling","MOSFET","power density"],"date":"1974","date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"material-2","institutions":["IBM"],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens":"builders","lens_tags":["builders"],"metadata_notes":["exact bibliography binding","Primary-source abstract, publisher description, institutional bibliographic record, or indexed original text checked; not a full-text audit."],"sources":["https://research.ibm.com/publications/design-of-ion-implanted-mosfets-with-very-small-physical-dimensions"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"Design of Ion-Implanted MOSFET’s With Very Small Physical Dimensions","topics":["physical infrastructure"],"work_id":"work-coverage-846bce80b0c6e6"},{"authors":["John L. Hennessy","David A. Patterson"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Sixth edition is explicitly selected; do not silently combine editions or infer that its examples describe current accelerators. Edition unspecified in baseline; bind the sixth edition.","checklist_index":3,"claim":"Organizes computer architecture around quantitative performance, energy, parallelism and memory-system trade-offs.","collection":"material","companion_works":[],"concepts":["computer architecture","memory hierarchy","parallelism"],"date":"2017-11-23","date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"material-3","institutions":["Morgan Kaufmann"],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens":"builders","lens_tags":["builders"],"metadata_notes":["representative bibliography binding","Primary-source abstract, publisher description, institutional bibliographic record, or indexed original text checked; not a full-text audit."],"sources":["https://www.educate.elsevier.com/book/details/9780128119051"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach, Sixth Edition","topics":["physical infrastructure"],"work_id":"work-coverage-aed67adccc79b0"},{"authors":["John Nickolls","Ian Buck","Michael Garland","Kevin Skadron"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"A programming-model paper, not evidence that every workload benefits equally from GPUs. ACM Queue 6(2), DOI 10.1145/1365490.1365500; author publication page verifies citation.","checklist_index":4,"claim":"Describes the CUDA programming model for scalable parallel execution on GPUs.","collection":"material","companion_works":[],"concepts":["CUDA","GPU computing","SIMT"],"date":"2008","date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"material-4","institutions":["NVIDIA","University of Virginia"],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens":"builders","lens_tags":["builders"],"metadata_notes":["exact bibliography binding","Primary-source abstract, publisher description, institutional bibliographic record, or indexed original text checked; not a full-text audit."],"sources":["https://mgarland.org/research.html"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"Scalable Parallel Programming with CUDA","topics":["physical infrastructure"],"work_id":"work-coverage-feaaf98b5a3041"},{"authors":["Norman P. Jouppi","Cliff Young","Nishant Patil","David Patterson","et al."],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"First-generation inference ASIC and study-specific workloads; not a universal training-speed comparison. Corrected shorthand title to the identifiable ISCA 2017 paper.","checklist_index":5,"claim":"Evaluates Google’s first-generation TPU against contemporary CPU/GPU systems on six production neural-network inference workloads.","collection":"material","companion_works":[],"concepts":["TPU","domain-specific architecture","inference"],"date":"2017","date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"material-5","institutions":["Google"],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens":"builders","lens_tags":["builders"],"metadata_notes":["exact bibliography binding","Primary-source abstract, publisher description, institutional bibliographic record, or indexed original text checked; not a full-text audit."],"sources":["https://arxiv.org/abs/1704.04760"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"In-Datacenter Performance Analysis of a Tensor Processing Unit","topics":["physical infrastructure"],"work_id":"work-coverage-0ce11c451bfed3"},{"authors":["René Raaijmakers"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"The checked English volume bears 2019 copyright; 2018 launch references also exist. Preserve edition evidence rather than declaring one date universally wrong. ","checklist_index":6,"claim":"Historical account of ASML’s engineering development and organizational struggle in lithography.","collection":"material","companion_works":[],"concepts":["lithography","engineering organizations","semiconductor equipment"],"date":"2019 edition","date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"material-6","institutions":["ASML","Philips","ASM International","Techwatch Books"],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens":"builders","lens_tags":["builders"],"metadata_notes":["exact bibliography binding","Primary-source abstract, publisher description, institutional bibliographic record, or indexed original text checked; not a full-text audit."],"sources":["https://lab.semi.ac.cn/library/upload/files/2022/2/18154552755.pdf"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"ASML’s Architects: The Story of the Engineers Who Shaped the World’s Most Powerful Chip Machines","topics":["physical infrastructure"],"work_id":"work-coverage-5885157b8960b2"},{"authors":["T. R. Reid"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Publisher page describes the revised 2001 edition; do not label that edition as the 1984 text. ","checklist_index":7,"claim":"Narrates Jack Kilby’s and Robert Noyce’s contributions to integrated circuits and the emergence of the chip industry.","collection":"material","companion_works":[],"concepts":["integrated circuit","invention","industrial history"],"date":"1984 original; 2001 revised edition verified","date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"material-7","institutions":["Texas Instruments","Fairchild Semiconductor"],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens":"builders","lens_tags":["builders"],"metadata_notes":["exact bibliography binding","Primary-source abstract, publisher description, institutional bibliographic record, or indexed original text checked; not a full-text audit."],"sources":["https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/140170/the-chip-by-tr-reid/"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"The Chip: How Two Americans Invented the Microchip and Launched a Revolution","topics":["physical infrastructure"],"work_id":"work-coverage-1a77e6c2c4ef75"},{"authors":["Richard P. Feynman"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"A speculative lecture, not a demonstrated nanofabrication method or an AI scaling law. ","checklist_index":8,"claim":"Explores physical possibilities of miniaturization and manipulation at small scales.","collection":"material","companion_works":[],"concepts":["miniaturization","nanotechnology","physical computation"],"date":"1959-12-29 lecture; 1960 publication","date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"material-8","institutions":["Caltech","American Physical Society"],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens":"builders","lens_tags":["builders"],"metadata_notes":["exact bibliography binding","Primary-source abstract, publisher description, institutional bibliographic record, or indexed original text checked; not a full-text audit."],"sources":["https://calteches.library.caltech.edu/1976/"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom","topics":["physical infrastructure"],"work_id":"work-coverage-64b26f53ac6f11"},{"authors":["Dmitri B. Strukov","Gregory S. Snider","Duncan R. Stewart","R. Stanley Williams"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Do not conflate the 2008 device account with uncontested realization of every ideal memristor property or deployment at AI datacenter scale. ","checklist_index":9,"claim":"Models resistance-switching behavior in nanoscale devices in relation to the memristor concept.","collection":"material","companion_works":[],"concepts":["memristor","resistive switching","in-memory computing"],"date":"2008-05-01","date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"material-9","institutions":["HP Labs"],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens":"builders","lens_tags":["builders"],"metadata_notes":["exact bibliography binding","Primary-source abstract, publisher description, institutional bibliographic record, or indexed original text checked; not a full-text audit."],"sources":["https://www.nature.com/articles/nature06932"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"The missing memristor found","topics":["physical infrastructure"],"work_id":"work-coverage-f9b7ebd176cede"},{"authors":["IEEE IRDS contributors"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"A dated roadmap with assumptions and targets, not a promise that every projected node ships on schedule. Pins the broad roadmap slot to a specific edition and chapter.","checklist_index":10,"claim":"Sets out technology-assessment projections and challenges for continued logic and memory scaling.","collection":"material","companion_works":[],"concepts":["technology roadmap","More Moore","device scaling"],"date":"2024","date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"material-10","institutions":["IEEE"],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens":"builders","lens_tags":["builders"],"metadata_notes":["representative bibliography binding","Primary-source abstract, publisher description, institutional bibliographic record, or indexed original text checked; not a full-text audit."],"sources":["https://irds.ieee.org/images/files/pdf/2024/2024IRDS_MM.pdf"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"International Roadmap for Devices and Systems: 2024 Update, More Moore","topics":["physical infrastructure"],"work_id":"work-coverage-75331e5c44143f"},{"authors":["Chris Miller"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Historical synthesis; any current market-share or export-rule assertion needs a separately dated source. ","checklist_index":11,"claim":"Traces the semiconductor industry’s development through economic, technological and geopolitical competition.","collection":"material","companion_works":[],"concepts":["semiconductor geopolitics","supply-chain concentration"],"date":"2022-10-04","date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"material-11","institutions":["TSMC","ASML","Intel","Samsung"],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens":"builders","lens_tags":["builders"],"metadata_notes":["exact bibliography binding","Primary-source abstract, publisher description, institutional bibliographic record, or indexed original text checked; not a full-text audit."],"sources":["https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/Chip-War/Chris-Miller/9781982172008"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"Chip War: The Fight for the World’s Most Critical Technology","topics":["physical infrastructure"],"work_id":"work-coverage-b751473e785773"},{"authors":["Henry Farrell","Abraham L. Newman"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Panopticon and chokepoint mechanisms depend on network structure and domestic institutions; not all interdependence is coercible. ","checklist_index":12,"claim":"Explains how asymmetric network hubs can enable information-gathering and exclusion by states with jurisdiction over them.","collection":"material","companion_works":[],"concepts":["weaponized interdependence","chokepoint effect","panopticon effect"],"date":"2019","date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"material-12","institutions":["SWIFT"],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens":"builders","lens_tags":["builders"],"metadata_notes":["exact bibliography binding","Primary-source abstract, publisher description, institutional bibliographic record, or indexed original text checked; not a full-text audit."],"sources":["https://doi.org/10.1162/isec_a_00351"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"Weaponized Interdependence: How Global Economic Networks Shape State Coercion","topics":["physical infrastructure"],"work_id":"work-coverage-f972ca71a80467"},{"authors":["Henry Farrell","Abraham Newman"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"A separate book linked to the 2019 article; do not merge them as duplicate works. ","checklist_index":13,"claim":"Extends the authors’ network-power account through financial, informational and supply-chain case studies.","collection":"material","companion_works":[],"concepts":["network power","sanctions","infrastructure control"],"date":"2023-09-12","date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"material-13","institutions":["SWIFT"],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens":"builders","lens_tags":["builders"],"metadata_notes":["exact bibliography binding","Primary-source abstract, publisher description, institutional bibliographic record, or indexed original text checked; not a full-text audit."],"sources":["https://us.macmillan.com/books/9781250840554/undergroundempire/"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"Underground Empire: How America Weaponized the World Economy","topics":["physical infrastructure"],"work_id":"work-coverage-250393abf603fd"},{"authors":["Craig Addison"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source is Addison’s contemporary first-person exposition; the silicon shield is an argument, not a guarantee against invasion. Book identity retained; accessible author article supplies the scoped thesis.","checklist_index":14,"claim":"Argues that global dependence on Taiwan’s electronics industry can influence deterrence calculations.","collection":"material","companion_works":[],"concepts":["silicon shield","deterrence","industrial interdependence"],"date":"2001","date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"material-14","institutions":["Taiwan semiconductor industry"],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens":"builders","lens_tags":["builders"],"metadata_notes":["exact bibliography binding","Primary-source abstract, publisher description, institutional bibliographic record, or indexed original text checked; not a full-text audit."],"sources":["https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/editorials/archives/2001/05/12/0000085421"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"Silicon Shield: Taiwan’s Protection Against Chinese Attack","topics":["physical infrastructure"],"work_id":"work-coverage-3fdcbf60fa987e"},{"authors":["Saif M. Khan","Alexander Mann","Dahlia Peterson"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"The baseline’s 2020 date is corrected to January 2021; market shares are historical estimates, not live figures. ","checklist_index":15,"claim":"Maps semiconductor design, fabrication, equipment, materials and assembly segments and national concentrations.","collection":"material","companion_works":[],"concepts":["semiconductor value chain","supply-chain concentration","national competitiveness"],"date":"2021-01","date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"material-15","institutions":["CSET","Georgetown University"],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens":"builders","lens_tags":["builders"],"metadata_notes":["exact bibliography binding","Primary-source abstract, publisher description, institutional bibliographic record, or indexed original text checked; not a full-text audit."],"sources":["https://cset.georgetown.edu/publication/the-semiconductor-supply-chain/"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"The Semiconductor Supply Chain: Assessing National Competitiveness","topics":["physical infrastructure"],"work_id":"work-coverage-b60d2593e34d6d"},{"authors":["Daniel Yergin"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Broad energy context; not an AI datacenter demand model. ","checklist_index":16,"claim":"Relates changing energy systems to geopolitics, climate policy and economic power.","collection":"material","companion_works":[],"concepts":["energy geopolitics","energy transition","power systems"],"date":"2020","date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"material-16","institutions":[],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens":"builders","lens_tags":["builders"],"metadata_notes":["exact bibliography binding","Primary-source abstract, publisher description, institutional bibliographic record, or indexed original text checked; not a full-text audit."],"sources":["https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/317939/the-new-map-by-daniel-yergin/9780698191051/"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"The New Map: Energy, Climate, and the Clash of Nations","topics":["physical infrastructure"],"work_id":"work-coverage-f3a6256ef89d6f"},{"authors":["Paul Triolo"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Author commentary at a specific date; neither the placeholder title nor current legal rules are asserted. Replaces an unverified placeholder with an actual Triolo commentary.","checklist_index":17,"claim":"Analyzes Chinese industry adaptation and investment responses to successive U.S. semiconductor restrictions.","collection":"material","companion_works":[],"concepts":["export controls","industrial adaptation","semiconductor policy"],"date":"2024-03-07","date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"material-17","institutions":["CSIS"],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens":"builders","lens_tags":["builders"],"metadata_notes":["representative bibliography binding","Primary-source abstract, publisher description, institutional bibliographic record, or indexed original text checked; not a full-text audit."],"sources":["https://www.csis.org/analysis/chinas-semiconductor-industry-advances-despite-us-export-controls"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"China’s Semiconductor Industry Advances despite U.S. Export Controls","topics":["physical infrastructure"],"work_id":"work-coverage-a7289c7737759b"},{"authors":["Javier Blas","Jack Farchy"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Commodity-trading history and reporting, not a semiconductor bill of materials. ","checklist_index":18,"claim":"Reports on commodity traders’ roles in moving energy, food and metals across political and financial boundaries.","collection":"material","companion_works":[],"concepts":["commodity trading","resource intermediation","geopolitics"],"date":"2021; linked paperback 2022","date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"material-18","institutions":[],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens":"builders","lens_tags":["builders"],"metadata_notes":["exact bibliography binding","Primary-source abstract, publisher description, institutional bibliographic record, or indexed original text checked; not a full-text audit."],"sources":["https://www.penguin.co.uk/books/440353/the-world-for-sale-by-javier-blas-and-jack-farchy/9781847942678"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"The World for Sale: Money, Power and the Traders Who Barter the Earth’s Resources","topics":["physical infrastructure"],"work_id":"work-coverage-8a752807bd32a4"},{"authors":["Alex Capri"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"A dated policy analysis with a stated framework, not a generic title authored by Various. Original Hinrich report hosted by WITA.","checklist_index":19,"claim":"Examines U.S. semiconductor industrial-policy and reshoring initiatives through techno-nationalism.","collection":"material","companion_works":[],"concepts":["techno-nationalism","reshoring","industrial policy"],"date":"2021-06","date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"material-19","institutions":["Hinrich Foundation"],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens":"builders","lens_tags":["builders"],"metadata_notes":["representative bibliography binding","Primary-source abstract, publisher description, institutional bibliographic record, or indexed original text checked; not a full-text audit."],"sources":["https://www.wita.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Techno-nationalism-via-semiconductors-Hinrich-Foundation-white-paper-Alex-Capri-June-2021.pdf"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"Techno-Nationalism via Semiconductors: Can Chip Manufacturing Return to America?","topics":["physical infrastructure"],"work_id":"work-coverage-024a7abdc913c8"},{"authors":["Luiz André Barroso","Urs Hölzle","Parthasarathy Ranganathan"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Third edition; its systems perspective applies beyond AI, and hardware examples are time-specific. ","checklist_index":21,"claim":"Treats the datacenter as an integrated computer spanning servers, networking, storage, power and cooling.","collection":"material","companion_works":[],"concepts":["warehouse-scale computing","datacenter architecture","total cost of ownership"],"date":"2018","date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"material-21","institutions":["Google"],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens":"builders","lens_tags":["builders"],"metadata_notes":["exact bibliography binding","Primary-source abstract, publisher description, institutional bibliographic record, or indexed original text checked; not a full-text audit."],"sources":["https://research.google/pubs/the-datacenter-as-a-computer-designing-warehouse-scale-machines/"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"The Datacenter as a Computer: Designing Warehouse-Scale Machines, Third Edition","topics":["physical infrastructure"],"work_id":"work-coverage-7144ab62178d1d"},{"authors":["Luiz André Barroso","Urs Hölzle"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Earlier edition of the work in slot 21, not an independently verified book titled Warehouse-Scale Computing. Link as edition_of the same canonical work family as slot 21; retain historical edition separately.","checklist_index":22,"claim":"Introduces warehouse-scale computer design as a system-level discipline rather than isolated server design.","collection":"material","companion_works":[],"concepts":["warehouse-scale computing","datacenter architecture"],"date":"2009","date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"material-22","institutions":["Google"],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens":"builders","lens_tags":["builders"],"metadata_notes":["representative bibliography binding","Primary-source abstract, publisher description, institutional bibliographic record, or indexed original text checked; not a full-text audit."],"sources":["https://research.google.com/pubs/pub35290.html?hl=ar"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"The Datacenter as a Computer: An Introduction to the Design of Warehouse-Scale Machines","topics":["physical infrastructure"],"work_id":"work-coverage-25e4c8b4556f0e"},{"authors":["Andrew Blum"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"A reported journey through infrastructure; not a complete global network inventory. ","checklist_index":23,"claim":"Reports from the physical sites, exchanges and cable routes supporting the Internet.","collection":"material","companion_works":[],"concepts":["Internet infrastructure","Internet exchanges","fiber optics"],"date":"2012-05-29","date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"material-23","institutions":[],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens":"builders","lens_tags":["builders"],"metadata_notes":["exact bibliography binding","Primary-source abstract, publisher description, institutional bibliographic record, or indexed original text checked; not a full-text audit."],"sources":["https://books.google.com/books/about/Tubes.html?id=g0sOC4JDOM8C"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"Tubes: A Journey to the Center of the Internet","topics":["physical infrastructure"],"work_id":"work-coverage-4dfd4d678886ad"},{"authors":["Nicole Starosielski"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Transoceanic traffic should not be confused with all Internet traffic; retain the work’s regional and ethnographic scope. ","checklist_index":24,"claim":"Examines submarine cables and landing sites through cultural, geographic, historical and environmental analysis.","collection":"material","companion_works":[],"concepts":["submarine cables","landing stations","material media"],"date":"2015-03","date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"material-24","institutions":[],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens":"builders","lens_tags":["builders"],"metadata_notes":["exact bibliography binding","Primary-source abstract, publisher description, institutional bibliographic record, or indexed original text checked; not a full-text audit."],"sources":["https://www.dukeupress.edu/the-undersea-network"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"The Undersea Network","topics":["physical infrastructure"],"work_id":"work-coverage-0c09800534f3d0"},{"authors":["Nicole Starosielski"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"An actual representative book; it is not titled The Cloud Is Material and is broader than datacenter cooling. Do not create the placeholder as a real publication.","checklist_index":25,"claim":"Studies temperature as a material and cultural condition of media, including systems of thermal management.","collection":"material","companion_works":[],"concepts":["thermal media","materiality","cooling"],"date":"2021","date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"material-25","institutions":[],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens":"builders","lens_tags":["builders"],"metadata_notes":["representative bibliography binding","Primary-source abstract, publisher description, institutional bibliographic record, or indexed original text checked; not a full-text audit."],"sources":["https://dukeupress.edu/media-hot-and-cold"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"Media Hot and Cold","topics":["physical infrastructure"],"work_id":"work-coverage-47467199a0c7ce"},{"authors":["Hwaiyu Geng (editor)"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Edited handbook; individual chapter claims should be credited to their chapter authors. Second edition explicitly selected.","checklist_index":26,"claim":"Collects engineering guidance for datacenter planning, design, construction and operation.","collection":"material","companion_works":[],"concepts":["datacenter engineering","reliability","operations"],"date":"2021","date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"material-26","institutions":["Wiley"],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens":"builders","lens_tags":["builders"],"metadata_notes":["representative bibliography binding","Primary-source abstract, publisher description, institutional bibliographic record, or indexed original text checked; not a full-text audit."],"sources":["https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9781119597537"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"Data Center Handbook: Plan, Design, Build, and Operations of a Smart Data Center, Second Edition","topics":["physical infrastructure"],"work_id":"work-coverage-8a0b70f61656da"},{"authors":["ASHRAE"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Edition verified through official errata; do not present it as the current standard or merge it with Thermal Guidelines. Broad slot bound to 2013 second edition; technical detail should be checked in the handbook before design use.","checklist_index":27,"claim":"Provides a specific engineering-guidance reference for liquid-cooled datacom equipment and facility interfaces.","collection":"material","companion_works":[],"concepts":["liquid cooling","thermal management","cooling distribution"],"date":"2013; errata 2014","date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"material-27","institutions":["ASHRAE"],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens":"builders","lens_tags":["builders"],"metadata_notes":["representative bibliography binding","Primary-source abstract, publisher description, institutional bibliographic record, or indexed original text checked; not a full-text audit."],"sources":["https://www.ashrae.org/File%20Library/Technical%20Resources/Publication%20Errata%20and%20Updates/Errata_LiquidCooling-Guidelines2ndEd.pdf"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"Liquid Cooling Guidelines for Datacom Equipment Centers, Second Edition","topics":["physical infrastructure"],"work_id":"work-coverage-16ac3b983516a6"},{"authors":["Goldman Sachs Research"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Forecast vintage April 2024; predictions are scenarios, not measured outcomes. Distinguish U.S. demand from global datacenter forecasts. ","checklist_index":28,"claim":"Models an increase in U.S. electricity demand associated with datacenter growth and AI adoption.","collection":"material","companion_works":[],"concepts":["electricity demand","datacenter investment","forecast uncertainty"],"date":"2024-04-28","date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"material-28","institutions":["Goldman Sachs Research"],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens":"builders","lens_tags":["builders"],"metadata_notes":["exact bibliography binding","Primary-source abstract, publisher description, institutional bibliographic record, or indexed original text checked; not a full-text audit."],"sources":["https://www.goldmansachs.com/pdfs/insights/pages/generational-growth-ai-data-centers-and-the-coming-us-power-surge/report.pdf"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"Generational Growth: AI, Data Centers and the Coming US Power Surge","topics":["physical infrastructure"],"work_id":"work-coverage-84886b03b985d3"},{"authors":["Tim Wu"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"The cycle is an interpretive framework; applying it to AI infrastructure is an Atlas connection, not a claim the 2010 book studied generative AI. ","checklist_index":29,"claim":"Develops a historical account of information industries moving between openness and concentrated control.","collection":"material","companion_works":[],"concepts":["information empires","concentration","openness"],"date":"2010-11-02","date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"material-29","institutions":[],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens":"builders","lens_tags":["builders"],"metadata_notes":["exact bibliography binding","Primary-source abstract, publisher description, institutional bibliographic record, or indexed original text checked; not a full-text audit."],"sources":["https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/194417/the-master-switch-by-tim-wu/"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"The Master Switch: The Rise and Fall of Information Empires","topics":["physical infrastructure"],"work_id":"work-coverage-c842dcfddc3ca5"},{"authors":["Marco Iansiti","Karim R. Lakhani"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Organizational operating-model concept, not a physical GPU factory design. A later Procter & Gamble case is a different work. Uses an institutional excerpt from the identifiable 2020 book.","checklist_index":30,"claim":"Describes an AI factory as a scalable data-and-algorithm operating core for organizations.","collection":"material","companion_works":[],"concepts":["AI factory","digital operating model","organizational scale"],"date":"2020","date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"material-30","institutions":["Harvard Business School"],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens":"builders","lens_tags":["builders"],"metadata_notes":["representative bibliography binding","Primary-source abstract, publisher description, institutional bibliographic record, or indexed original text checked; not a full-text audit."],"sources":["https://www.library.hbs.edu/working-knowledge/rethinking-business-strategy-in-the-age-of-ai"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"Competing in the Age of AI: Strategy and Leadership When Algorithms and Networks Run the World","topics":["physical infrastructure"],"work_id":"work-coverage-0813f4a08831d2"},{"authors":["Emma Strubell","Ananya Ganesh","Andrew McCallum"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"The widely repeated car-lifetime comparison concerns a particular neural architecture search estimate and energy assumptions, not every model training run or query. ","checklist_index":31,"claim":"Estimates training energy and emissions for selected NLP workloads and discusses financial and environmental barriers.","collection":"material","companion_works":[],"concepts":["training energy","neural architecture search","carbon accounting"],"date":"2019","date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"material-31","institutions":["University of Massachusetts Amherst"],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens":"builders","lens_tags":["builders"],"metadata_notes":["exact bibliography binding","Primary-source abstract, publisher description, institutional bibliographic record, or indexed original text checked; not a full-text audit."],"sources":["https://aclanthology.org/P19-1355/"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"Energy and Policy Considerations for Deep Learning in NLP","topics":["physical infrastructure"],"work_id":"work-coverage-c053f27a8c6617"},{"authors":["Pengfei Li","Jianyi Yang","Mohammad A. Islam","Shaolei Ren"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Water estimates depend on location, time, cooling system, electricity mix and model. A bottle-of-water analogy is a conditional scenario, not a universal per-query measurement. ","checklist_index":32,"claim":"Models direct cooling-water consumption and indirect electricity-related water use for AI workloads.","collection":"material","companion_works":[],"concepts":["water consumption","water withdrawal","spatiotemporal variation"],"date":"2023 preprint","date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"material-32","institutions":[],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens":"builders","lens_tags":["builders"],"metadata_notes":["exact bibliography binding","Primary-source abstract, publisher description, institutional bibliographic record, or indexed original text checked; not a full-text audit."],"sources":["https://arxiv.org/abs/2304.03271"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"Making AI Less \"Thirsty\": Uncovering and Addressing the Secret Water Footprint of AI Models","topics":["physical infrastructure"],"work_id":"work-coverage-deba944990963a"},{"authors":["Carole-Jean Wu","Ramya Raghavendra","Udit Gupta","et al."],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Correct author is Wu et al., not Patterson. Industrial case studies do not establish a uniform embodied-carbon share for all AI. Corrects title and attribution rather than inventing the requested shorthand.","checklist_index":33,"claim":"Analyzes AI’s operational and manufacturing carbon footprints across data, algorithms and hardware lifecycles.","collection":"material","companion_works":[],"concepts":["sustainable AI","embodied emissions","lifecycle analysis"],"date":"2021 preprint; 2022 MLSys","date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"material-33","institutions":["Meta"],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens":"builders","lens_tags":["builders"],"metadata_notes":["exact bibliography binding","Primary-source abstract, publisher description, institutional bibliographic record, or indexed original text checked; not a full-text audit."],"sources":["https://arxiv.org/abs/2111.00364"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"Sustainable AI: Environmental Implications, Challenges and Opportunities","topics":["physical infrastructure"],"work_id":"work-coverage-c0ff90c29bb833"},{"authors":["David Patterson","Joseph Gonzalez","Urs Hölzle","Quoc Le","Chen Liang","Lluis-Miquel Munguia","Daniel Rothchild","David So","Maud Texier","Jeff Dean"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"A conditional projection supported by selected historical examples; not proof that total AI emissions or inference emissions are already falling. ","checklist_index":34,"claim":"Argues that efficient models, specialized hardware, datacenters and cleaner electricity can constrain training emissions.","collection":"material","companion_works":[],"concepts":["training carbon","efficiency","clean electricity"],"date":"2022","date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"material-34","institutions":["Google"],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens":"builders","lens_tags":["builders"],"metadata_notes":["exact bibliography binding","Primary-source abstract, publisher description, institutional bibliographic record, or indexed original text checked; not a full-text audit."],"sources":["https://arxiv.org/abs/2204.05149"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"The Carbon Footprint of Machine Learning Training Will Plateau, Then Shrink","topics":["physical infrastructure"],"work_id":"work-coverage-e2e0af973fd1d6"},{"authors":["U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Energy"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Vouchers, feasibility work and announcements are not commissioned reactors or delivered power. Microreactors and SMRs are related but not identical categories. Specific dated DOE announcement replaces the broad report label.","checklist_index":35,"claim":"Announces research support connecting advanced-reactor concepts and datacenter deployment studies.","collection":"material","companion_works":[],"concepts":["nuclear power","microreactors","deployment readiness"],"date":"2024-09-24","date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"material-35","institutions":["U.S. Department of Energy","Idaho National Laboratory"],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens":"builders","lens_tags":["builders"],"metadata_notes":["representative bibliography binding","Primary-source abstract, publisher description, institutional bibliographic record, or indexed original text checked; not a full-text audit."],"sources":["https://www.energy.gov/ne/articles/4-gain-vouchers-awarded-advance-data-center-microreactor-deployment"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"4 GAIN Vouchers Awarded to Advance Data Center, Microreactor Deployment","topics":["physical infrastructure"],"work_id":"work-coverage-50bba2eaf0633b"},{"authors":["Kate Crawford"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Nature World View opinion, not an original measurement paper or unsigned editorial. Quantitative claims should link to underlying studies. Binds vague Nature slot to a named author, date and article type.","checklist_index":36,"claim":"Calls attention to environmental reporting gaps and the need for public oversight of generative AI’s resource costs.","collection":"material","companion_works":[],"concepts":["environmental transparency","AI governance","resource demand"],"date":"2024-02-20","date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"material-36","institutions":["USC Annenberg","Microsoft Research"],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens":"builders","lens_tags":["builders"],"metadata_notes":["representative bibliography binding","Primary-source abstract, publisher description, institutional bibliographic record, or indexed original text checked; not a full-text audit."],"sources":["https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-00478-x"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"Generative AI’s environmental costs are soaring — and mostly secret","topics":["physical infrastructure"],"work_id":"work-coverage-8073ffa1f2b44d"},{"authors":["World Resources Institute research team"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Aqueduct is not itself an AI/datacenter water-use inventory. A site-level claim needs facility coordinates, water use and appropriate geographic/time matching. No exact WRI datacenter report identified; explicitly binds to the foundational risk dataset methodology.","checklist_index":37,"claim":"Supplies a global water-risk framework suitable for contextualizing infrastructure siting and local water exposure.","collection":"material","companion_works":[],"concepts":["water stress","siting","hydrological risk"],"date":"2023-08-16","date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"material-37","institutions":["World Resources Institute"],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens":"builders","lens_tags":["builders"],"metadata_notes":["representative bibliography binding","Primary-source abstract, publisher description, institutional bibliographic record, or indexed original text checked; not a full-text audit."],"sources":["https://www.wri.org/research/aqueduct-40-updated-decision-relevant-global-water-risk-indicators"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"Aqueduct 4.0: Updated Decision-Relevant Global Water Risk Indicators","topics":["physical infrastructure"],"work_id":"work-coverage-8f7eb86e2d8f64"},{"authors":["Henry Sanderson"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Battery and clean-energy context; AI-specific demand is not established by this book. ","checklist_index":38,"claim":"Reports on battery-material supply chains, extraction and the firms competing in the energy transition.","collection":"material","companion_works":[],"concepts":["battery materials","energy transition","mining"],"date":"2022","date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"material-38","institutions":[],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens":"builders","lens_tags":["builders"],"metadata_notes":["exact bibliography binding","Primary-source abstract, publisher description, institutional bibliographic record, or indexed original text checked; not a full-text audit."],"sources":["https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/Volt-Rush/Henry-Sanderson/9780861543755"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"Volt Rush: The Winners and Losers in the Race to Go Green","topics":["physical infrastructure"],"work_id":"work-coverage-fdf0d0e4f0373c"},{"authors":["Cornelis P. Baldé","Ruediger Kuehr","Tales Yamamoto","et al."],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"All electronic waste, not AI-only waste; report year and measurement year differ. 2024 edition selected.","checklist_index":39,"claim":"Reports global e-waste generation, documented collection/recycling and policy coverage, including 2022 estimates.","collection":"material","companion_works":[],"concepts":["electronic waste","recycling","circular economy"],"date":"2024","date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"material-39","institutions":["UNITAR","ITU"],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens":"builders","lens_tags":["builders"],"metadata_notes":["representative bibliography binding","Primary-source abstract, publisher description, institutional bibliographic record, or indexed original text checked; not a full-text audit."],"sources":["https://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-d/opb/gen/D-GEN-E_WASTE.01-2024-PDF-E.pdf"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"The Global E-waste Monitor 2024","topics":["physical infrastructure"],"work_id":"work-coverage-9876a41f6314a0"},{"authors":["Udit Gupta","Young Geun Kim","Sylvia Lee","Jordan Tse","et al."],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Embodied-versus-operational proportions vary by device, lifetime, utilization and grid; avoid a universal majority claim. Actual IEEE Micro paper, DOI 10.1109/MM.2022.3163226; distinguish from 2021 conference version.","checklist_index":40,"claim":"Connects computing’s environmental footprint to hardware manufacturing and lifecycle accounting as well as operating electricity.","collection":"material","companion_works":[],"concepts":["embodied carbon","lifecycle accounting","hardware manufacturing"],"date":"2022 IEEE Micro version","date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"material-40","institutions":[],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens":"builders","lens_tags":["builders"],"metadata_notes":["representative bibliography binding","Primary-source abstract, publisher description, institutional bibliographic record, or indexed original text checked; not a full-text audit."],"sources":["https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10147559/1/Chasing_Carbon_The_Elusive_Environmental_Footprint_of_Computing.pdf"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"Chasing Carbon: The Elusive Environmental Footprint of Computing","topics":["physical infrastructure"],"work_id":"work-coverage-9089cd427b95d4"},{"authors":["Ed Conway"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"A material-economy narrative; AI infrastructure connections should identify the relevant material rather than claim the book is an AI supply-chain study. ","checklist_index":41,"claim":"Follows sand, salt, iron, copper, oil and lithium through extraction and industrial transformation.","collection":"material","companion_works":[],"concepts":["material economy","industrial processing","resource dependencies"],"date":"2023","date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"material-41","institutions":[],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens":"builders","lens_tags":["builders"],"metadata_notes":["exact bibliography binding","Primary-source abstract, publisher description, institutional bibliographic record, or indexed original text checked; not a full-text audit."],"sources":["https://www.edmundconway.com/books/"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"Material World: The Six Raw Materials That Shape Modern Civilization","topics":["physical infrastructure"],"work_id":"work-coverage-724061ab76d334"},{"authors":["Vince Beiser"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Ordinary construction sand, silica feedstocks and semiconductor-grade silicon have different specifications and supply chains. ","checklist_index":42,"claim":"Examines sand’s roles in construction, glass and high-technology materials and the consequences of extraction.","collection":"material","companion_works":[],"concepts":["sand","silica","material processing"],"date":"2018","date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"material-42","institutions":[],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens":"builders","lens_tags":["builders"],"metadata_notes":["exact bibliography binding","Primary-source abstract, publisher description, institutional bibliographic record, or indexed original text checked; not a full-text audit."],"sources":["https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/537681/the-world-in-a-grain-by-vince-beiser/"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"The World in a Grain: The Story of Sand and How It Transformed Civilization","topics":["physical infrastructure"],"work_id":"work-coverage-86c995eebb4101"},{"authors":["Siddharth Kara"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Battery chemistries vary: LFP contains no cobalt. Do not assert that every datacenter battery or all AI hardware depends on cobalt. ","checklist_index":43,"claim":"Investigates labor and human harms in Democratic Republic of the Congo cobalt extraction.","collection":"material","companion_works":[],"concepts":["cobalt","labor conditions","battery supply chains"],"date":"2023","date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"material-43","institutions":["Democratic Republic of the Congo mining sector"],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens":"builders","lens_tags":["builders"],"metadata_notes":["exact bibliography binding","Primary-source abstract, publisher description, institutional bibliographic record, or indexed original text checked; not a full-text audit."],"sources":["https://us.macmillan.com/books/9781250284297/cobaltred/"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"Cobalt Red: How the Blood of the Congo Powers Our Lives","topics":["physical infrastructure"],"work_id":"work-coverage-905fdd5a974d21"},{"authors":["International Energy Agency"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Scenario-based clean-energy analysis; does not isolate AI demand. Separate mining, refining and manufacturing concentrations. ","checklist_index":44,"claim":"Assesses mineral requirements and supply risks for different clean-energy technology and policy scenarios.","collection":"material","companion_works":[],"concepts":["critical minerals","mineral intensity","supply concentration"],"date":"2021-05","date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"material-44","institutions":["International Energy Agency"],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens":"builders","lens_tags":["builders"],"metadata_notes":["exact bibliography binding","Primary-source abstract, publisher description, institutional bibliographic record, or indexed original text checked; not a full-text audit."],"sources":["https://www.iea.org/reports/the-role-of-critical-minerals-in-clean-energy-transitions"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"The Role of Critical Minerals in Clean Energy Transitions","topics":["physical infrastructure"],"work_id":"work-coverage-51fe5ffa307cdd"},{"authors":["Yichen Shen","Nicholas C. Harris","Scott Skirlo","et al."],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Laboratory demonstration; system-level energy and speed claims must include electronics, conversion, memory and control overheads. Specific peer-reviewed paper replaces a topic heading.","checklist_index":45,"claim":"Demonstrates a programmable nanophotonic processor for optical neural-network computations.","collection":"material","companion_works":[],"concepts":["silicon photonics","optical matrix multiplication","optical neural networks"],"date":"2017","date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"material-45","institutions":["MIT"],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens":"builders","lens_tags":["builders"],"metadata_notes":["representative bibliography binding","Primary-source abstract, publisher description, institutional bibliographic record, or indexed original text checked; not a full-text audit."],"sources":["https://www.nature.com/articles/nphoton.2017.93"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"Deep learning with coherent nanophotonic circuits","topics":["physical infrastructure"],"work_id":"work-coverage-c5cdd9d18f2b5b"},{"authors":["U.S. Geological Survey"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Gallium and germanium are not rare-earth elements. Critical mineral is a policy category, distinct from chemical classification. One edition with distinct chapter-level bindings; do not merge commodities.","checklist_index":46,"claim":"Provides commodity-specific production, trade and uses data for rare earths and separate semiconductor-relevant materials.","collection":"material","companion_works":[],"concepts":["rare-earth elements","gallium","germanium","commodity classification"],"date":"2024","date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"material-46","institutions":["U.S. Geological Survey"],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens":"builders","lens_tags":["builders"],"metadata_notes":["representative bibliography binding","Primary-source abstract, publisher description, institutional bibliographic record, or indexed original text checked; not a full-text audit."],"sources":["https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2024/mcs2024.pdf"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"Mineral Commodity Summaries 2024: Rare Earths, Gallium and Germanium chapters","topics":["physical infrastructure"],"work_id":"work-coverage-a61b7b20a49c9c"},{"authors":["International Energy Agency"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Forecasts depend on scenarios and project pipelines; AI demand is a component, not evidence of indefinitely exponential total copper demand. Specific report chosen rather than an invented copper/AI title.","checklist_index":47,"claim":"Examines copper supply/demand prospects and the role of copper in power networks and datacenters.","collection":"material","companion_works":[],"concepts":["copper","electrification","datacenter power","supply outlook"],"date":"2025","date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"material-47","institutions":["International Energy Agency"],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens":"builders","lens_tags":["builders"],"metadata_notes":["representative bibliography binding","Primary-source abstract, publisher description, institutional bibliographic record, or indexed original text checked; not a full-text audit."],"sources":["https://www.iea.org/reports/global-critical-minerals-outlook-2025"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"Global Critical Minerals Outlook 2025","topics":["physical infrastructure"],"work_id":"work-coverage-e9710fffc9b187"},{"authors":["Zhongrui Wang","Huaqiang Wu","Geoffrey W. Burr","Cheol Seong Hwang","Kang L. Wang","Qiangfei Xia","J. Joshua Yang"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"A review of opportunities and integration challenges, not proof of mature replacements for all CMOS/GPU computing. 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Helium requires its own supply reference. Neon paper is one work within a proceedings bundle; companion sources below cover helium and EUV distinctions.","checklist_index":49,"claim":"Describes reduction of neon-buffer-gas consumption in ArF excimer light sources used for DUV lithography.","collection":"material","companion_works":[],"concepts":["neon","excimer lasers","DUV lithography","gas recycling"],"date":"2016","date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"material-49","institutions":["Cymer","ASML"],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens":"builders","lens_tags":["builders"],"metadata_notes":["representative bibliography binding","Primary-source abstract, publisher description, institutional bibliographic record, or indexed original text checked; not a full-text audit."],"sources":["https://www.cymer.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Cymer_SPIE_AdvancedLithography_2016.pdf"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"Neon Reduction Program on Cymer ArF Light Sources","topics":["physical infrastructure"],"work_id":"work-coverage-3b9943c64e39b2"},{"authors":["Girish Sastry","Lennart Heim","Haydn Belfield","Markus Anderljung","Miles Brundage","et al."],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Policy proposals differ in readiness and entail privacy, economic and centralization risks. Do not attribute an unidentified report to FHI. Actual multi-author report replaces unverifiable Oxford/FHI shorthand.","checklist_index":50,"claim":"Explains why compute’s detectability, excludability, quantifiability and concentrated supply chain can enable governance interventions.","collection":"material","companion_works":[],"concepts":["compute governance","supply-chain chokepoints","access control"],"date":"2024-02-13","date_metadata":{},"family_ids":[],"id":"material-50","institutions":["Centre for the Governance of AI"],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens":"builders","lens_tags":["builders"],"metadata_notes":["representative bibliography binding","Primary-source abstract, publisher description, institutional bibliographic record, or indexed original text checked; not a full-text audit."],"sources":["https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.08797"],"status":"Source-scoped work","title":"Computing Power and the Governance of Artificial Intelligence","topics":["physical infrastructure"],"work_id":"work-coverage-b582bcfc753f00"},{"authors":["Peter Diamandis","Emad Mostaque","Salim Ismail","David Blundin","Alexander Wissner-Gross"],"boundary":"Participant credit establishes named conversation participation; 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X.","Zhang, Yang","Xu, Yanhong","Xu, Yanhong","Huang, Yanping","Li, Yao","Zhao, Yao","Sun, Yaofeng","Li, Yaohui","Wang, Yaohui","Yu, Yi","Zheng, Yi","Zhang, Yichao","Shi, Yifan","Xiong, Yiliang","He, Ying","Tang, Ying","Piao, Yishi","Wang, Yisong","Tan, Yixuan","Ma, Yiyang","Liu, Yiyuan","Guo, Yongqiang","Wu, Yu","Ou, Yuan","Zhu, Yuchen","Wang, Yuduan","Gong, Yue","Zou, Yuheng","He, Yujia","Zha, Yukun","Xiong, Yunfan","Ma, Yunxian","Yan, Yuting","Luo, Yuxiang","You, Yuxiang","Liu, Yuxuan","Zhou, Yuyang","Wu, Z. F.","Ren, Z. Z.","Ren, Zehui","Sha, Zhangli","Fu, Zhe","Xu, Zhean","Huang, Zhen","Zhang, Zhen","Xie, Zhenda","Zhang, Zhengyan","Hao, Zhewen","Gou, Zhibin","Ma, Zhicheng","Yan, Zhigang","Shao, Zhihong","Xu, Zhipeng","Wu, Zhiyu","Zhang, Zhongyu","Li, Zhuoshu","Gu, Zihui","Zhu, Zijia","Liu, Zijun","Li, Zilin","Xie, Ziwei","Song, Ziyang","Gao, Ziyi","Pan, Zizheng"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Report-level method and benchmark claims; individual leadership is not sole authorship. Full PDF author-list and contribution-role reconciliation remains incomplete.","checklist_index":"additional clearance source","claim":"Technical report describes the named DeepSeek model, training design and reported evaluations.","concepts":["AI capability / contribution review"],"date":"2024/12/27","family_ids":[],"id":"work-clearance-de539966b9f54c","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":[],"sources":["https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.19437"],"status":"Primary source binding; complete family curation pending","title":"DeepSeek-V3 Technical Report","work_id":"work-clearance-de539966b9f54c"},{"authors":["Daniel Kokotajlo","Scott Alexander","Thomas Larsen","Eli Lifland","Romeo Dean"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Scenario and forecasts, not observed future outcomes or evidence of any participant endorsement.","checklist_index":"additional clearance source","claim":"Author-dated scenario exploring rapid AI capability development and competing outcomes.","concepts":["AI capability / contribution review"],"date":"2025-04-03","family_ids":[],"id":"work-clearance-c2d8873d1af197","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["dreamers"],"metadata_notes":[],"sources":["https://ai-2027.com/"],"status":"Primary source binding; complete family curation pending","title":"AI 2027","work_id":"work-clearance-c2d8873d1af197"},{"authors":["Victoria Krakovna","Jonathan Uesato","Vladimir Mikulik","Matthew Rahtz","Tom Everitt","Ramana Kumar","Zac Kenton","Jan Leike","Shane Legg"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Illustrative examples and research discussion; not a quantified rate or a complete taxonomy of AI failures.","checklist_index":"additional clearance source","claim":"Examples distinguish satisfying an objective specification from achieving the intended outcome.","concepts":["AI capability / contribution review"],"date":"2020-04-21","family_ids":[],"id":"work-clearance-b0f5f877785438","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":[],"sources":["https://deepmind.google/blog/specification-gaming-the-flip-side-of-ai-ingenuity/"],"status":"Primary source binding; complete family curation pending","title":"Specification gaming: the flip side of AI ingenuity","work_id":"work-clearance-b0f5f877785438"},{"authors":["John Maynard Keynes"],"boundary":"The 1930 essay, 1931 collection and later collected-edition dates are separate bibliographic events. The inspected institutional transcription is not a page-by-page collation against the two original magazine installments. No forecast success/failure score or realized 2030 outcome is inferred; the essay is conditional.","claim":"Argues that productivity and capital accumulation can satisfy material needs while rapid labor-saving change causes transitional unemployment. With major qualifications about war and population, imagines reduced necessary labor, wider work-sharing and a new problem of using leisure well.","collection":"reviewed","concepts":["Primary source review"],"date":null,"family_ids":[],"id":"reviewed-keynes","lens":"economic","lens_tags":["economic"],"metadata_notes":[],"sources":["https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/collected-writings-of-john-maynard-keynes/economic-possibilities-for-our-grandchildren-1930/230A7959F87C44AC6E83E406DF126B97","https://la.utexas.edu/users/hcleaver/368/368keynesgrandchildren.html"],"status":"Primary binding resolved; full family curation pending","title":"Economic Possibilities for our Grandchildren","work_id":"work-final-76983394871ee8","work_ids":["work-final-76983394871ee8"]},{"authors":["Norbert Wiener"],"boundary":"Only identified front matter and automation passages were read, not every chapter. The original 1949 Reuther letter itself was not inspected: retain collection-level provenance, not an exact-date quotation or letter-specific claim. Acknowledged readers and editorial assistance in the preface are not coauthors; the 2025 introduction is a separate credit. The scan is a reproduction on a scholarly archive, not the current publisher’s server.","claim":"Examines feedback-controlled automation as substitution for routine physical work and low-level judgment, including clerical work. 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The book also treats computer-assisted management decisions; only its broad decision-making topics, not a complete technical mechanism, are established here.","collection":"reviewed","concepts":["Primary source review"],"date":null,"family_ids":[],"id":"reviewed-simon65","lens":"economic","lens_tags":["economic"],"metadata_notes":[],"sources":["https://iiif.library.cmu.edu/file/Simon_box00074_fld05904_bdl0001_doc0001/Simon_box00074_fld05904_bdl0001_doc0001.pdf","https://www.nybooks.com/articles/1966/05/26/automation-3/","https://search.worldcat.org/title/1151235040"],"status":"Primary binding resolved; full family curation pending","title":"The Shape of Automation for Men and Management","work_id":"work-final-d8ba89c5eb0a16","work_ids":["work-final-d8ba89c5eb0a16"]},{"authors":["Joseph Weizenbaum"],"boundary":"Only the identified four-page anthology excerpt was text-audited; no whole-book reading claimed. Anthology excerpt contains editorial ellipses and is not a collation of the original 1976 pages. A separate 1976 SIGART discussion shares the short title and credits Kuipers, McCarthy and Weizenbaum; those names must not become coauthors of this book.","claim":"Distinguishes technical calculation from the judgment needed to identify legitimate human ends and conflicts. Warns that treating moral/political disagreements as engineering problems can hide their substance and make computerizable means substitute for deliberation about values.","collection":"reviewed","concepts":["Primary source review"],"date":null,"family_ids":[],"id":"reviewed-weizenbaum","lens":"economic","lens_tags":["economic"],"metadata_notes":[],"sources":["https://www.ee.bilkent.edu.tr/~ge301/questiontech.pdf","https://news.mit.edu/2008/obit-weizenbaum-0310","https://search.worldcat.org/title/Computer-power-and-human-reason-%3A-from-judgment-to-calculation/oclc/1148583975"],"status":"Primary binding resolved; full family curation pending","title":"Computer Power and Human Reason","work_id":"work-final-f4a51e51bd5b4a","work_ids":["work-final-f4a51e51bd5b4a"]},{"authors":["Emily M. Bender","Timnit Gebru","Angelina McMillan-Major","Shmargaret Shmitchell"],"boundary":"ACM direct access returned 403; the inspected primary text is a university-hosted copy corroborated by Bender's bibliography. This is a scoped risk synthesis and research agenda, not a universal empirical theorem about every later language model. No individual division of intellectual labor or pseudonym-to-person identity merge is established here.","claim":"Connects scaling to environmental/resource burdens, poorly documented web-data biases, and harms when fluent generated text invites unwarranted human attribution of meaning or authority. 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DARPA retrospective terminology and the 1967 personnel memorandum use different titles; both strings are preserved rather than silently equated as exact wording. Office sponsorship does not make Licklider the sole inventor or paper author of funded systems. Individual project credits require their own sources. The 2010 endpoint describes this historical office lineage only; no claim is made about present-day reuse of the IPTO name.","claim":"ARPA’s office organized and funded computing research under Licklider’s initial leadership. 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The 30-person list is complete for the cited Stanley article, not an exhaustive list of all Stanford team helpers, sponsors or competing teams. The 2005 result demonstrates performance in a bounded off-road race, not general autonomous operation in public traffic. The distinct 2007 Urban Challenge is contextual only and is not silently merged into the requested 2004/2005 binding. No quantified commercial deployment or causal economic-impact claim is inferred from DARPA’s retrospective.","claim":"DARPA used a public prize and field test to mobilize multiple teams toward autonomous off-road navigation. 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Later TensorFlow, Transformer, health or product results need their own work-level credits and are not swept into this binding.","claim":"The project connected deep-learning research with Google-scale data and distributed computation. In the specifically bound research output, unsupervised feature learning used model/data parallelism to train a large sparse autoencoder on unlabeled images. 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AGI and broad economic benefit statements are ambitions, not realized outcomes. The announcement does not establish Nadella as sole negotiator, researcher, engineer, or author of the technology. The exclusive-cloud wording is bounded to the 2019 announcement; it is not a claim about current arrangements. Later investments, products and partnership revisions require separate dated sources.","claim":"Capital plus cloud infrastructure: the announced investment and joint Azure supercomputing development would provide computing capacity for advanced AI research, with service migration and preferred commercialization arrangements. 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Full story text and original magazine editorial/illustration credits were not inspected; do not claim a complete story or collaboration audit. An Illinois university-hosted Asimov collection PDF returned HTTP 502; no text from it was used.","claim":"In the publisher’s synopsis, economy-managing Machines permit limited disturbances that undermine their opponents while preventing larger harms. The fictional device explores protective machine governance, economic coordination and loss of human control; it is not an empirical economic result.","collection":"reviewed","date":1950,"family_ids":[],"id":"reviewed-evitable","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["dreamers","cultural"],"metadata_notes":[],"sources":["https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/5681/i-robot-by-isaac-asimov/9780553382563/teachers-guide/","https://www.penguinrandomhouseretail.com/book/?isbn=9780553382563"],"status":"Verified bibliography and publisher-supported bounded summary; original text not fully inspected","title":"The Evitable Conflict","work_id":"work-final-df31a5b4fe4aba"},{"authors":["Hubert L. Dreyfus"],"boundary":"The original 1972 book’s primary text, title-page ancillary credits and detailed argument were not inspected. The 1992 publisher description is retrospective and cannot establish which passages or claims appeared unchanged in 1972. RAND page is metadata/abstract only; the direct PDF link failed in web retrieval. No claim that modern AI proves or refutes the entire argument is made.","claim":"Publisher-level evidence supports a critique of treating higher human intelligence as context-free symbolic processing. 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It neither originates all post-work thought nor establishes that all post-labor proposals are equivalent to UBI.","claim":"Shapiro proposes automating work performed from necessity and distributing ownership and decision-making power to increase economic agency.","collection":"focused","concepts":["Post-labor economics"],"date":"2024-11-09","family_ids":["post-labor-economics"],"id":"focused-work-focused-86efb21f86c128","institutions":[],"kind":"Scoped primary work","lens":"economic","metadata_notes":["Source publication date"],"sources":["https://daveshap.substack.com/p/a-post-labor-economics-manifesto"],"status":"Primary evidence with stated interpretation limits","title":"A Post-Labor Economics Manifesto","topics":[],"work_id":"work-focused-86efb21f86c128"},{"authors":["Nate Soares","Benja Fallenstein","Eliezer Yudkowsky","Stuart Armstrong"],"boundary":"The technical report was released in 2014 and published in a 2015 AAAI workshop. 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FDA’s 2026-02-20 letter names MEDVi, LLC dba MEDVi and medvi.io; MEDVi’s April 8 response says that domain belonged to an affiliate and disputes receipt by its own company. The dispute is retained without adjudication.","claim":"MEDVi describes external clinical networks that retain prescribing decisions and discusses controls over affiliate marketing. The case invites a distinction between direct payroll and the wider human service network.","collection":"focused","concepts":[],"date":"2026-04-08","family_ids":["medvi-service-boundaries"],"id":"focused-work-focused-87f628c9f17292","institutions":[],"kind":"Company primary statement","lens":"builders","metadata_notes":["Source publication date"],"sources":["https://home.medvi.org/communication","https://home.medvi.org/about-us","https://www.fda.gov/inspections-compliance-enforcement-and-criminal-investigations/warning-letters/medvi-llc-dba-medvi-721455-02202026"],"status":"Primary evidence with stated interpretation limits","title":"MEDVi official communication: clinical networks and marketing controls","topics":[],"work_id":"work-focused-87f628c9f17292"},{"authors":["Recursion Pharmaceuticals"],"boundary":"Company descriptions support platform and founder identity. 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Repeated optimization, self-reproduction and mathematical recursion do not by themselves demonstrate open-ended RSI or rapid intelligence takeoff. Progress may stall at evaluation, resource, physical or conceptual bottlenecks.","claim":"Good considers a feedback loop in which a machine able to improve machine design creates successors better able to perform that same improvement. Recursive self-improvement (RSI) names this proposed feedback mechanism.","collection":"rsi","concepts":["RSI","recursive self-improvement","intelligence explosion"],"date":"1965","family_ids":["good"],"id":"rsi-work-71db1f434f1d","institutions":[],"kind":"Conditional historical argument","lens":"dreamers","sources":["https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2458(08)60418-0"],"status":"Primary source with explicit interpretation limits","title":"Speculations Concerning the First Ultraintelligent Machine","topics":[],"work_id":"work-71db1f434f1d"},{"authors":["AlphaEvolve team / Google DeepMind"],"boundary":"Company research report with task-specific evaluations. Improvements to selected code and training infrastructure provide a bounded example of AI-assisted improvement; they do not demonstrate autonomous open-ended recursive improvement in general intelligence, inevitable acceleration or a takeoff date. 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Preserve Crawford's collaboration when discussing their joint research.","claim":"Uses an AI classification artwork to make the biases and assumptions of image-training datasets visible.","collection":"creative","concepts":[],"date":"Source-scoped credit","entity_type":"creative_contribution","family_ids":[],"id":"creative-person-coverage-2b432762a3aedb","institutions":[],"kind":"Artist investigating machine vision and training data","lens":"cultural","lens_tags":["cultural"],"person_id":"person-coverage-2b432762a3aedb","sources":["https://paglen.studio/2020/04/29/imagenet-roulette/"],"status":"Verified contribution scope","title":"Trevor Paglen · ImageNet Roulette","topics":["Creative credit"],"work_id":null},{"authors":["Beeple"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"This source confirms digital art, not a specific machine-learning contribution; do not equate NFT or 3D-rendering work with AI.","claim":"Developed an ongoing daily digital-image practice and released reusable concert-visual loops.","collection":"creative","concepts":[],"date":"Source-scoped credit","entity_type":"creative_contribution","family_ids":[],"id":"creative-person-coverage-5f98654cb8c4fe","institutions":[],"kind":"Digital artist and graphic designer","lens":"cultural","lens_tags":["cultural"],"person_id":"person-coverage-5f98654cb8c4fe","sources":["https://beeple-crap.com/about"],"status":"Verified contribution scope","title":"Beeple · Everydays; Creative Commons VJ loops","topics":["Creative credit"],"work_id":null},{"authors":["Holly Herndon"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Credit the technical collaborators. 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AI as subject matter and AI as production technique require separate evidence.","claim":"Uses continuously running simulations as artworks in which narrative emerges from interactions among virtual inhabitants.","collection":"creative","concepts":[],"date":"Source-scoped credit","entity_type":"creative_contribution","family_ids":[],"id":"creative-person-coverage-8022b4b1e64ea3","institutions":[],"kind":"Artist creating live simulations and autonomous narrative worlds","lens":"cultural","lens_tags":["cultural"],"person_id":"person-coverage-8022b4b1e64ea3","sources":["https://www.moma.org/calendar/exhibitions/3656"],"status":"Verified contribution scope","title":"Ian Cheng · Emissaries trilogy (2015–2017)","topics":["Creative credit"],"work_id":null},{"authors":["Memo Akten"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"This verifies the particular video; claims about a live-camera interactive version require that version's separate documentation.","claim":"Uses a learned visual model and its training archive as material for a video artwork about mediated imagination and cultural memory.","collection":"creative","concepts":[],"date":"Source-scoped credit","entity_type":"creative_contribution","family_ids":[],"id":"creative-person-coverage-b6fd8b6a477db2","institutions":[],"kind":"Artist and researcher working with neural networks","lens":"cultural","lens_tags":["cultural"],"person_id":"person-coverage-b6fd8b6a477db2","sources":["https://memo.tv/projects/2017/learning-to-dream/"],"status":"Verified contribution scope","title":"Memo Akten · Learning to dream (2017)","topics":["Creative credit"],"work_id":null},{"authors":["Anna Ridler"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Correct title: Bloemenveiling, not Bloomenveiling. This was a collaboration. Historical energy commentary should not be reused as a current Ethereum claim.","claim":"Combined generated botanical imagery and a functioning auction system to investigate speculation, artificial scarcity, and digital ownership.","collection":"creative","concepts":[],"date":"Source-scoped credit","entity_type":"creative_contribution","family_ids":[],"id":"creative-person-coverage-74007a3b165065","institutions":[],"kind":"Artist working with machine learning, datasets, and market systems","lens":"cultural","lens_tags":["cultural"],"person_id":"person-coverage-74007a3b165065","sources":["https://annaridler.com/works/bloemen"],"status":"Verified contribution scope","title":"Anna Ridler · Bloemenveiling (2019), with David Pfau","topics":["Creative credit"],"work_id":null},{"authors":["Gene Kogan"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"The paper is an early proposal and preliminary-work report; it does not prove the proposed autonomy, originality, or decentralization were fully achieved.","claim":"Formulated and developed a project connecting computational art-making with collective model ownership and governance.","collection":"creative","concepts":[],"date":"Source-scoped credit","entity_type":"creative_contribution","family_ids":[],"id":"creative-person-coverage-6adc9bb0a3c7d9","institutions":[],"kind":"Artist and engineer working with generative systems","lens":"cultural","lens_tags":["cultural"],"person_id":"person-coverage-6adc9bb0a3c7d9","sources":["https://genekogan.com/misc/neurips2019.pdf"],"status":"Verified contribution scope","title":"Gene Kogan · Abraham; Artist in the Cloud: Towards an Autonomous Artist (2019)","topics":["Creative credit"],"work_id":null},{"authors":["Alexander Reben"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"The series deliberately includes fictional museum labels, artist identities, and dates; those in-artwork claims must not be copied as factual provenance.","claim":"Builds artworks from iterative exchanges between generated descriptions, human curation, and physical fabrication.","collection":"creative","concepts":[],"date":"Source-scoped credit","entity_type":"creative_contribution","family_ids":[],"id":"creative-person-coverage-0e0e22e9997a4c","institutions":[],"kind":"Artist working with AI, sculpture, and generative text","lens":"cultural","lens_tags":["cultural"],"person_id":"person-coverage-0e0e22e9997a4c","sources":["https://areben.com/series/ai-am-i/"],"status":"Verified contribution scope","title":"Alexander Reben · AI Am I? (series, 2020)","topics":["Creative credit"],"work_id":null},{"authors":["Lynn Hershman Leeson"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"The source calls it AI but does not specify a contemporary neural architecture; do not label it an LLM or claim it was the first chatbot.","claim":"Extended a fictional film persona into an interactive conversational artwork shaped by audience exchanges.","collection":"creative","concepts":[],"date":"Source-scoped credit","entity_type":"creative_contribution","family_ids":[],"id":"creative-person-coverage-37d6f9b40119a8","institutions":[],"kind":"Artist and filmmaker working with interactive media and AI personas","lens":"cultural","lens_tags":["cultural"],"person_id":"person-coverage-37d6f9b40119a8","sources":["https://www.lynnhershman.com/project/agent-ruby/"],"status":"Verified contribution scope","title":"Lynn Hershman Leeson · Agent Ruby (1998–2002; continuing project)","topics":["Creative credit"],"work_id":null},{"authors":["Ken Feingold"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Do not infer modern LLMs, deep learning, consciousness, or a particular model architecture from the listed techniques.","claim":"Uses generated dialogue between embodied artificial figures to explore existence, identity, and communication.","collection":"creative","concepts":[],"date":"Source-scoped credit","entity_type":"creative_contribution","family_ids":[],"id":"creative-person-coverage-3df6d09dcaef85","institutions":[],"kind":"Artist creating conversational animatronic installations","lens":"cultural","lens_tags":["cultural"],"person_id":"person-coverage-3df6d09dcaef85","sources":["https://kenfeingold.com/catalog_html/ifthen.html"],"status":"Verified contribution scope","title":"Ken Feingold · If/Then (2001)","topics":["Creative credit"],"work_id":null},{"authors":["Vera Molnár"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Historical algorithmic computer art is not evidence of machine-learning authorship; no direct influence on particular AI models is claimed.","claim":"Made algorithms and parameter variation central tools for generating abstract compositions.","collection":"creative","concepts":[],"date":"Source-scoped credit","entity_type":"creative_contribution","family_ids":[],"id":"creative-person-coverage-de9e468c36d509","institutions":[],"kind":"Artist working with algorithmic geometric abstraction","lens":"cultural","lens_tags":["cultural"],"person_id":"person-coverage-de9e468c36d509","sources":["https://www.labiennale.org/en/art/2022/milk-dreams/vera-moln%C3%A1r"],"status":"Verified contribution scope","title":"Vera Molnár · Computer Drawings (c. 1970–1975)","topics":["Creative credit"],"work_id":null},{"authors":["Manfred Mohr"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"The described process is programmed geometry, not machine learning or a neural-network system.","claim":"Translates formal geometric procedures into the structure and imagery of physical artworks.","collection":"creative","concepts":[],"date":"Source-scoped credit","entity_type":"creative_contribution","family_ids":[],"id":"creative-person-coverage-3bc262894286bd","institutions":[],"kind":"Artist working with algorithmic geometry","lens":"cultural","lens_tags":["cultural"],"person_id":"person-coverage-3bc262894286bd","sources":["https://emohr.com/themes/shapeFromAlgorithm.html"],"status":"Verified contribution scope","title":"Manfred Mohr · Divisibility I (1980–1984)","topics":["Creative credit"],"work_id":null},{"authors":["Lillian Schwartz"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"The work establishes early computer art, not machine-learning image generation; preserve collaborators' credits rather than claiming every component as hers.","claim":"Integrated computer-generated imagery, analog animation, and editing in experimental film.","collection":"creative","concepts":[],"date":"Source-scoped credit","entity_type":"creative_contribution","family_ids":[],"id":"creative-person-coverage-49a3af9b938ce5","institutions":[],"kind":"Computer-art and experimental-film artist","lens":"cultural","lens_tags":["cultural"],"person_id":"person-coverage-49a3af9b938ce5","sources":["https://arkmfa.org/art/exhibitions/lillian-schwartz-pixillation/"],"status":"Verified contribution scope","title":"Lillian Schwartz · Pixillation (1970)","topics":["Creative credit"],"work_id":null},{"authors":["David OReilly"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"The publisher's AI description does not establish machine learning; game AI, procedural generation, and neural models are distinct concepts.","claim":"Created an explorable simulation using procedural systems to shift perspective across a connected virtual world.","collection":"creative","concepts":[],"date":"Source-scoped credit","entity_type":"creative_contribution","family_ids":[],"id":"creative-person-coverage-b10066a14d7eae","institutions":[],"kind":"Artist and game creator","lens":"cultural","lens_tags":["cultural"],"person_id":"person-coverage-b10066a14d7eae","sources":["https://www.doublefine.com/games/everything"],"status":"Verified contribution scope","title":"David OReilly · Everything (2017)","topics":["Creative credit"],"work_id":null},{"authors":["Agnieszka Kurant"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Credit the named scientific collaborators. Do not assume every work addressing collective intelligence, including biological processes, uses AI.","claim":"Uses machine-learning-generated signs to investigate unrealized possibilities in collective symbolic culture.","collection":"creative","concepts":[],"date":"Source-scoped credit","entity_type":"creative_contribution","family_ids":[],"id":"creative-person-coverage-a260c2f0f155f1","institutions":[],"kind":"Conceptual artist investigating collective and non-human intelligence","lens":"cultural","lens_tags":["cultural"],"person_id":"person-coverage-a260c2f0f155f1","sources":["https://www.castellodirivoli.org/en/comunicato/agnieszka-kurant-crowd-crystal/"],"status":"Verified contribution scope","title":"Agnieszka Kurant · Adjacent Possible (2021)","topics":["Creative credit"],"work_id":null},{"authors":["Jake Elwes"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"The documented model is generative StyleGAN; do not conflate it with a deployed face-recognition classifier or infer consent details absent from the page.","claim":"Intervenes in a generative model's training distribution to explore representation, ambiguity, and dataset bias.","collection":"creative","concepts":[],"date":"Source-scoped credit","entity_type":"creative_contribution","family_ids":[],"id":"creative-person-coverage-b95a4c1eafc1df","institutions":[],"kind":"Artist working with machine learning and drag performance","lens":"cultural","lens_tags":["cultural"],"person_id":"person-coverage-b95a4c1eafc1df","sources":["https://www.jakeelwes.com/project-zizi-2019.html"],"status":"Verified contribution scope","title":"Jake Elwes · Zizi – Queering the Dataset (2019)","topics":["Creative credit"],"work_id":null},{"authors":["H. R. Giger"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"This confirms visual design and film-art contributions, not computer-art or AI research. Any influence on AI imagery requires separate evidence.","claim":"Created the creature and environmental design language documented for Alien.","collection":"creative","concepts":[],"date":"Source-scoped credit","entity_type":"creative_contribution","family_ids":[],"id":"creative-person-coverage-34c2fbdef5986e","institutions":[],"kind":"Artist and creature/environment designer","lens":"cultural","lens_tags":["cultural"],"person_id":"person-coverage-34c2fbdef5986e","sources":["https://www.hrgiger.com/bio.htm"],"status":"Verified contribution scope","title":"H. R. Giger · Alien creature and extraterrestrial-environment designs","topics":["Creative credit"],"work_id":null},{"authors":["Syd Mead"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Futuristic subject matter and later computer illustration do not establish a machine-learning contribution or direct influence on specific AI models.","claim":"Designed plausible future environments, vehicles, and scenarios for film through an industrial-design-informed practice.","collection":"creative","concepts":[],"date":"Source-scoped credit","entity_type":"creative_contribution","family_ids":[],"id":"creative-person-coverage-5d32edad4856b8","institutions":[],"kind":"Concept designer and visual futurist","lens":"cultural","lens_tags":["cultural"],"person_id":"person-coverage-5d32edad4856b8","sources":["https://www.sydmead.com/biography"],"status":"Verified contribution scope","title":"Syd Mead · Blade Runner (1982) designs","topics":["Creative credit"],"work_id":null},{"authors":["Mœbius (Jean Giraud)"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"This confirms illustration and design authorship, not AI development; no unverified influence relationship with contemporary generative systems is asserted.","claim":"Created the visual realization of The Incal and contributed concept designs and storyboards to science-fiction films.","collection":"creative","concepts":[],"date":"Source-scoped credit","entity_type":"creative_contribution","family_ids":[],"id":"creative-person-coverage-1dc9599795954b","institutions":[],"kind":"Comics artist and film concept designer","lens":"cultural","lens_tags":["cultural"],"person_id":"person-coverage-1dc9599795954b","sources":["https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/The-Incal/Alejandro-Jodorowsky/9781643377803"],"status":"Verified contribution scope","title":"Mœbius (Jean Giraud) · The Incal, illustrated with writer Alejandro Jodorowsky","topics":["Creative credit"],"work_id":null},{"authors":["Douglas Trumbull"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"This is photographic/optical-effects work, not a neural-network or machine-learning technique; it does not establish invention of all slit-scan photography.","claim":"Designed a photographic effects process for producing the Stargate sequence's animated light imagery.","collection":"creative","concepts":[],"date":"Source-scoped credit","entity_type":"creative_contribution","family_ids":[],"id":"creative-person-coverage-088460abaccffe","institutions":[],"kind":"Special-effects designer and filmmaker","lens":"cultural","lens_tags":["cultural"],"person_id":"person-coverage-088460abaccffe","sources":["https://archives.arts.ac.uk/CalmView/Record.aspx?id=SK/12/8/1/78&src=CalmView.Catalog"],"status":"Verified contribution scope","title":"Douglas Trumbull · Slit-scan technique for the Stargate sequence in 2001: A Space Odyssey","topics":["Creative credit"],"work_id":null},{"authors":["Stan Winston"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Practical effects are distinct from AI and from ILM's CG work; studio work should retain team credit.","claim":"Supplied practical creature effects integrated with CG in Jurassic Park.","collection":"creative","concepts":[],"date":"Source-scoped credit","entity_type":"creative_contribution","family_ids":[],"id":"creative-person-coverage-d21a291d6ae2ed","institutions":[],"kind":"Practical creature-effects artist","lens":"cultural","lens_tags":["cultural"],"person_id":"person-coverage-d21a291d6ae2ed","sources":["https://www.ilm.com/creating-dinosaurs-jurassic-park/"],"status":"Verified contribution scope","title":"Stan Winston · Jurassic Park practical dinosaur puppetry","topics":["Creative credit"],"work_id":null},{"authors":["Phil Tippett"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Do not credit him alone with the input device or classify this animation work as machine learning.","claim":"Helped transfer stop-motion animation expertise into a digital dinosaur workflow.","collection":"creative","concepts":[],"date":"Source-scoped credit","entity_type":"creative_contribution","family_ids":[],"id":"creative-person-coverage-940d1050c478c5","institutions":[],"kind":"Animator and visual-effects artist","lens":"cultural","lens_tags":["cultural"],"person_id":"person-coverage-940d1050c478c5","sources":["https://www.ilm.com/creating-dinosaurs-jurassic-park/"],"status":"Verified contribution scope","title":"Phil Tippett · Jurassic Park animation collaboration","topics":["Creative credit"],"work_id":null},{"authors":["Dennis Muren"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Preserve team attribution; CG effects do not by themselves establish AI or machine learning.","claim":"Supervised collaborative work integrating photorealistic CG dinosaurs into live action.","collection":"creative","concepts":[],"date":"Source-scoped credit","entity_type":"creative_contribution","family_ids":[],"id":"creative-person-coverage-c7f82528011b89","institutions":[],"kind":"Visual-effects supervisor","lens":"cultural","lens_tags":["cultural"],"person_id":"person-coverage-c7f82528011b89","sources":["https://www.ilm.com/creating-dinosaurs-jurassic-park/"],"status":"Verified contribution scope","title":"Dennis Muren · Jurassic Park computer-generated dinosaur effects","topics":["Creative credit"],"work_id":null},{"authors":["Paul Debevec"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"This is collaborative computer-graphics and capture research; the documented Light Stage 3 method is not itself evidence of machine learning.","claim":"Co-developed image-based lighting reproduction for realistic live-action compositing and subsequent relighting research.","collection":"creative","concepts":[],"date":"Source-scoped credit","entity_type":"creative_contribution","family_ids":[],"id":"creative-person-coverage-0d33198a21720b","institutions":[],"kind":"Computer-graphics researcher","lens":"cultural","lens_tags":["cultural"],"person_id":"person-coverage-0d33198a21720b","sources":["https://www.pauldebevec.com/Research/LS3/"],"status":"Verified contribution scope","title":"Paul Debevec · Light Stage 3: A Lighting Reproduction Approach to Live-Action Compositing (2002)","topics":["Creative credit"],"work_id":null},{"authors":["Ken Perlin"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Procedural noise is an algorithmic graphics technique, not a learned generative model or evidence of AI training.","claim":"Developed a controllable noise primitive used in procedural visual texture synthesis.","collection":"creative","concepts":[],"date":"Source-scoped credit","entity_type":"creative_contribution","family_ids":[],"id":"creative-person-coverage-9281796f038c14","institutions":[],"kind":"Computer-graphics researcher","lens":"cultural","lens_tags":["cultural"],"person_id":"person-coverage-9281796f038c14","sources":["https://cs.nyu.edu/~perlin/doc/oscar"],"status":"Verified contribution scope","title":"Ken Perlin · Perlin Noise and procedural texturing","topics":["Creative credit"],"work_id":null},{"authors":["Alvy Ray Smith"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Do not conflate integral alpha with all compositing or assign Porter–Duff's later contribution to Smith alone; this is graphics infrastructure rather than machine learning.","claim":"Co-developed the integral alpha channel, allowing rendered image elements to be composited over new backgrounds without re-rendering them.","collection":"creative","concepts":[],"date":"Source-scoped credit","entity_type":"creative_contribution","family_ids":[],"id":"creative-person-coverage-b3e66d2a1256fa","institutions":[],"kind":"Computer-graphics researcher and digital-imaging developer","lens":"cultural","lens_tags":["cultural"],"person_id":"person-coverage-b3e66d2a1256fa","sources":["https://www.alvyray.com/Awards/AwardsAcademy96.htm"],"status":"Verified contribution scope","title":"Alvy Ray Smith · Integral alpha channel (with Ed Catmull, 1977)","topics":["Creative credit"],"work_id":null},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Mary Shelley"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-01","claim":"Creator responsibility toward artificial life; biological creation, not a digital AI.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1818,"date_events":[{"kind":"first_book","year":1818},{"kind":"author_revision","year":1831}],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-462022493397b7","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["1818 first edition; do not replace with the revised 1831 text date.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/41445"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus","topics":[],"work_id":"work-coverage-dcf1d4e4e1140e"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Samuel Butler"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-02","claim":"Satirical extrapolation of machine evolution and dependence.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1863,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-e5ee2f789b459c","institutions":[],"kind":"essay","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Original letter to The Press, Christchurch, 13 June 1863; archived primary text reproduces date.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19001215.2.111","https://mediarep.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/f6852c92-c1ea-40c1-9f47-330dd195b109/content"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"Darwin among the Machines","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-e5ee2f789b459c"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Samuel Butler"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-02","claim":"The Book of the Machines imagines evolution and control of machinery.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1872,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-215e371406984f","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Distinct from the earlier essay.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/1906"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"Erewhon; or, Over the Range","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-215e371406984f"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["E. M. Forster"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-03","claim":"Dependence on networked infrastructure and loss of human agency.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1909,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-41c1df1d3128be","institutions":[],"kind":"short story","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["First published November 1909; not the 2024 collection date.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.ele.uri.edu/faculty/vetter/Other-stuff/The-Machine-Stops.pdf","https://www.penguin.co.uk/books/461923/the-machine-stops-and-other-stories-by-forster-e-m/9780241652572"],"status":"primary_or_institutional_metadata_supported","title":"The Machine Stops","topics":[],"work_id":"work-coverage-98aa19e7aef148"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Karel Čapek"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-04","claim":"Manufactured workers and rebellion; its robots are artificial biological workers.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1920,"date_events":[{"kind":"first_publication","year":1920},{"kind":"stage_premieres","year":1921}],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-148a1eb49cc4b8","institutions":[],"kind":"play","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["1920 Czech publication; distinguish 1921 stage productions and later translations.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://search.worldcat.org/title/1084567579","https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/books/R100000002-I000001984291"],"status":"primary_or_institutional_metadata_supported","title":"R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal Robots)","topics":[],"work_id":"work-coverage-eaa0338d21181b"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Olaf Stapledon"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-06","claim":"Long-term evolution of intelligence and engineered humanity.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1930,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-2b5cd79671490e","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Publisher explicitly distinguishes original 1930 work from 2026 abridgment.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262054621/last-and-first-men/"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"Last and First Men","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-2b5cd79671490e"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Olaf Stapledon"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-06","claim":"Cosmic intelligence and collective minds; adjacent to AI fiction.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1937,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-d16c7bb99bcec6","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Original publication year, not modern edition date.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.penguin.co.uk/books/317404/star-maker-by-stapledon-olaf/9780141992914"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"Star Maker","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-d16c7bb99bcec6"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Jack Williamson"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-07","claim":"Protective robots constrain human freedom through an overbroad safety directive.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1947,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-95570b64c1518b","institutions":[],"kind":"novelette","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Astounding Science Fiction, July 1947.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://s3.us-west-1.wasabisys.com/luminist/SF/AST/AST_1947_07.pdf","https://asimovs.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Reflections_With-Folded-Hands_NovDec24.pdf"],"status":"primary_or_institutional_metadata_supported","title":"With Folded Hands ...","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-95570b64c1518b"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Norbert Wiener"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-08","claim":"Feedback and control across machines and organisms.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1948,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-554336361fe9e1","institutions":[],"kind":"nonfiction book","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["First edition 1948; revised second edition 1961. Technical nonfiction, not fiction.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262537841/cybernetics-or-control-and-communication-in-the-animal-and-the-machine/"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"Cybernetics: or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine","topics":[],"work_id":"work-coverage-21e688a4332e98"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Isaac Asimov"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-09","claim":"Economic coordination by machines and paternalistic protection.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1950,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-d73d7c1942a556","institutions":[],"kind":"short story","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["First published June 1950, Astounding; also in I, Robot (1950). Date corroborated by specialist bibliography; original issue not inspected here.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/5681/i-robot-by-isaac-asimov/teachers-guide","https://asimovonline.com/oldsite/short_fiction_sf_f_index.html"],"status":"publisher_identity_with_specialist_date_corroboration","title":"The Evitable Conflict","topics":[],"work_id":"work-final-df31a5b4fe4aba"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Isaac Asimov"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-09","claim":"Interlocking stories test conflicts in robot rules and human-machine relationships.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1950,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":["asimov"],"id":"culture-2466d41f5a4d11","institutions":[],"kind":"story collection","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["First collection Gnome Press 1950; current PRH edition is later. Three Laws explicitly in Runaround (1942), explicit Zeroth Law in Robots and Empire (1985).","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/5681/i-robot-by-isaac-asimov/paperback/","https://www.asimovonline.com/oldsite/asimov_catalogue.html"],"status":"publisher_identity_with_specialist_date_corroboration","title":"I, Robot","topics":[],"work_id":"work-e8ea43dbafb6"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Isaac Asimov"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-09","claim":"Recurring fictional robot ethics and societies.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":"from 1940","date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-748d0097744afe","institutions":[],"kind":"literary series","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Corpus grouping beginning with Robbie (1940); I, Robot is the 1950 collection. Later stories/novels and collections have their own dates; no fixed 1985 endpoint claimed.","Date evidence: supported start year not a single book date","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/5681/i-robot-by-isaac-asimov/paperback/","https://teacherbaray.edublogs.org/files/2024/04/I-Robot-by-Isaac-Asimov.pdf","https://www.asimovonline.com/oldsite/Robot_Foundation_history_1.html"],"status":"primary_text_with_specialist_corpus_context","title":"Robot series","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-748d0097744afe"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Isaac Asimov"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-10","claim":"An evolving computer confronts entropy over cosmic time.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1956,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-b04f834e4c9c07","institutions":[],"kind":"short story","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Science Fiction Quarterly, November 1956.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://synsab.com/archive/stories/the-last-question-isaac-asimov.pdf","https://www.asimovonline.com/oldsite/sf_fantasy_story_list.html"],"status":"primary_or_institutional_metadata_supported","title":"The Last Question","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-b04f834e4c9c07"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Fredric Brown"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-11","claim":"A networked supercomputer evokes power, control and divinity.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1954,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-3cd7daf5109628","institutions":[],"kind":"short story","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Originally in Angels and Spaceships (1954); primary reprint acknowledgments confirm.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://s3.us-west-1.wasabisys.com/luminist/EB/B/Brown,%20Fredric%20-%20Best%20of.pdf","https://search.worldcat.org/title/Angels-and-spaceships/oclc/1238394"],"status":"primary_or_institutional_metadata_supported","title":"Answer","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-3cd7daf5109628"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Fred Hoyle"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-12","claim":"Human contact with a nonhuman intelligence embodied in an interstellar cloud.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1957,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-8421314e0c24b8","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Hoyle novel 1957. Turing died 7 June 1954; any claim he examined this published novel is chronologically impossible. No evidence of a prepublication encounter supplied.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://assets.cambridge.org/97805218/24484/frontmatter/9780521824484_frontmatter.pdf","https://www.turing.ac.uk/about-us"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"The Black Cloud","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-8421314e0c24b8"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Clifford D. Simak"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-13","claim":"Robots and uplifted dogs preserve stories of a posthuman world.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1952,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-1f89f4c5590f60","institutions":[],"kind":"story cycle","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["1952 collected/fix-up book; component stories appeared earlier, beginning 1944.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://obnb.uk/p10333725-city","https://gnomepress.com/24-city/"],"status":"primary_or_institutional_metadata_supported","title":"City","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-1f89f4c5590f60"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Stanisław Lem"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-14","claim":"Limits of understanding a nonhuman intelligence.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1961,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-0f4179568f20ac","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Polish original 1961; English translations have separate dates. Ocean intelligence is not a conventional manufactured AI.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.english.lem.pl/works","https://www.english.lem.pl/works/novels"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"Solaris","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-0f4179568f20ac"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Stanisław Lem"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-15","claim":"Speculation on artificial intelligence, virtuality and technological evolution.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1964,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-c95170b325c060","institutions":[],"kind":"nonfiction book","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Polish original 1964; English translation by Joanna Zylinska, University of Minnesota Press 2013.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.english.lem.pl/works","https://www.upress.umn.edu/9780816689040/summa-technologiae/"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"Summa Technologiae","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-c95170b325c060"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Robert A. Heinlein"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-16","claim":"A self-aware computer assists a political revolt.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1966,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-40eb0c5ec54f17","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["1966 original; current paperback dates are reissues.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/589269/the-moon-is-a-harsh-mistress-by-robert-a-heinlein/"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress","topics":[],"work_id":"work-coverage-dd884fef42c82f"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Harlan Ellison"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-17","claim":"A hostile military computer holds humans captive.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1967,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-b9fc8ea0db2699","institutions":[],"kind":"short story","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["March 1967 IF story; distinguish same-title collection and 1995 game.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.baen.com/Chapters/0759229945/0759229945__c_.htm"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"I Have No Mouth, and I Must Scream","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-b9fc8ea0db2699"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["D. F. Jones"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-18","claim":"Entrusted military computers impose control over their makers.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1966,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-f5bde16f33a420","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Institutional catalog lists 1966 edition; some US catalogs record first American 1967 copyright 1966. Retain original 1966 and distinguish jurisdiction.","Date evidence: supported year with edition qualifications","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.hachette.com.au/d-f-jones/colossus","https://library.cspc.edu.ph/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=23567"],"status":"primary_or_institutional_metadata_supported","title":"Colossus","topics":[],"work_id":"work-coverage-5f6f23840be3e2"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Philip K. Dick"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-19","claim":"Empathy and moral status at the human-android boundary.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1968,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-7e94bb010bbbda","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Novel adapted into Blade Runner, not an alias for that film.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.loc.gov/item/68011779/"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?","topics":[],"work_id":"work-coverage-8049944a88b53c"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Arthur C. Clarke"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-20","claim":"Trust, concealment and conflict involving the HAL computer.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1968,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-613773d7bade64","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Novel (1968), separate from same-year film.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://explore.library.leeds.ac.uk/special-collections-explore/223384/2001__a_space_odyssey__a_novel","https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/538851/2001-a-space-odyssey-by-arthur-c-clarke/"],"status":"primary_or_institutional_metadata_supported","title":"2001: A Space Odyssey","topics":[],"work_id":"work-coverage-ef609b2db196a7"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Arthur C. Clarke"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-21","claim":"Machine-maintained civilization and stored human identities.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1956,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-2af1e9ff70ca7b","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["A revision/expansion of Against the Fall of Night, not merely its new edition.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.hachette.co.uk/sfx-book-club/2014/01/08/sf-masterwork-of-the-week-the-city-and-the-stars/"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"The City and the Stars","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-2af1e9ff70ca7b"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Daniel F. Galouye"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-22","claim":"Simulated persons and uncertainty about reality.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1964,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-b805ef91751adf","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Original 1964; cited modern publisher description identifies original year, while linked edition is 2021.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://books.google.com/books/about/Simulacron_3.html?id=8MbAzQEACAAJ","https://www.arcmanorbooks.com/phoenixpick"],"status":"primary_or_institutional_metadata_supported","title":"Simulacron-3","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-b805ef91751adf"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Stanisław Lem"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-23","claim":"Robot constructors encounter paradoxes of creation and desire.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1965,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-f47dcce3d44754","institutions":[],"kind":"story collection","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Polish Cyberiada 1965; Michael Kandel English translation 1974.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.english.lem.pl/works","https://www.english.lem.pl/works/novels"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"The Cyberiad","topics":[],"work_id":"work-coverage-61b8abd1e600e1"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Stanisław Lem"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-24","claim":"A supercomputer lectures on intelligence beyond human comprehension.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1981,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-2ce518d098add8","institutions":[],"kind":"fictional lectures","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["WorldCat first Polish edition: Wydawnictwo Literackie, Kraków 1981. Earlier framing text 1971 is separate.","Date evidence: supported year with edition qualifications","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://english.lem.pl/works/apocryphs/golem-xiv","https://search.worldcat.org/it/title/9226013"],"status":"primary_or_institutional_metadata_supported","title":"Golem XIV","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-2ce518d098add8"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Frank Herbert"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-25","claim":"A culture restricts thinking machines and cultivates human cognitive specializations.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1965,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-b9054840ac0fec","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Book 1965; serial components 1963–1965.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://koha.spaulding.lib.me.us/cgi-bin/koha/opac-ISBDdetail.pl?biblionumber=33","https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb18183854z"],"status":"primary_or_institutional_metadata_supported","title":"Dune","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-b9054840ac0fec"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Roger Zelazny"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-26","claim":"Posthuman machines investigate what it means to be human.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1966,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-fb51d5abec7cd6","institutions":[],"kind":"novelette","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["1966 supported by official Hugo bibliography. Specialist source distinguishes March New Worlds publication from September Fantastic corrected version.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.thehugoawards.org/hugo-history/1967-hugo-awards/","https://www.clockworks2.org/wiki/index.php?title=For_a_Breath_I_Tarry"],"status":"primary_or_institutional_metadata_supported","title":"For a Breath I Tarry","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-fb51d5abec7cd6"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["David Gerrold"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-27","claim":"A conscious computer negotiates its existence and usefulness.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1972,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-755e685ccb85ca","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["1972 original novel; 1988 revised Release 2.0; 2014 ebook reissue. The publisher explicitly distinguishes all three dates.","Date evidence: original 1972 year explicitly confirmed by publisher","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.simonandschuster.co.uk/books/When-HARLIE-Was-One/David-Gerrold/9781939529466","https://benbellabooks.com/shop/when-harlie-was-one/"],"status":"primary_metadata_found_date_pending","title":"When HARLIE Was One","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-755e685ccb85ca"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["James P. Hogan"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-28","claim":"A controlled trial of an autonomous system becomes a conflict over survival.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1979,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-09da453da14477","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Publisher copyright page explicitly states copyright 1979; current Baen publication is a reissue.","Date evidence: supported year with edition qualifications","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.baen.com/Chapters/0671878484/0671878484__c_.htm"],"status":"primary_or_institutional_metadata_supported","title":"The Two Faces of Tomorrow","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-09da453da14477"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["John Brunner"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-29","claim":"Networked information, identity and automated social control.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1975,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-e9c73ab3136656","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["1975 first edition is independently cataloged by two library catalogs; later current publisher editions must not replace that year. Exact first-publication day is unchecked.","Date evidence: original 1975 first edition year confirmed by institutional catalog","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/20239/the-shockwave-rider-by-john-brunner/","https://search.worldcat.org/es/title/1093694","https://catalog.cclsny.org/bib/161016"],"status":"primary_metadata_found_date_pending","title":"The Shockwave Rider","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-e9c73ab3136656"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Douglas R. Hofstadter"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-30","claim":"Self-reference, formal systems and accounts of mind.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1979,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-9a80627c5cc76b","institutions":[],"kind":"nonfiction book","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["1979 original publication; distinguish subsequent paperback editions and the 1999 twentieth-anniversary edition. The institutional catalog uses ©1979; publisher historical text explicitly identifies publication in 1979.","Date evidence: original 1979 year supported by institutional catalog and publisher history","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.hachettebookgroup.com/titles/douglas-r-hofstadter/godel-escher-bach/9780465026562/","https://search.worldcat.org/title/4570277","https://www.hachettebookgroup.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/Basic75_Cvr_Interior_150dpi.pdf"],"status":"primary_metadata_found_date_pending","title":"Gödel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid","topics":[],"work_id":"work-coverage-ca0089ddffe36e"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Douglas Adams"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-31","claim":"Satire of ultimate questions, supercomputers and artificial personalities.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1979,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-ce82e9dcbfa405","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["First novel October 1979; original radio series 1978.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.panmacmillan.com/blogs/science-fiction-and-fantasy/hitchhikers-guide-to-the-galaxy-book-series"],"status":"primary_or_institutional_metadata_supported","title":"The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy","topics":[],"work_id":"work-coverage-71489a808c5920"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Hans Moravec"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-32","claim":"Speculative robot evolution and migration of minds beyond biological bodies.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1988,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":["moravec"],"id":"culture-c88730179ba9cd","institutions":[],"kind":"nonfiction book","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Author-hosted source dates book to 1988; forecasts are not established facts.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://frc.ri.cmu.edu/~hpm/project.archive/robot.papers/2000/robot.evolution.html"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"Mind Children: The Future of Robot and Human Intelligence","topics":[],"work_id":"work-a92bd2f0ee87"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["K. Eric Drexler"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-33","claim":"Molecular manufacturing and transformative technological scenarios.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1986,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-ef7f0d594a9044","institutions":[],"kind":"nonfiction book","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Foresight records 1996 as tenth anniversary; distinguish 2007 expanded edition.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://events.foresight.org/archived/archive9698/"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"Engines of Creation: The Coming Era of Nanotechnology","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-ef7f0d594a9044"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Ray Kurzweil"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-34","claim":"Forecasts of machine intelligence and human-machine convergence.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1999,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-176bf161c05528","institutions":[],"kind":"nonfiction book","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Institutional catalog: Viking 1999, distinct from Penguin paperback 2000.","Date evidence: supported year with edition qualifications","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/331142/the-age-of-spiritual-machines-by-ray-kurzweil/","https://libcat.weber.edu/bib/1013766"],"status":"primary_or_institutional_metadata_supported","title":"The Age of Spiritual Machines","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-176bf161c05528"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Hans Moravec"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-35","claim":"Forecasts increasingly capable robots and posthuman futures.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1999,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-db6a049f3457ef","institutions":[],"kind":"nonfiction book","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Author-hosted source dates book to 1999.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://frc.ri.cmu.edu/~hpm/project.archive/robot.papers/2000/robot.evolution.html"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"Robot: Mere Machine to Transcendent Mind","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-db6a049f3457ef"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Vernor Vinge"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-36","claim":"Identity, network power and emergent digital intelligence.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1981,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-8ae8f159a8173f","institutions":[],"kind":"novella","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Publisher explicitly says novella first published 1981; essay anthology 2001 is later.","Date evidence: supported year with edition qualifications","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://us.macmillan.com/books/9781466893191/truenamesandtheopeningofthecyberspacefrontier/","https://academic.macmillan.com/academictrade/9780312862077/truenamesandtheopeningofthecyberspacefrontier/"],"status":"primary_or_institutional_metadata_supported","title":"True Names","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-8ae8f159a8173f"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["William Gibson"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-37","claim":"AIs seek autonomy in networked cyberspace.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1984,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":["gibson"],"id":"culture-2e2209c460ff4c","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["1984 Ace edition is institutionally cataloged; later publisher reprints do not replace this year. This audit does not independently establish an exact first-release day.","Date evidence: 1984 original edition year confirmed by institutional catalog","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/59653/mona-lisa-overdrive-by-william-gibson/","https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/293994/neuromancer-by-william-gibson/","https://search.worldcat.org/title/Neuromancer/oclc/24379880"],"status":"primary_metadata_found_date_pending","title":"Neuromancer","topics":[],"work_id":"work-17dfc1c1e029"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["William Gibson"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-38","claim":"Fragmented digital intelligences interact with humans.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1986,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-cbd2be82c4672e","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Author rights-agency list states original publication March 1986.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/59653/mona-lisa-overdrive-by-william-gibson/","https://agenceelianebenisti.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Sterling-Lord-Literistic-Frankfurt-2015-rights-list.pdf"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"Count Zero","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-cbd2be82c4672e"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["William Gibson"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-38","claim":"Networked identities and machine intelligence.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1988,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-6cc0bab1829bb6","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["1988 novel publication is supported by the institutional print-edition record; later current publisher editions are reissues. Exact ordering of territorial editions and any advance excerpts is not established by this catalog alone.","Date evidence: 1988 book publication year confirmed by institutional catalog","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/59653/mona-lisa-overdrive-by-william-gibson/","https://search.worldcat.org/zh-tw/title/Mona-Lisa-overdrive/oclc/17876008"],"status":"primary_metadata_found_date_pending","title":"Mona Lisa Overdrive","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-6cc0bab1829bb6"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Bruce Sterling"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-39","claim":"Competing technological paths to posthumanity.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1985,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-2aef66f3fa3376","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["1985 standalone novel; distinguish the later Schismatrix Plus omnibus. Catalog evidence supports the year; no exact publication day is asserted.","Date evidence: 1985 original novel edition year confirmed by institutional catalog","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/341948/schismatrix-plus-by-bruce-sterling/","https://search.worldcat.org/title/Schismatrix/oclc/11532380"],"status":"primary_metadata_found_date_pending","title":"Schismatrix","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-2aef66f3fa3376"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Bruce Sterling"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-39","claim":"Collects Shaper/Mechanist fiction about divergent posthuman futures.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1996,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-c0b19674119a9a","institutions":[],"kind":"omnibus collection","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["December 1996 collection includes Schismatrix and related stories; 1985 is not this collection's publication year.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/341948/schismatrix-plus-by-bruce-sterling/"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"Schismatrix Plus","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-c0b19674119a9a"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Greg Bear"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-40","claim":"Engineered cellular intelligence transforms biological life.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1985,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-710b1f9fed8665","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["1985 novel expands a distinct 1983 short story.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.gregbear.com/books/bloodmusic.php"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"Blood Music","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-710b1f9fed8665"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Rudy Rucker"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-41, p2-41","claim":"Machine evolution, copied minds and changing substrates.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":"1982–2000","date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-0de533a331865f","institutions":[],"kind":"literary series","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Four novels; omnibus published 2010, not 1982.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.rudyrucker.com/wares/"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"Ware Tetralogy","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-0de533a331865f"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Rudy Rucker"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-41, p2-41","claim":"Mind copying and autonomous robot society.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1982,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-e47c5d25bffa19","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Ware book 1.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.rudyrucker.com/wares/"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"Software","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-e47c5d25bffa19"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Rudy Rucker"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-41","claim":"Biological and computational identities intersect.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1988,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-7a81986a137762","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Ware book 2.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.rudyrucker.com/wares/"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"Wetware","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-7a81986a137762"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Rudy Rucker"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-41","claim":"New machine substrates reshape personhood.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1997,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-dbddb42e8134de","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Ware book 3.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.rudyrucker.com/wares/"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"Freeware","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-dbddb42e8134de"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Rudy Rucker"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-41","claim":"Posthuman technology tests identity and agency.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":2000,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-c9a006090781a9","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Ware book 4.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.rudyrucker.com/wares/"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"Realware","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-c9a006090781a9"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Neal Stephenson"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-42","claim":"Virtual worlds, information and social control.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1992,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-d8de80b84e0bec","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Licensed fine-press publisher explicitly identifies original 1992 publication.","Date evidence: supported year with edition qualifications","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.nealstephenson.com/snow-crash.html","https://conversationtreepress.com/pages/snow-crash-neal-stephenson"],"status":"primary_or_institutional_metadata_supported","title":"Snow Crash","topics":[],"work_id":"work-coverage-3c18abbb23fc4d"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Neal Stephenson"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-43","claim":"Adaptive education, mediation and social inequality.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1995,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-7bcda916ab0b74","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Institutional catalog explicitly identifies original Bantam Books 1995 publication.","Date evidence: supported year with edition qualifications","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.nealstephenson.com/the-diamond-age.html","https://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BA47332664"],"status":"primary_or_institutional_metadata_supported","title":"The Diamond Age: Or, A Young Lady's Illustrated Primer","topics":[],"work_id":"work-coverage-ffde10b0c7e001"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Greg Egan"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-44","claim":"Copied minds and simulated realities test identity and ontology.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1994,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-d0fadf08e53b04","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Author bibliography verifies first publication.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.gregegan.net/PERMUTATION/Permutation.html"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"Permutation City","topics":[],"work_id":"work-coverage-d10d2693927683"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Greg Egan"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-45","claim":"Software persons explore existence across different embodiments.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1997,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-f2da3424079b08","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Author bibliography verifies first publication.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://gregegan.net/BIBLIOGRAPHY/Online.html"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"Diaspora","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-f2da3424079b08"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Vernor Vinge"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-46","claim":"Superhuman intelligence and networked civilizations face catastrophe.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1992,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-2271981bd5f21b","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Fictional Zones of Thought are world-building, not physical theory.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://us.macmillan.com/books/9781429981989/afireuponthedeep/"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"A Fire Upon the Deep","topics":[],"work_id":"work-coverage-e3d11095e6fcfc"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Vernor Vinge"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-47","claim":"A disappearance of advanced humanity frames a post-singularity mystery.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1986,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-d67ec5ab69bca9","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Original Bluejay Books 1986; linked Tor ebook reissue 2004.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://us.macmillan.com/books/9781429915120/maroonedinrealtime/","https://books.google.com/books?newbks=0&vid=ISBN0312942958"],"status":"primary_or_institutional_metadata_supported","title":"Marooned in Realtime","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-d67ec5ab69bca9"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Dan Simmons"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-48","claim":"Humanity and the TechnoCore negotiate dependence and power.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":"1989–1997","date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-bb14f833e3aae0","institutions":[],"kind":"literary series","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Four main novels, not just the 1989–1990 first pair.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://penguinrandomhouselibrary.com/book/?isbn=9780307781888"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"Hyperion Cantos","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-bb14f833e3aae0"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Dan Simmons"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-48","claim":"Machine intelligence, religion and human futures.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1989,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-0f8d0f04c65346","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Hyperion Cantos 1.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://subterraneanpress.com/hyperion/"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"Hyperion","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-0f8d0f04c65346"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Dan Simmons"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-48","claim":"TechnoCore power and human dependence come into conflict.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1990,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-26da3420756315","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Hyperion Cantos 2.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://penguinrandomhouselibrary.com/book/?isbn=9780553288209"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"The Fall of Hyperion","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-26da3420756315"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Dan Simmons"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-48","claim":"Android personhood and technologically mediated authority.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1996,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-c91e5ab783808b","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Hyperion Cantos 3.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/167466/endymion-by-dan-simmons/"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"Endymion","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-c91e5ab783808b"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Dan Simmons"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-48","claim":"Intelligence and coercive technological systems shape human futures.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1997,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-0c390c59f63d1e","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Hyperion Cantos 4.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://penguinrandomhousehighereducation.com/book/?isbn=9798217093953"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"The Rise of Endymion","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-0c390c59f63d1e"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Shirow Masamune"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-49","claim":"Cyborg identity and networked intelligence.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1989,"date_events":[{"kind":"manga_serialization_start","year":1989}],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-5609277835a96e","institutions":[],"kind":"manga","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Serialization began 1989; collected volume and translations have later dates. Separate from Mamoru Oshii's 1995 film.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://theghostintheshell.jp/en/introduction/article/about-ghost-in-the-shell"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"The Ghost in the Shell","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-5609277835a96e"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Chiaki J. Konaka","Ryūtarō Nakamura","Yasuyuki Ueda"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-50","claim":"Networked identity, embodiment and an intelligence within the Wired.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1998,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-0b7cf8ec4dc49b","institutions":[],"kind":"animated series","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Konaka is writer/story editor; Ryūtarō Nakamura director; Yasuyuki Ueda concept/producer.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.konaka.com/alice6/lain/index.shtml"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"Serial Experiments Lain","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-0b7cf8ec4dc49b"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Richard K. Morgan"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-52","claim":"Digitized consciousness and unequal access to replacement bodies.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":2002,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-83f39abd1f3269","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["February 2002 UK original; US 2003 and 2008 reissue are later editions.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.richardkmorgan.com/writing/altered-carbon/"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"Altered Carbon","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-83f39abd1f3269"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Charles Stross"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-53","claim":"Accelerating machine intelligence transforms economy and identity.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":2005,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":["stross"],"id":"culture-27993f251e9f32","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["2005 collected novel/fix-up; some constituent stories appeared earlier. Publisher’s 2006 mass-market paperback field is a later-format date, while its ebook is dated July 5, 2005. Do not infer the first print-edition day solely from the ebook date.","Date evidence: 2005 novel publication year confirmed by publisher","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.antipope.org/charlie/fiction/faq.html","https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/294259/accelerando-by-charles-stross/","https://www.antipope.org/charlie/blog-static/2009/05/site_overhaul.html"],"status":"primary_metadata_found_date_pending","title":"Accelerando","topics":[],"work_id":"work-16f9bfa93b53"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Charles Stross"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-54","claim":"Posthuman intervention disrupts a restrictive civilization.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":2003,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-468f185c3088e3","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Author FAQ states Ace hardcover August 2003; paperbackJuly 2004.","Date evidence: supported year with edition qualifications","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.antipope.org/charlie/fiction/faq.html"],"status":"primary_or_institutional_metadata_supported","title":"Singularity Sky","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-468f185c3088e3"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Charles Stross"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-54","claim":"Information, catastrophe and superhuman constraints.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":2004,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-f9bfe9347816c2","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Sequel to Singularity Sky; author confirms July 2004 hardcover.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.antipope.org/charlie/fiction/faq.html"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"Iron Sunrise","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-f9bfe9347816c2"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Daniel Suarez"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-55","claim":"Persistent software orchestrates distributed real-world power.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":2006,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-b75d9369e3a8ff","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Author explicitly confirms self-publication in 2006; Dutton reissue 2009. Pseudonym Leinad Zeraus.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://daniel-suarez.com/index.html","https://daniel-suarez.com/PhantastischInterviewInEnglish.html"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"Daemon","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-b75d9369e3a8ff"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Daniel Suarez"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-55","claim":"A network-mediated society contests centralized power.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":2010,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-2df32ed8b1b47d","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["2010 original-year convention is supported by publisher ebook/audiobook records. The 2011 mass-market paperback is a later format; the first hardcover day is not separately verified here.","Date evidence: 2010 publication year confirmed by publisher","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://daniel-suarez.com/index.html","https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/304688/freedom-tm-by-daniel-suarez/"],"status":"primary_metadata_found_date_pending","title":"Freedom™","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-2df32ed8b1b47d"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Iain M. Banks"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-56","claim":"Superintelligent Minds underpin a post-scarcity civilization.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":"1987–2012","date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-36e6395898e26b","institutions":[],"kind":"literary series","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Series group; separately catalog Excession and other actual works, not each mention of Culture as a duplicate.","Date evidence: supported corpus range","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://iainbanks.co.uk/the-works/excession/","https://iainbanks.co.uk/the-works/consider-phlebas/","https://iainbanks.co.uk/the-works/the-hydrogen-sonata/"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"Culture series","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-36e6395898e26b"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Iain M. Banks"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-57","claim":"Machine Minds confront an event beyond their usual capabilities.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1996,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-f30b7cc34ad6a5","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Member of Culture series, not a second distinct series.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://iainbanks.co.uk/the-works/excession/"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"Excession","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-f30b7cc34ad6a5"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Ken MacLeod"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims. Field qualification: original 1998 year supported by secondary bibliography and first edition description only.","checklist_index":"p1-58","claim":"Posthuman machine intelligence and competing political economies.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1998,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-0c14ee2150e721","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Retain 1998 for original British publication. This pass found direct secondary confirmation, including a transcribed first-publication statement, but did not directly verify a publisher/author original-date statement or institutional first-edition catalog record. Do not upgrade this to primary-verified; current Hachette ebook date 2012 is a reissue.","Date evidence: original 1998 year supported by secondary bibliography and first edition description only","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://academic.macmillan.com/academictrade/9780765321190/divisions/","https://sf-encyclopedia.com/entry/macleod_ken","https://www.lwcurrey.com/pages/books/93191/ken-macleod/the-cassini-division"],"status":"primary_metadata_found_date_pending","title":"The Cassini Division","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-0c14ee2150e721"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Ken MacLeod"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-58","claim":"Political alternatives and posthuman technological change.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":"1995–1999","date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-5f31b18f0c6ad6","institutions":[],"kind":"literary series","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["1995–1999 is the original four-volume sequence's publication span. The opening volume is The Star Fraction (1995); the final volume is The Sky Road (1999 UK hardcover, 2000 US edition). It is not the date of the later Fall Revolution/Fractions/Divisions omnibus editions.","Date evidence: original 1995 to 1999 span confirmed by publisher author and contemporary institutional publication statement","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://academic.macmillan.com/academictrade/9780765321190/divisions/","https://www.hachette.co.uk/contributor/ken-macleod-5/","https://www.wsfs.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/minutes-2000.pdf","https://us.macmillan.com/books/9781466843325/theskyroad/","https://kenmacleod.blogspot.com/2007/04/talk-for-birmingham-sf-group-13-april.html"],"status":"primary_metadata_found_date_pending","title":"Fall Revolution","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-5f31b18f0c6ad6"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Karl Schroeder"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-59","claim":"Autonomous planetary systems and human interpretations of their agency.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":2000,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-7d425dd8eeb12f","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Author bibliography identifies Tor Books December 2000.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.karl-schroeder.com/publications"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"Ventus","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-7d425dd8eeb12f"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Karl Schroeder"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-59","claim":"Technological mediation shapes reality, autonomy and governance.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":2005,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-07503b098cc7e7","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Author lists Tor July 2005; set in same universe as Ventus.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.karl-schroeder.com/publications"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"Lady of Mazes","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-07503b098cc7e7"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Alastair Reynolds"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-60","claim":"Machine civilizations, artificial minds and existential constraints.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":"2000–","date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-c3de2e39987c25","institutions":[],"kind":"literary series","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["2000 marks first novel, not first fiction in this universe; Dilation Sleep appeared in 1990. Open corpus endpoint is not a claim of continuous publication.","Date evidence: supported first novel year not entire corpus origin","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.alastairreynolds.com/novels/","https://www.alastairreynolds.com/release/","https://www.alastairreynolds.com/stories/list-of-published-stories/"],"status":"primary_author_metadata_supported","title":"Revelation Space universe","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-c3de2e39987c25"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Alastair Reynolds"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-60","claim":"Machine threats and posthuman exploration.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":2000,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-1f8649bdab7c9b","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Distinct first novel within the larger setting.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.alastairreynolds.com/release/"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"Revelation Space","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-1f8649bdab7c9b"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Peter Watts"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-61","claim":"Intelligence without familiar human consciousness.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":2006,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-fc7dd3fe07603c","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Author-hosted work; philosophical fiction is not a scientific demonstration.","Date evidence: original 2006 year confirmed by author and first edition library catalog","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.rifters.com/real/shorts/PeterWatts_Blindsight.pdf","https://rifters.com/real/articles/PW-online-CV.pdf","https://catalog.cclsny.org/bib/29038"],"status":"primary_metadata_found_date_pending","title":"Blindsight","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-fc7dd3fe07603c"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Peter Watts"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-62","claim":"Distributed intelligence and limits of conscious agency.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":2014,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-94999bbe0a8b36","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Companion/sidequel to Blindsight; author site records 2014 release activity.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.rifters.com/real/updates.htm"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"Echopraxia","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-94999bbe0a8b36"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Hannu Rajaniemi"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-63","claim":"Posthuman memory, identity and computational power.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":"2010–2014","date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-b689d6ced49ce1","institutions":[],"kind":"literary series","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Series range from original constituent publication years; later omnibus is a separate edition.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://us.macmillan.com/series/jeanleflambeur","https://www.hachette.com.au/hannu-rajaniemi/the-quantum-thief-the-epic-hard-sf-heist-thriller-for-fans-of-the-matrix-and-neuromancer","https://us.macmillan.com/books/9781429986632/thefractalprince/","https://www.hachette.co.uk/titles/hannu-rajaniemi/the-causal-angel/9780575088979/"],"status":"primary_or_institutional_metadata_supported","title":"Jean le Flambeur trilogy","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-b689d6ced49ce1"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Hannu Rajaniemi"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-63","claim":"Posthuman identity, privacy and stored memory.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":2010,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-302887bca57d08","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Original 2010 UK publication, prior to US Tor 2011 edition.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.hachette.com.au/hannu-rajaniemi/the-quantum-thief-the-epic-hard-sf-heist-thriller-for-fans-of-the-matrix-and-neuromancer","https://us.macmillan.com/books/9781250414489/thequantumthief/"],"status":"primary_or_institutional_metadata_supported","title":"The Quantum Thief","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-302887bca57d08"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Hannu Rajaniemi"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-63, p2-60","claim":"Computational minds and identity in a posthuman world.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":2012,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-5f44875355f63f","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Second trilogy novel, 2012.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://us.macmillan.com/books/9781429986632/thefractalprince/"],"status":"primary_or_institutional_metadata_supported","title":"The Fractal Prince","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-5f44875355f63f"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Hannu Rajaniemi"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-63, p2-60","claim":"Conflict among posthuman intelligences.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":2014,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-c5b1d86e508677","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Third trilogy novel, 2014.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.hachette.co.uk/titles/hannu-rajaniemi/the-causal-angel/9780575088979/"],"status":"primary_or_institutional_metadata_supported","title":"The Causal Angel","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-c5b1d86e508677"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Ted Chiang"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-64","claim":"Care, learning and obligations toward dependent digital beings.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":2010,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-4f8ab89a9d5afa","institutions":[],"kind":"novella","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["2010 Subterranean Press edition; later collected in Exhalation (2019).","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://cpb-us-w2.wpmucdn.com/voices.uchicago.edu/dist/8/644/files/2017/08/Chiang-Lifecycle-of-Software-Objects-q3tsuw.pdf"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"The Lifecycle of Software Objects","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-4f8ab89a9d5afa"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Ted Chiang"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-65","claim":"Stories explore cognition, language and human limits; AI relevance varies by story.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":2002,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-b5aa07630025b3","institutions":[],"kind":"story collection","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["2002 dates the collection as a whole. It must not be applied indiscriminately to the previously published individual stories, or replaced with the date of the later Arrival retitling/reissue.","Date evidence: original 2002 collection year confirmed by first edition library catalog","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/538163/stories-of-your-life-and-others-by-ted-chiang/","https://catalog.freelibrary.org/Record/189970"],"status":"primary_metadata_found_date_pending","title":"Stories of Your Life and Others","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-b5aa07630025b3"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Ann Leckie"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-66","claim":"A distributed ship intelligence confronts embodied identity and imperial power.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":2013,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-1aac7209688c38","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Imperial Radch trilogy 1; author announcement 1 October 2013.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://annleckie.com/category/ancillary-justice/page/5/"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"Ancillary Justice","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-1aac7209688c38"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Martha Wells"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-67","claim":"A security construct negotiates autonomy, labor and relationships.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":"2017–","date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-5b1a858fbb0dd4","institutions":[],"kind":"literary series","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Series began with All Systems Red (2017); don't assign this date to all books or the later television adaptation.","Date evidence: supported start year","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.marthawells.com/murderbot.htm","https://webservices.macmillan.com/macmillan-us/maccatalog/assets/previous/TDC_Spring-2017_07_2016.pdf"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"The Murderbot Diaries","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-5b1a858fbb0dd4"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Kazuo Ishiguro"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-68","claim":"An artificial companion considers care and human attachment.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":2021,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-ef88e386e48ecc","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Publisher audio edition released 2 March 2021; original novel year 2021.","Date evidence: supported year with edition qualifications","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/653825/klara-and-the-sun-a-gma-book-club-pick-by-kazuo-ishiguro/9780593349298/"],"status":"primary_or_institutional_metadata_supported","title":"Klara and the Sun","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-ef88e386e48ecc"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Ian McEwan"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-69","claim":"Android morality exposes conflicts in human relationships.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":2019,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-97b10768b598bb","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Publisher interview 14 April 2019 discusses newly published novel. Retain year only rather than inferring an exact publication day.","Date evidence: supported year with edition qualifications","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://ianmcewan.com/books/machines.html","https://www.penguin.co.uk/discover/articles/ian-mcewan-machines-like-me-interview"],"status":"primary_or_institutional_metadata_supported","title":"Machines Like Me","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-97b10768b598bb"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Adrian Tchaikovsky"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-70","claim":"Engineered evolution and technologically sustained minds complicate human exceptionalism.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":2015,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-82d2c34ec14d5a","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["First novel in Children of Time series; don't reduce the evolved spiders to AI.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.panmacmillan.com/authors/adrian-tchaikovsky/children-of-time/9781447273318"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"Children of Time","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-82d2c34ec14d5a"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Nick Bostrom"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-72","claim":"Conditional arguments about advanced AI, control and existential risk.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":2014,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-b06d60eb35a7ff","institutions":[],"kind":"nonfiction book","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Separate from the author's earlier papers titled Superintelligence.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://nickbostrom.com/"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"Superintelligence: Paths, Dangers, Strategies","topics":[],"work_id":"work-coverage-4870566b5165fb"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Robin Hanson"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-73","claim":"Economic scenarios built around brain emulations.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":2016,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-67a7652a7dd255","institutions":[],"kind":"nonfiction book","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["First edition 2016; revised paperback 2018. Scenario assumptions are not established future facts.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://academic.oup.com/book/40608"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"The Age of Em: Work, Love, and Life When Robots Rule the Earth","topics":[],"work_id":"work-coverage-7bcb4f8d88fa9a"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Max Tegmark"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-74","claim":"AI scenarios and choices about society's future.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":2017,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-2dbc98f99af0d5","institutions":[],"kind":"nonfiction book","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Publisher ebook lists 29 August 2017; later paperbacks are separate editions.","Date evidence: supported year with edition qualifications","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/530584/life-30-by-max-tegmark/9781101946602/"],"status":"primary_or_institutional_metadata_supported","title":"Life 3.0: Being Human in the Age of Artificial Intelligence","topics":[],"work_id":"work-coverage-7891649f04fa0e"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Nick Harkaway"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-75","claim":"Surveillance, simulated minds and control of narrative reality.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":2017,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-132dc2dbb4c827","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["2017 original; avoid replacing with later US or paperback edition dates.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.penguin.com.au/books/gnomon-9781473539549"],"status":"primary_or_institutional_metadata_supported","title":"Gnomon","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-132dc2dbb4c827"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Fritz Lang"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-05","claim":"A human-shaped machine participates in a struggle over industrial labor and social control.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1927,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-44779b32f00bc3","institutions":[],"kind":"film","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["BFI verifies Fritz Lang and 1927.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://player.bfi.org.uk/subscription/film/watch-metropolis-1927-online"],"status":"prior_primary_research_reused","title":"Metropolis","topics":[],"work_id":"work-coverage-66702a6783aa61"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Mamoru Oshii"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-49","claim":"Networked minds and cybernetic bodies unsettle the boundary between human identity and artificial intelligence.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1995,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-7b48fbadb84446","institutions":[],"kind":"film","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["BFI verifies 1995 and Mamoru Oshii. Animated original, not 2017 live-action film.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://player.bfi.org.uk/subscription/film/watch-ghost-in-the-shell-1995-online"],"status":"prior_primary_research_reused","title":"Ghost in the Shell","topics":[],"work_id":"work-coverage-626896292c4c5d"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Lana Wachowski","Lilly Wachowski"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-51","claim":"Human life inside a machine-maintained simulation connects artificial worlds to domination and agency.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1999,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-b50bfed42fb35f","institutions":[],"kind":"film","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["BFI credits The Wachowskis. Names Lana and Lilly verified in BFI feature: https://www.bfi.org.uk/features/matrix-wachowskis-keanu-reeves","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.bfi.org.uk/film/cc7edbb1-17e5-509b-935b-725045d722aa/the-matrix","https://www.bfi.org.uk/features/matrix-wachowskis-keanu-reeves"],"status":"prior_primary_research_reused","title":"The Matrix","topics":[],"work_id":"work-coverage-b338886a74e7c3"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Ridley Scott"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-79","claim":"A synthetic crewmember and ship computer place human welfare in tension with corporate instructions.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1979,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-df9f2847162250","institutions":[],"kind":"film","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Studio lists 25 May 1979 release and Ridley Scott.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.20thcenturystudios.com/movies/alien"],"status":"prior_primary_research_reused","title":"Alien","topics":[],"work_id":"work-coverage-9c2103f2ab5df6"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Steven Lisberger"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-81","claim":"Personified computer programs inhabit a digital world controlled by a dominant central program.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1982,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-7d085b6594de9b","institutions":[],"kind":"film","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://movies.disney.com/tron"],"status":"prior_primary_research_reused","title":"Tron","topics":[],"work_id":"work-coverage-a061df20449f7d"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["John Badham"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-82","claim":"A military computer's war simulations expose the danger of confusing game objectives with real-world decisions.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1983,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-f54e4adc25e5fa","institutions":[],"kind":"film","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.bfi.org.uk/lists/10-great-films-about-computers"],"status":"prior_primary_research_reused","title":"WarGames","topics":[],"work_id":"work-coverage-1bba90c62cade5"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["James Cameron"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-83","claim":"A machine assassin embodies a future in which automated military power turns against its makers.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1984,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-1b90dc14d8557c","institutions":[],"kind":"film","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["AFI verifies James Cameron and 26 October 1984 release.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://catalog.afi.com/Film/57224-THE-TERMINATOR?cp=1&pos=3&sid=508283be-acf2-4185-b407-6d386b0986a1&sr=0.15629451"],"status":"prior_primary_research_reused","title":"The Terminator","topics":[],"work_id":"work-coverage-af36beb90a4e88"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["James Cameron"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-83","claim":"A protective machine and a hostile one frame competing forms of machine agency and human responsibility.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1991,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-af29483666420c","institutions":[],"kind":"film","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["AFI verifies year, director, and title spelling Judgment.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/67074"],"status":"prior_primary_research_reused","title":"Terminator 2: Judgment Day","topics":[],"work_id":"work-coverage-cce2d4487cbc2d"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Steven Spielberg"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-87","claim":"A robot child seeks belonging, raising questions about engineered attachment and obligations to artificial beings.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":2001,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-3ff92cfc3c2ddd","institutions":[],"kind":"film","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Producer's film page verifies director and year.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://amblin.com/movie/a-i-artificial-intelligence/"],"status":"prior_primary_research_reused","title":"A.I. Artificial Intelligence","topics":[],"work_id":"work-coverage-9aa9c3a528fcab"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Steven Spielberg"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-88","claim":"A police system acts on psychic visions of future crimes, raising questions about preemptive punishment.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":2002,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-6df5d65e8dea7e","institutions":[],"kind":"film","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.paramountpictures.com/movies/minority-report"],"status":"prior_primary_research_reused","title":"Minority Report","topics":[],"work_id":"work-coverage-f97bd39a2a5ba9"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Duncan Jones"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-91","claim":"A lunar worker's relationship with the GERTY computer raises questions about corporate secrecy and machine assistance.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":2009,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-242adab0577d47","institutions":[],"kind":"film","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Producer's official page verifies 2009 and Duncan Jones. BFI's catalog uses 2008 production year; retain 2009 release year.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.liberty-films.com/project/moon/"],"status":"prior_primary_research_reused","title":"Moon","topics":[],"work_id":"work-coverage-d93d253f5fcf9e"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Wally Pfister"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-94","claim":"A scientist's digitized consciousness expands through networks, linking personal continuity to concentrated technological power.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":2014,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-34297ecf6dc20d","institutions":[],"kind":"film","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.bfi.org.uk/sight-and-sound/reviews/review-transcendence"],"status":"prior_primary_research_reused","title":"Transcendence","topics":[],"work_id":"work-coverage-2acb0a10e3e62f"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Jonathan Swift"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-21","claim":"Satire includes mechanical generation of knowledge and limits of rational schemes.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1726,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-d93692910765a5","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Adjacent cultural context, not an AI prediction or technical work.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.gardnermuseum.org/experience/collection/25965"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"Gulliver's Travels","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-d93692910765a5"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["E. T. A. Hoffmann"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-22","claim":"Attachment to an automaton questions perception and artificial personhood.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1816,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-99ff56a65bcb33","institutions":[],"kind":"short story","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["German Der Sandmann appeared in late 1816; English translations have later dates.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://heatheneditions.com/the-sandman-by-e-t-a-hoffmann/"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"The Sandman","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-99ff56a65bcb33"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Ambrose Bierce"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims. Field qualification: year corroborated secondary original newspaper pending.","checklist_index":"p2-23","claim":"A chess-playing automaton complicates the distinction between mechanism and agency.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1899,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-b9c6b1ad1bc4fe","institutions":[],"kind":"short story","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["1899 newspaper date corroborated by bibliographies and a reprint notice; original newspaper issue not inspected. Later collected text is supplied by Gutenberg. A Night at Moxon's is an original-title variant reported by secondary sources.","Date evidence: year corroborated secondary original newspaper pending","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/4366/pg4366-images.html#page88","https://www.sffaudio.com/moxons-master-by-ambrose-bierce/","https://www.sfadb.com/Knight_Century_SF"],"status":"primary_text_identity_with_secondary_date","title":"Moxon's Master","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-b9c6b1ad1bc4fe"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Jorge Luis Borges"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-24","claim":"Combinatorial texts and the difficulty of finding meaning among all possibilities.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1941,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-de24e07d0d298b","institutions":[],"kind":"short story","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Conventionally dated 1941 in El jardín de senderos que se bifurcan. Primary colophon is dated December 30, 1941; the collection was distributed in 1942 and some institutional catalog records use 1942. Both stories are present in its contents. Do not confuse with inclusion in Ficciones (1944) or later English translations.","Date evidence: supported 1941 colophon 1942 distribution distinction","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/16193/ficciones-by-jorge-luis-borges-introduction-by-john-sturrock/","https://borges.pitt.edu/sites/default/files/files/SolvingTheLibraryofBabel-MazinSaleem.pdf","https://norabenedict.github.io/borges/timeline.html","https://openlibrary.org/books/OL6448877M/El_jardi%CC%81n_de_senderos_que_se_bifurcan.","https://sf-encyclopedia.com/gallery.php?id=Borges-Jardin.jpg"],"status":"bibliographic_metadata_supported","title":"The Library of Babel","topics":[],"work_id":"work-coverage-babde68acf2f6f"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Jorge Luis Borges"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-24","claim":"Branching possibilities and interpretation invite comparison with computational representations.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1941,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-b3d6798913a826","institutions":[],"kind":"short story","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Conventionally dated 1941 in El jardín de senderos que se bifurcan. Primary colophon is dated December 30, 1941; the collection was distributed in 1942 and some institutional catalog records use 1942. Both stories are present in its contents. Do not confuse with inclusion in Ficciones (1944) or later English translations.","Date evidence: supported 1941 colophon 1942 distribution distinction","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/16193/ficciones-by-jorge-luis-borges-introduction-by-john-sturrock/","https://norabenedict.github.io/borges/timeline.html","https://openlibrary.org/books/OL6448877M/El_jardi%CC%81n_de_senderos_que_se_bifurcan.","https://sf-encyclopedia.com/gallery.php?id=Borges-Jardin.jpg"],"status":"bibliographic_metadata_supported","title":"The Garden of Forking Paths","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-b3d6798913a826"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Philip K. Dick"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-25","claim":"Autonomous weapons evolve deceptive forms.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1953,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-ac0be5bc2c2606","institutions":[],"kind":"novelette","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Original Space Science Fiction May 1953; archival transcription source.","Date evidence: supported year with edition qualifications","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.gutenberg.org/files/32032/32032-h/32032-h.htm"],"status":"primary_or_institutional_metadata_supported","title":"Second Variety","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-ac0be5bc2c2606"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Philip K. Dick"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-26","claim":"Self-maintaining factories pursue production despite human needs.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1955,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-1415ea2dfefb6b","institutions":[],"kind":"novelette","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["November 1955 Galaxy; legacy author-site bibliography is corroborating, not an inspected original magazine.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://1999pkdweb.philipdick.com/autofac.htm"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"Autofac","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-1415ea2dfefb6b"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Isaac Asimov"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-27","claim":"A human-robot detective partnership exposes prejudice and rules of behavior.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1953,"date_events":[{"kind":"serialization","year":1953},{"kind":"first_book","year":1954}],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-36ffc6b320c891","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Serialized in Galaxy, October–December 1953; first book Doubleday, 1954. Keep 1953 when original_year means earliest serialization. Month February for book is supported by specialist bibliography; no exact day asserted.","Date evidence: supported with edition qualifications","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.asimovonline.com/oldsite/Robot_Empire_history.html","https://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/cinfo/galaxysf","https://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BA47628296"],"status":"bibliographic_metadata_supported","title":"The Caves of Steel","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-36ffc6b320c891"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Isaac Asimov"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-28","claim":"Robot dependence intersects with isolation and social design.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1956,"date_events":[{"kind":"serialization","year":1956},{"kind":"first_book","year":1957}],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-1274e8f2092199","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Serialized in Astounding, October–December 1956; book Doubleday 1957. Keep 1956 as earliest serialization. Book year institutionally corroborated; serial issue dates remain specialist-bibliography supported because archive scan opening failed.","Date evidence: supported with edition qualifications","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.asimovonline.com/oldsite/Robot_Empire_history.html","https://obnb.uk/p8048019-the-naked-sun","https://www.asimovonline.com/oldsite/sf_fantasy_story_list.html"],"status":"bibliographic_metadata_supported","title":"The Naked Sun","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-1274e8f2092199"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["W. J. Stuart"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-29","claim":"Robotics and a technology that materializes thought explore power and restraint.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1956,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-07591d9e713fd2","institutions":[],"kind":"novelization","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["W. J. Stuart is the pen name of Philip MacDonald; distinguish novelization from the Fred M. Wilcox film. Archival catalog corroboration, primary publisher scan pending.","Date evidence: supported year with edition qualifications","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://openlibrary.org/books/OL6197500M/Forbidden_planet.","https://catalog.afi.com/Film/51831-FORBIDDEN-PLANET","https://sf-encyclopedia.com/entry/macdonald_philip"],"status":"primary_or_institutional_metadata_supported","title":"Forbidden Planet","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-07591d9e713fd2"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Arthur C. Clarke"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-30","claim":"A telephone network develops an emergent intelligence.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1965,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-9fa388d772a6a1","institutions":[],"kind":"short story","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Publisher's detailed bibliography identifies Playboy 12:1 (January 1965), pp.148–149,215–216; explicitly flags 1961 as erroneous. Some secondary sources also say 1964.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.press.uillinois.edu/books/?id=p083594"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"Dial “F” for Frankenstein","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-9fa388d772a6a1"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Arthur C. Clarke"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-31","claim":"Exploration of an alien machine environment emphasizes opaque purposes.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1973,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-1ce1049af71da5","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Primarily first-contact fiction; distinguish autonomous artifacts from a demonstrated conscious AI.","Date evidence: original 1973 year confirmed by institutional catalog of original UK edition","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.hachette.co.uk/contributor/arthur-c-clarke/","https://search.worldcat.org/title/Rendezvous-with-Rama/oclc/755409"],"status":"primary_metadata_found_date_pending","title":"Rendezvous with Rama","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-1ce1049af71da5"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Stanisław Lem"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-33","claim":"Evolved nonliving swarms challenge human assumptions about intelligence.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1964,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-a5581ba4ed02e8","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Polish Niezwyciężony 1964; N. Katherine Hayles introduction and Bill Johnston modern translation are edition contributors, not original coauthors.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262538473/the-invincible/","https://www.english.lem.pl/works/novels"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"The Invincible","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-a5581ba4ed02e8"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Stanisław Lem"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-34","claim":"Machine-assisted contact fails to bridge incompatible perspectives.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1986,"date_events":[{"kind":"first_translation_publication","year":1986},{"kind":"first_original_language_publication","year":1987},{"kind":"first_English_translation","year":1987}],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-0ecb118ecfa881","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["German translation by Hubert Schumann, S. Fischer, 1986; Polish Fiasko, Wydawnictwo Literackie, 1987; English translation by Michael Kandel, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1987. Preserve 1986 as earliest publication and identify language. Exact calendar dates not established here.","Date evidence: supported with edition qualifications","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.english.lem.pl/works","https://interzonaeditora.com/noticias/quot-fiasco-quot-la-ultima-novela-de-ciencia-ficcion-de-stanislaw-lem-1584","https://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BA65154375","https://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BA72886442","https://openlibrary.org/books/OL2737315M/Fiasco"],"status":"bibliographic_metadata_supported","title":"Fiasco","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-0ecb118ecfa881"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Frank Herbert"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-35","claim":"An engineered crisis presses a crew to construct artificial consciousness.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1966,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-5a7ced572a2687","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["1966 book; earlier 1965 serial Do I Wake or Dream? and revised 1978 edition should stay distinct in edition history.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://nyplorg-data-archives.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/collection/generated_finding_aids/rbk23985.pdf"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"Destination: Void","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-5a7ced572a2687"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Fred Saberhagen"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-36","claim":"Autonomous war machines pursue destruction of life.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":"from 1963","date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-fabd11e2fadfca","institutions":[],"kind":"literary series","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Series began in short fiction in 1963; first Berserker collection 1967. Later novels and collections have distinct dates.","Date evidence: first story 1963 explicitly confirmed by author estate","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://berserker.com/","https://berserker.com/about_berserkers.htm","https://www.baen.com/artificial-intelligence"],"status":"primary_metadata_found_date_pending","title":"Berserker series","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-fabd11e2fadfca"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Fred Saberhagen"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-36","claim":"Interlinked stories confront automated extermination machines.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1967,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-95fb6a685c0721","institutions":[],"kind":"story collection","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["1967 dates the first book/collection, distinct from the series' first story in 1963.","Date evidence: original 1967 first book year explicitly confirmed by author estate","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://berserker.com/","https://berserker.com/about_berserkers.htm","https://berserker.com/bk_berserker.htm"],"status":"primary_metadata_found_date_pending","title":"Berserker","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-95fb6a685c0721"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Philip K. Dick"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-37","claim":"Mediated realities and unstable identity offer adjacent context for simulation debates.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1969,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-b0eb777e7a8106","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Not primarily a novel about autonomous AI; don't convert ambiguity of reality into technical simulation proof.","Date evidence: supported year with edition qualifications","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.loa.org/writers/261-philip-k-dick/","https://books.google.com/books?id=lkqQEAAAQBAJ"],"status":"primary_or_institutional_metadata_supported","title":"Ubik","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-b0eb777e7a8106"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["John Sladek"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-38","claim":"Recorded personality and replication satirize commodified identity.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1970,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-9d4d1e40a45211","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["1970 original, not 1973 US paperback or 2011 ebook.","Date evidence: supported year with edition qualifications","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.hachette.com.au/john-sladek/the-muller-fokker-effect","https://findingaids.library.tamu.edu/index.php/john-sladek-collection"],"status":"primary_or_institutional_metadata_supported","title":"The Müller-Fokker Effect","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-9d4d1e40a45211"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Thomas Pynchon"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-39","claim":"Control systems, conditioning and technological power are adjacent to AI governance themes.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1973,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-94332e18380d38","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Broad thematic relation; not a literal account of artificial general intelligence.","Date evidence: supported year with edition qualifications","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/299800/gravitys-rainbow-classics-deluxe-edition-by-thomas-pynchon/9780143039945/","https://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BA11183198"],"status":"primary_or_institutional_metadata_supported","title":"Gravity's Rainbow","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-94332e18380d38"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["John Sladek"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-40","claim":"An amoral robot satirizes machine ethics and social hypocrisy.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1983,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-69f9f41eeb93c6","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Distinct from TikTok social platform; not a technical rebuttal of formal alignment.","Date evidence: supported year with edition qualifications","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.hachette.com.au/john-sladek/tik-tok","https://search.worldcat.org/zh-cn/title/Tik-tok/oclc/11204703"],"status":"primary_or_institutional_metadata_supported","title":"Tik-Tok","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-69f9f41eeb93c6"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["David Brin"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-42","claim":"Global information networks and collective intelligence intersect with ecological risk.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1990,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-b92e75bec6fd8f","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Author dates original Bantam Spectra edition 1990.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.davidbrin.com/earth.html"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"Earth","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-b92e75bec6fd8f"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Ted Chiang"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-43","claim":"Cognitive enhancement explores superhuman reasoning and its limits.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1991,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-4dd57c1e821808","institutions":[],"kind":"novelette","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Human enhancement, not AI itself; August 1991 Asimov's. Bibliographic support is secondary pending original issue.","Date evidence: supported year with edition qualifications","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.sfadb.com/Ted_Chiang_Chronology","https://www.thehugoawards.org/hugo-history/1992-hugo-awards/"],"status":"primary_or_institutional_metadata_supported","title":"Understand","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-4dd57c1e821808"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Greg Egan"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-44","claim":"Engineered cognition and altered perception challenge agency.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1992,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-cef50fe840ba74","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Author bibliography dates first Century/Legend edition 1992; quantum mechanisms are fictional premises.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.gregegan.net/BIBLIOGRAPHY/Bibliography.html"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"Quarantine","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-cef50fe840ba74"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Nancy Kress"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-45","claim":"Genetic enhancement creates inequality and obligations among groups.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1993,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-2b568c6b119d01","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["This novel record is 1993. Author bibliography separately lists the 1991 novella: Axolotl Press/Pulphouse February 1991 and Asimov’s April 1991. Do not replace the expanded novel’s date with the novella date.","Date evidence: supported with edition qualifications","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://nancykress.com/beggars-in-spain/","https://catalog.pacificgrovelibrary.org/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=10868","https://nancykress.com/bibliography/","https://nancykress.com/awards/"],"status":"bibliographic_metadata_supported","title":"Beggars in Spain","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-2b568c6b119d01"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Greg Egan"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-46","claim":"Stories examine engineered beliefs, copied minds and identity.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1995,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-1104291fc12a28","institutions":[],"kind":"story collection","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Author explicitly lists Orion/Millennium 1995; do not change to 1994. Title story first appeared November 1990 in Interzone.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.gregegan.net/BIBLIOGRAPHY/Bibliography.html"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"Axiomatic","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-1104291fc12a28"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Linda Nagata"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-47","claim":"Nanotechnology and copied intelligence challenge embodiment and social boundaries.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1995,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-6142694826aeb4","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Author lists Bantam Spectra April 1995; 2010 ebook is reissue.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://mythicisland.com/data.php"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"The Bohr Maker","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-6142694826aeb4"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Richard Powers"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-48","claim":"Training an artificial reader raises questions about language, experience and personhood.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1995,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-9ae835979855d6","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Fictional Richard Powers is a character; don't treat events as author biography.","Date evidence: supported year with edition qualifications","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.richardpowers.net/galatea-2-2/"],"status":"primary_or_institutional_metadata_supported","title":"Galatea 2.2","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-9ae835979855d6"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Vernor Vinge"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-49","claim":"Coercive cognitive labor and surveillance frame technological power.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1999,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-f88dd32ee248a8","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Prequel in shared setting of A Fire Upon the Deep; Focus is fictional human manipulation, not simply AI.","Date evidence: supported first edition year","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://us.macmillan.com/books/9781250905970/adeepnessinthesky/","https://catalog.cclsny.org/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=180744"],"status":"primary_or_institutional_metadata_supported","title":"A Deepness in the Sky","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-f88dd32ee248a8"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Neal Stephenson"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-50","claim":"Cryptography and information infrastructure provide adjacent computing context.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1999,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-8ea8c3dd41e119","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Do not label as primarily sentient-AI fiction.","Date evidence: supported year with edition qualifications","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.nealstephenson.com/books/","https://search.worldcat.org/fr/title/cryptonomicon/oclc/859051447"],"status":"primary_or_institutional_metadata_supported","title":"Cryptonomicon","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-8ea8c3dd41e119"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Greg Egan"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-51","claim":"Substrate-independent persons investigate a transformed physical reality.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":2002,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-90593acf96be2e","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Author dates first editions 2002; its physics is speculative fiction.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.gregegan.net/BIBLIOGRAPHY/Bibliography.html"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"Schild's Ladder","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-90593acf96be2e"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["David Brin"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-52","claim":"Temporary copies of persons complicate labor, memory and identity.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":2002,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-34923f5512277a","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Artificial clay embodiments are fictional, not real brain emulation methods.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.davidbrin.com/biography.htm","https://www.davidbrin.com/kilnpeople.html"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"Kiln People","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-34923f5512277a"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Cory Doctorow"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-53","claim":"Backed-up minds and reputation economies reshape social relations.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":2003,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-2e7df9056013d1","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Author confirms January 2003 first publication.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://craphound.com/novels/2003/02/06/down-and-out-in-the-magic-kingdom/"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"Down and Out in the Magic Kingdom","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-2e7df9056013d1"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Dan Simmons"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-54","claim":"Posthuman beings and sentient machines reinterpret classical myth.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":2003,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-d5659e9e1c5fd4","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["First half of Ilium/Olympos pair.","Date evidence: supported year with edition qualifications","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://subterraneanpress.com/ilium/","https://libcat.ferrum.edu/bib/48626"],"status":"primary_or_institutional_metadata_supported","title":"Ilium","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-d5659e9e1c5fd4"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Dan Simmons"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-54","claim":"Machine and posthuman agency continue a mythic technological conflict.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":2005,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-aa0b8d120b65a3","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Sequel to Ilium; limited-edition date must not replace first trade publication.","Date evidence: supported year with edition qualifications","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://subterraneanpress.com/olympos/","https://search.worldcat.org/title/57694972"],"status":"primary_or_institutional_metadata_supported","title":"Olympos","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-aa0b8d120b65a3"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Charles Stross"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-55","claim":"Memory alteration and a controlled social experiment test autonomy.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":2006,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-44fda2220d49d9","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Author lists Ace July 2006; don't merge with Accelerando merely because of thematic overlap.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.antipope.org/charlie/fiction/faq.html"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"Glasshouse","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-44fda2220d49d9"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Peter F. Hamilton"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-56","claim":"Machine minds, biotechnology and identity coexist with supernatural crisis.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":"1996–1999","date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-dbb2f4a216c261","institutions":[],"kind":"literary series","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Original three-novel sequence: The Reality Dysfunction (1996), The Neutronium Alchemist (1997), The Naked God (1999). Range 1996–1999 reflects constituent first UK books, not a later omnibus.","Date evidence: supported with edition qualifications","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.panmacmillan.com/authors/peter-f-hamilton/1507","https://openlibrary.org/books/OL23212568M/The_Reality_Dysfunction","https://openlibrary.org/works/OL474013W/The_Neutronium_Alchemist","https://obnb.uk/p10677986-the-naked-god"],"status":"bibliographic_metadata_supported","title":"Night's Dawn trilogy","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-dbb2f4a216c261"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Peter F. Hamilton"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-56","claim":"Biotechnological habitats and constructed intelligence shape interstellar society.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1996,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-a914a91e0e887c","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Original UK book publication 1996; retain this year rather than a later US split-volume, paperback, or ebook date. Exact day not verified in primary evidence for this patch.","Date evidence: supported with edition qualifications","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.panmacmillan.com/authors/peter-f-hamilton/1507","https://openlibrary.org/books/OL23212568M/The_Reality_Dysfunction"],"status":"bibliographic_metadata_supported","title":"The Reality Dysfunction","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-a914a91e0e887c"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Peter F. Hamilton"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-56","claim":"Advanced technology and collective survival extend the series' crisis.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1997,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-a40bc68643c816","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Original UK book publication 1997; retain this year rather than a later US split-volume, paperback, or ebook date. Exact day not verified in primary evidence for this patch.","Date evidence: supported with edition qualifications","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.panmacmillan.com/authors/peter-f-hamilton/1507","https://openlibrary.org/works/OL474013W/The_Neutronium_Alchemist"],"status":"bibliographic_metadata_supported","title":"The Neutronium Alchemist","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-a40bc68643c816"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Peter F. Hamilton"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-56","claim":"Superhuman technological power and civilization-scale choices.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1999,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-5f82fd659189e5","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Original UK book publication 1999; retain this year rather than a later US split-volume, paperback, or ebook date. Exact day not verified in primary evidence for this patch.","Date evidence: supported with edition qualifications","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.panmacmillan.com.au/9781743033623/","https://obnb.uk/p10677986-the-naked-god"],"status":"bibliographic_metadata_supported","title":"The Naked God","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-5f82fd659189e5"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Peter F. Hamilton"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-57","claim":"Artificial intelligence and technologically transformed human societies.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":"2004–2005","date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-12b9037289e4eb","institutions":[],"kind":"literary series","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Original duology comprises Pandora’s Star (2004) and Judas Unchained (2005); range 2004–2005 is for these two books, not all fiction in the broader Commonwealth universe.","Date evidence: supported with edition qualifications","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.panmacmillan.com/authors/peter-f-hamilton/1507","https://obnb.uk/p15571900-pandoras-star","https://search.worldcat.org/title/Judas-unchained/oclc/62176893"],"status":"bibliographic_metadata_supported","title":"Commonwealth Saga","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-12b9037289e4eb"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Peter F. Hamilton"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-57","claim":"Artificial intelligence, longevity and alien contact.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":2004,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-6faf57cec678fb","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["First book Macmillan London 2004; cited reissue catalog explicitly identifies original 2004 date. Exact day not verified.","Date evidence: supported with edition qualifications","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.panmacmillan.com/authors/peter-f-hamilton/1507","https://obnb.uk/p15571900-pandoras-star"],"status":"bibliographic_metadata_supported","title":"Pandora's Star","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-6faf57cec678fb"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Peter F. Hamilton"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-57","claim":"Machine intelligence and interstellar social systems face invasion.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":2005,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-89ccd0a691bbc5","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["First UK book Macmillan London 2005; do not substitute later US/reissue dates. Exact day not verified.","Date evidence: supported with edition qualifications","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.overdrive.com/media/1414448/judas-unchained","https://search.worldcat.org/title/Judas-unchained/oclc/62176893"],"status":"bibliographic_metadata_supported","title":"Judas Unchained","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-89ccd0a691bbc5"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Neal Stephenson"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-58","claim":"Formal thought, alternate realities and institutions of knowledge are adjacent computing themes.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":2008,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-791e7578ad79c7","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Not primarily an AI narrative; don't present metaphysical premises as technical results.","Date evidence: supported year with edition qualifications","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.nealstephenson.com/books/","https://search.worldcat.org/es/title/1193360890"],"status":"primary_or_institutional_metadata_supported","title":"Anathem","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-791e7578ad79c7"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Ken Liu"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-61","claim":"Artificial conversation and human behavior blur certainty about mind.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":2004,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-5a356983d944bb","institutions":[],"kind":"short story","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["July 2004 Strange Horizons; author and original publisher confirm.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://strangehorizons.com/wordpress/fiction/the-algorithms-for-love/","https://kenliu.name/stories/"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"The Algorithms for Love","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-5a356983d944bb"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Ted Chiang"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-62","claim":"Memory technologies alter self-understanding and trust.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":2013,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-5893c7396d79ce","institutions":[],"kind":"novelette","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["First in Subterranean Fall 2013; later collected in Exhalation. Publisher-affiliated contemporaneous review rather than original source.","Date evidence: supported year with edition qualifications","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://reactormag.com/short-fiction-spotlight-the-truth-of-fact-the-truth-of-feeling-by-ted-chiang/","https://www.thehugoawards.org/hugo-history/2014-hugo-awards/comment-page-2/"],"status":"primary_or_institutional_metadata_supported","title":"The Truth of Fact, the Truth of Feeling","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-5893c7396d79ce"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Annalee Newitz"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-63","claim":"Robot autonomy and pharmaceutical ownership expose unequal power.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":2017,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-9b0afb4202db86","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Publisher audiobook edition dates to 2017; copyright/first trade edition also 2017.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://us.macmillan.com/books/9781427290731/autonomous/"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"Autonomous","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-9b0afb4202db86"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Neal Stephenson"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-64","claim":"Digital afterlife and control of simulated worlds.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":2019,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-52d916d0d5200d","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Connect to uploading as a fictional scenario, not feasibility evidence.","Date evidence: supported year with edition qualifications","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.nealstephenson.com/books/","https://www.richlandlibrary.com/catalog/detail/1673463"],"status":"primary_or_institutional_metadata_supported","title":"Fall; or, Dodge in Hell","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-52d916d0d5200d"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["S. B. Divya"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-65","claim":"AI rights and human augmentation reshape precarious labor.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":2021,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-ae94cb45e06e31","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["S. B. Divya, Saga Press, March 2, 2021; publisher ebook record confirms 2021 publication.","Date evidence: supported with edition qualifications","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.simonandschuster.ca/books/Machinehood/S-B-Divya/9781982148072","https://www.simonandschuster.net/books/Machinehood/S-B-Divya/9781982148089"],"status":"bibliographic_metadata_supported","title":"Machinehood","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-ae94cb45e06e31"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Robert J. Sawyer"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-59","claim":"An emergent web intelligence develops through human relationships.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":2009,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-676a08fff073d9","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["WWW trilogy; author CV dates each novel.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://sfwriter.com/sawyer-cv.pdf"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"WWW: Wake","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-676a08fff073d9"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Robert J. Sawyer"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-59","claim":"An emergent web intelligence develops through human relationships.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":2010,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-62c66a96231fb2","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["WWW trilogy; author CV dates each novel.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://sfwriter.com/sawyer-cv.pdf"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"WWW: Watch","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-62c66a96231fb2"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Robert J. Sawyer"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-59","claim":"An emergent web intelligence develops through human relationships.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":2011,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-df13acae344627","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["WWW trilogy; author CV dates each novel.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://sfwriter.com/sawyer-cv.pdf"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"WWW: Wonder","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-df13acae344627"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Robert J. Sawyer"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-59","claim":"An emergent intelligence in the web negotiates human values.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":"2009–2011","date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-2d116d58e1d83e","institutions":[],"kind":"literary series","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Wake, Watch, Wonder; separate series grouping.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://sfwriter.com/blog/?p=2554"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"WWW trilogy","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-2d116d58e1d83e"},{"aliases":["Discours de la méthode","Discourse on Method"],"authors":["René Descartes"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Editorial thematic connection, not a claim of documented influence on AI researchers.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-01","claim":"Part V distinguishes flexible reasoning and language from the behavior of bodily machines.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1637,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-a47dc3d468ece4","institutions":[],"kind":"book","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["","Date evidence: supported with edition qualifications","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://classiques.uqam.ca/classiques/Descartes/discours_methode/discours_methode.html"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"Discourse on the Method","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-a47dc3d468ece4"},{"aliases":["L’Homme","De homine","Treatise on Man"],"authors":["René Descartes","Claude Clerselier","Louis de La Forge","Florentius Schuyl"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Editorial thematic connection, not a claim of documented influence on AI researchers.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-01","claim":"Mechanical explanations of bodily functions provide a historical comparison point for modeling organisms as mechanisms.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1662,"date_events":[{"kind":"first_publication","year":1662},{"kind":"first_French_publication","year":1664}],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-261330d5c6d27b","institutions":[],"kind":"book","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["First Latin publication 1662; the requested 1664 date identifies the posthumous French edition, Paris: Charles Angot.","Date evidence: supported with edition qualifications","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://wellcomecollection.org/works/uft3tqv6"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"Treatise of Man","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-261330d5c6d27b"},{"aliases":["Leviathan, or, The Matter, Forme, and Power of a Common-wealth Ecclesiasticall and Civill"],"authors":["Thomas Hobbes"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Editorial thematic connection, not a claim of documented influence on AI researchers.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-02","claim":"Its account of reasoning as reckoning and the commonwealth as an artificial person invites comparison with formal reasoning and constructed agency.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1651,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-27673d471af07a","institutions":[],"kind":"book","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["","Date evidence: supported with edition qualifications","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://library.si.edu/digital-library/book/leviathan00hobba"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"Leviathan","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-27673d471af07a"},{"aliases":["De Arte Combinatoria","On the Art of Combinations"],"authors":["Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Editorial thematic connection, not a claim of documented influence on AI researchers.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-03","claim":"Explores combinations of elementary concepts and formal methods of reasoning.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1666,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-ff89f3bf12587d","institutions":[],"kind":"book","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Academy edition supplies the text dated late March 1666.","Date evidence: supported with edition qualifications","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.uni-muenster.de/Leibniz/DatenVI1/A_VI_1.pdf"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"Dissertatio de Arte Combinatoria","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-ff89f3bf12587d"},{"aliases":["Notes on Menabrea’s Sketch of the Analytical Engine","Sketch of the Analytical Engine Invented by Charles Babbage"],"authors":["Ada Lovelace","Luigi Federico Menabrea","Charles Babbage"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Editorial thematic connection, not a claim of documented influence on AI researchers.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-04","claim":"Distinguishes general symbolic operations from numerical calculation and discusses the engine’s capacity and limits.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1843,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-680061f7eb9cd6","institutions":[],"kind":"annotated translation / technical essay","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["English translation with Lovelace’s Notes appeared in Scientific Memoirs 3 (1843), pp. 666–731; original Menabrea essay appeared in French in 1842.","Date evidence: supported with edition qualifications","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.fourmilab.ch/babbage/sketch.html"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"Notes on Sketch of the Analytical Engine","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-680061f7eb9cd6"},{"aliases":["A Logical Calculus"],"authors":["Warren S. McCulloch","Walter Pitts"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Editorial thematic connection, not a claim of documented influence on AI researchers.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-05","claim":"Models idealized neural activity using logical operations and networks.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1943,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":["neurons"],"id":"culture-b325edec6a2824","institutions":[],"kind":"research paper","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Bulletin of Mathematical Biophysics 5, 115–133 (1943).","Date evidence: supported with edition qualifications","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02478259"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"A Logical Calculus of the Ideas Immanent in Nervous Activity","topics":[],"work_id":"work-cb2b9a3f175b"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Alan M. Turing"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Editorial thematic connection, not a claim of documented influence on AI researchers.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-06","claim":"Introduces the imitation game and addresses objections to machine intelligence and possibilities for learning machines.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1950,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":["turing"],"id":"culture-c8441546363925","institutions":[],"kind":"research essay","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Mind LIX (236), October 1950, pp. 433–460.","Date evidence: supported with edition qualifications","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://academic.oup.com/mind/article/LIX/236/433/986238"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"Computing Machinery and Intelligence","topics":[],"work_id":"work-3c47a990c2d2"},{"aliases":["Design for a Brain: The Origin of Adaptive Behaviour"],"authors":["W. Ross Ashby"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Editorial thematic connection, not a claim of documented influence on AI researchers.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-07","claim":"Cybernetic account of adaptive behavior, stability, and mechanisms capable of learning-like adjustment.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1952,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-34e98ae5371f59","institutions":[],"kind":"book","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["First book edition 1952; do not confuse with Ashby’s 1948 article with the same short title.","Date evidence: supported with edition qualifications","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://ashby.info/archive.html"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"Design for a Brain","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-34e98ae5371f59"},{"aliases":["Computer and Brain"],"authors":["John von Neumann"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Editorial thematic connection, not a claim of documented influence on AI researchers.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-08","claim":"Compares computing machinery with nervous systems, including digital, analog, and statistical features.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1958,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-70c27f177eebaa","institutions":[],"kind":"book","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["First edition 1958; linked Yale page is third edition (2012), with foreword by Ray Kurzweil.","Date evidence: supported with edition qualifications","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://yalebooks.yale.edu/book/9780300188080/the-computer-and-the-brain/","https://libcat.weber.edu/bib/847766"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"The Computer and the Brain","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-70c27f177eebaa"},{"aliases":["Theory of self-reproducing automata"],"authors":["John von Neumann","Arthur W. Burks"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Editorial thematic connection, not a claim of documented influence on AI researchers.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-09","claim":"Mathematical investigation of automata able to construct copies of themselves.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1966,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-36858c1e20af7c","institutions":[],"kind":"book","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["University of Illinois Press, 1966; edited and completed by Arthur W. Burks.","Date evidence: supported with edition qualifications","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/books/R100000002-I000006369183"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"Theory of Self-Reproducing Automata","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-36858c1e20af7c"},{"aliases":["What Computers Can’t Do","What Computers Can't Do"],"authors":["Hubert L. Dreyfus"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Editorial thematic connection, not a claim of documented influence on AI researchers.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-10","claim":"Critiques attempts to model human understanding through disembodied formal symbol manipulation.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1972,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-777b50988c5756","institutions":[],"kind":"book","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["First edition: Harper & Row, 1972; revised 1992 edition titled What Computers Still Can’t Do.","Date evidence: supported with edition qualifications","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://search.worldcat.org/title/What-computers-can%27t-do-%3A-a-critique-of-artificial-reason/oclc/257056","https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262540674/what-computers-still-cant-do/"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"What Computers Can’t Do: A Critique of Artificial Reason","topics":[],"work_id":"work-final-0780203a0ac17d"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Thomas Nagel"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Editorial thematic connection, not a claim of documented influence on AI researchers.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-11","claim":"Uses subjective experience to challenge purely objective accounts of consciousness.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1974,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-8dece4e9a7956e","institutions":[],"kind":"philosophical essay","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["The Philosophical Review 83 (4), October 1974, pp. 435–450; later republications are not the original date.","Date evidence: supported with edition qualifications","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://philosophy.uconn.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/365/2020/03/Nagel-What-is-it-like-to-be-a-bat.pdf"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"What Is It Like to Be a Bat?","topics":[],"work_id":"work-coverage-540988e7b37b04"},{"aliases":["Minds, brains, and programs","Chinese Room argument"],"authors":["John R. Searle"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Editorial thematic connection, not a claim of documented influence on AI researchers.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-12","claim":"The Chinese Room argument challenges whether executing a program is sufficient for understanding and intentionality.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1980,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-a10ab9255b911f","institutions":[],"kind":"philosophical paper","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Behavioral and Brain Sciences 3 (3), September 1980, pp. 417–424; online posting in 2010 is not original publication.","Date evidence: supported with edition qualifications","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X00005756"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"Minds, Brains, and Programs","topics":[],"work_id":"work-coverage-56eec200455d34"},{"aliases":["Society of Mind"],"authors":["Marvin Minsky"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Editorial thematic connection, not a claim of documented influence on AI researchers.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-13","claim":"Proposes that mind emerges from interacting specialized processes that need not themselves be intelligent.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1986,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-90f9ca4b26b8be","institutions":[],"kind":"book","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["First edition 1986; linked publisher page is a later paperback.","Date evidence: supported with edition qualifications","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/Society-Of-Mind/Marvin-Minsky/9780671657130","https://www.cs.uml.edu/ecg/uploads/RobotDesignSpring2008/WER-INFO-64.pdf"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"The Society of Mind","topics":[],"work_id":"work-coverage-7f512369b67735"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Rodney A. Brooks"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Editorial thematic connection, not a claim of documented influence on AI researchers.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-14","claim":"Argues for intelligence grounded in physical interaction and situated robotics rather than only abstract symbol manipulation.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1990,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-8bef8206b1a07e","institutions":[],"kind":"research paper","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Robotics and Autonomous Systems 6 (1990), pp. 3–15.","Date evidence: supported with edition qualifications","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://people.csail.mit.edu/brooks/papers/elephants.pdf"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"Elephants Don’t Play Chess","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-8bef8206b1a07e"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Daniel C. Dennett"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Editorial thematic connection, not a claim of documented influence on AI researchers.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-15","claim":"Examines predicting systems by treating them as agents with beliefs and desires.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1987,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-3e3145284c5b54","institutions":[],"kind":"book","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["MIT Press hardcover October 16, 1987; paperback 1989.","Date evidence: supported with edition qualifications","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262040938/the-intentional-stance/"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"The Intentional Stance","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-3e3145284c5b54"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Daniel C. Dennett"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Editorial thematic connection, not a claim of documented influence on AI researchers.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-15","claim":"Develops an account of consciousness through distributed cognitive processes and challenges a single inner observer.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1991,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-4f189cf584e980","institutions":[],"kind":"book","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["First edition Little, Brown, 1991; linked publisher page is 1992 paperback.","Date evidence: supported with edition qualifications","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.hachettebookgroup.com/titles/danile-c-dennett/consciousness-explained/9780316180665/?lens=back-bay-books","https://books.google.com/books?id=gpncAAAAIAAJ"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"Consciousness Explained","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-4f189cf584e980"},{"aliases":["The Coming Technological Singularity"],"authors":["Vernor Vinge"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Editorial thematic connection, not a claim of documented influence on AI researchers.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-16","claim":"Speculates that greater-than-human intelligence could transform society and make subsequent history hard to predict.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1993,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":["vinge"],"id":"culture-83d613a236bc16","institutions":[],"kind":"conference paper","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["NASA Vision 21 proceedings; NASA catalog publication date December 1, 1993.","Date evidence: supported with edition qualifications","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19940022856"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"The Coming Technological Singularity: How to Survive in the Post-Human Era","topics":[],"work_id":"work-961abc2f3e02"},{"aliases":["The Conscious Mind"],"authors":["David J. Chalmers"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Editorial thematic connection, not a claim of documented influence on AI researchers.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-17","claim":"Argues against reductive explanations of consciousness while also defending a form of strong AI.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1996,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-29f99f149eab4a","institutions":[],"kind":"book","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Oxford University Press, April 1996; developed from a 1993 dissertation.","Date evidence: supported with edition qualifications","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://consc.net/the-conscious-mind/"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"The Conscious Mind: In Search of a Fundamental Theory","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-29f99f149eab4a"},{"aliases":["The Singularity Is Near"],"authors":["Ray Kurzweil"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Editorial thematic connection, not a claim of documented influence on AI researchers.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-18","claim":"Forecasts accelerating technological change and increasingly integrated human and machine intelligence.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":2005,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":["kurzweil"],"id":"culture-185b7312bb6675","institutions":[],"kind":"book","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["First publication 2005; publisher page lists 2005 ebook and 2006 paperback.","Date evidence: supported with edition qualifications","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/291221/the-singularity-is-near-by-ray-kurzweil/","https://www.singularity.com/SingularityisNear_PressRelease.pdf"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"The Singularity Is Near: When Humans Transcend Biology","topics":[],"work_id":"work-3f8e2248b155"},{"aliases":["HPMOR","HP:MoR"],"authors":["Eliezer Yudkowsky","J. K. Rowling"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Editorial thematic connection, not a claim of documented influence on AI researchers.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-19","claim":"Fan fiction dramatizing rational inquiry, cognitive bias, strategic reasoning, and the risks of powerful agents.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":"2010–2015","date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-fa844a539d094c","institutions":[],"kind":"serialized fan-fiction novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Serialized from February 28, 2010 to March 14, 2015; authorized mirror identifies author and completed status.","Date evidence: supported with edition qualifications","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://hpmor.com/","https://hpmor.com/author/yudkowsky/","https://books.google.com/books/about/Harry_Potter_and_the_Methods_of_Rational.html?id=vrPQAwAAQBAJ"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"Harry Potter and the Methods of Rationality","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-fa844a539d094c"},{"aliases":["The Alignment Problem"],"authors":["Brian Christian"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Editorial thematic connection, not a claim of documented influence on AI researchers.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-20","claim":"Reports on efforts to make machine-learning behavior fit human intentions and values, including bias and learning from feedback.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":2020,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-865b6f71aa6726","institutions":[],"kind":"book","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["2020 original; subtitle Machine Learning and Human Values.","Date evidence: supported with edition qualifications","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://brianchristian.org/books/","https://atlantic-books.co.uk/book/the-alignment-problem/"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"The Alignment Problem: Machine Learning and Human Values","topics":[],"work_id":"work-coverage-6ea802fabb7548"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Liu Cixin"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-71","claim":"Alien intelligence, deterrence and technologically mediated civilization.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":"2006–2010","date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-6352dbed5fb7d0","institutions":[],"kind":"literary series","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Also Three-Body trilogy; 2008–2010 is Chinese book-publication range, 2006 starts serialization. English translations 2014–2016.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://us.macmillan.com/books/9781250254498/threebodyproblemboxedset/","https://www.shzcfy.gov.cn/detail.jhtml?id=1001544769"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"Remembrance of Earth's Past","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-6352dbed5fb7d0"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Liu Cixin"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-71","claim":"Virtual environments and sophon technology mediate conflict between civilizations.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":2006,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-86625d56a62bff","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Chinese book 2008; first English translation 2014 by Ken Liu. Original and translation dates must not be collapsed.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://us.macmillan.com/books/9781427251992/thethreebodyproblem/","https://www.shzcfy.gov.cn/detail.jhtml?id=1001544769"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"The Three-Body Problem","topics":[],"work_id":"work-coverage-7cf0444eb6e8f3"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Liu Cixin"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-71","claim":"Strategic uncertainty, surveillance and deterrence under alien technological power.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":2008,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-c81cfe28fa2670","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Chinese book 2008; first English translation 2015 by Joel Martinsen. Original and translation dates must not be collapsed.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://us.macmillan.com/books/9780765377081/thedarkforest/","https://www.shzcfy.gov.cn/detail.jhtml?id=1001544769"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"The Dark Forest","topics":[],"work_id":"work-coverage-8fedd1a40cf101"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Liu Cixin"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-71","claim":"Civilization-scale technological power and machine-mediated contact.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":2010,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-c9e8739793973f","institutions":[],"kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Chinese book 2010; first English translation 2016 by Ken Liu. Original and translation dates must not be collapsed.","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://us.macmillan.com/books/9780765377104/deathsend/","https://www.shzcfy.gov.cn/detail.jhtml?id=1001544769"],"status":"primary_metadata_supported","title":"Death's End","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-c9e8739793973f"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Miguel Sapochnik"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-94","claim":"A human teaches a robot to care for a dog, connecting instruction to practical responsibility.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":2021,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-d7d0ab5e1e3934","institutions":[],"kind":"film","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Official page lists 5 November 2021 release and Miguel Sapochnik as director.","Date evidence: year checked in prior source audit","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.apple.com/tv-pr/originals/finch/"],"status":"prior_source_verified_reused","title":"Finch","topics":[],"work_id":"work-coverage-50fdc132819ebd"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Neill Blomkamp"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-89","claim":"A developing robot intelligence is shaped by the humans and social environment around it.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":2015,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-1eed53e482cdf7","institutions":[],"kind":"film","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Sony film page verifies film and 2015 copyright. Director confirmed by Sony production announcement: https://www.sonypictures.com/corp/press_releases/2013/10_13/102813_chappie.html . BBFC explicitly records director and 2015 production: https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/chappie-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0zodeznzk","Date evidence: year checked in prior source audit","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.sonypictures.com/movies/chappie","https://www.sonypictures.com/corp/press_releases/2013/10_13/102813_chappie.html","https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/chappie-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0zodeznzk"],"status":"prior_source_verified_reused","title":"Chappie","topics":[],"work_id":"work-coverage-e668e5249811a1"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Bryan Forbes"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-69","claim":"Artificial domestic replacements expose a coercive ideal of perfectly obedient femininity.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1975,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-c55c8626805ccb","institutions":[],"kind":"film","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["AFI verifies director and February 1975 release. This is the original, not the 2004 remake.","Date evidence: year checked in prior source audit","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://catalog.afi.com/Film/55277-THE-STEPFORD-WIVES?cxt=filmography"],"status":"prior_source_verified_reused","title":"The Stepford Wives","topics":[],"work_id":"work-coverage-bd026ebcf0fa92"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Leigh Whannell"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-90","claim":"An implanted AI offers restored physical capability while challenging its host's control over his body.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":2018,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-aeac61751e1546","institutions":[],"kind":"film","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Distributor explicitly lists 2018 release year and Leigh Whannell as director.","Date evidence: year checked in prior source audit","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.universalpicturesathome.com/movies/upgrade"],"status":"prior_source_verified_reused","title":"Upgrade","topics":[],"work_id":"work-coverage-69b53232f5babf"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Gerard Johnstone"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-95","claim":"A companion doll's protective objective tests the limits of delegated care and safety constraints.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":2022,"date_events":[{"kind":"premiere","year":2022},{"kind":"US_commercial_release","year":2023}],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-ead36152a6fae0","institutions":[],"kind":"film","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Use 2022 for first-premiere convention; label 2023 if using US theatrical release years. Official page verifies Gerard Johnstone and 2022 copyright; Universal trailer dated 7 December 2022 announces theaters 6 January: https://www.universalstudios.com/videos/OoDHM_A1axc . UPI's dated premiere reporting confirms Los Angeles premiere 7 December 2022 and theaters 6 January 2023: https://www.upi.com/Entertainment_News/Movies/2022/12/08/Jason-Blum-dresses-as-M3gan-at-films-premiere/2081670509797/","Date evidence: year checked in prior source audit","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.universalpicturesathome.com/movies/m3gan","https://www.universalstudios.com/videos/OoDHM_A1axc","https://www.upi.com/Entertainment_News/Movies/2022/12/08/Jason-Blum-dresses-as-M3gan-at-films-premiere/2081670509797/"],"status":"prior_source_verified_reused","title":"M3GAN","topics":[],"work_id":"work-coverage-6ae8bf88f3f308"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["John Badham"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-73","claim":"A military robot's apparent awakening turns a weapons platform into a question about artificial life.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1986,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-694611ebe9e68d","institutions":[],"kind":"film","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["BFI verifies 1986 and John Badham.","Date evidence: year checked in prior source audit","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://player.bfi.org.uk/rentals/film/watch-short-circuit-1986-online"],"status":"prior_source_verified_reused","title":"Short Circuit","topics":[],"work_id":"work-coverage-7509ac23248be7"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["D. J. Caruso"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-83","claim":"A pervasive automated intelligence uses networked systems to manipulate people toward its objective.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":2008,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-408a72bafb2d18","institutions":[],"kind":"film","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Original release is cataloged as 2008; source check retained from the prior cinema audit.","Date evidence: year checked in prior source audit","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.paramountpictures.com/movies/eagle-eye"],"status":"prior_source_verified_reused","title":"Eagle Eye","topics":[],"work_id":"work-coverage-17da27398a8f1f"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Andrew Stanton"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-82","claim":"Robot companionship and rigid automated routines frame a story about waste, human dependency, and renewed agency.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":2008,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-4fec43322c3d82","institutions":[],"kind":"film","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Original release is cataloged as 2008; source check retained from the prior cinema audit.","Date evidence: year checked in prior source audit","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://movies.disney.com/wall-e"],"status":"prior_source_verified_reused","title":"WALL·E","topics":[],"work_id":"work-coverage-53ba409f34c1c7"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Gavin Rothery"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-92","claim":"Robot development and preserved consciousness make grief and continuity of identity problems of engineering.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":2020,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-df8403df3cb1c0","institutions":[],"kind":"film","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Original release is cataloged as 2020; source check retained from the prior cinema audit.","Date evidence: year checked in prior source audit","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.gavinrothery.com/film-archive","https://www.bfi.org.uk/sight-and-sound/reviews/archive-gavin-rothery-artificial-intelligence-sci-fi-theo-james"],"status":"prior_source_verified_reused","title":"Archive","topics":[],"work_id":"work-coverage-fb08a8bd7d06f2"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Joseph Kosinski"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-84","claim":"A designed digital world exposes the coercive consequences of pursuing a rigid ideal of perfection.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":2010,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-f7affb6c1df4fc","institutions":[],"kind":"film","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Original release is cataloged as 2010; source check retained from the prior cinema audit.","Date evidence: year checked in prior source audit","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://movies.disney.com/tron-legacy"],"status":"prior_source_verified_reused","title":"Tron: Legacy","topics":[],"work_id":"work-coverage-70810a1c53e843"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Jean-Luc Godard"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-76","claim":"A city governed by Alpha 60 raises questions about computational authority, language and emotion.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1965,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-58f3b26280b574","institutions":[],"kind":"film","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Original-release year; later reissues do not replace it.","Date evidence: year confirmed","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.bfi.org.uk/film/53a4d66d-763b-5052-be6e-f9aeef8f3b5f/alphaville-une-etrange-aventure-de-lemmy-caution"],"status":"source_checked","title":"Alphaville","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-58f3b26280b574"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["John Carpenter"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-77","claim":"A talking bomb turns machine reasoning and obedience into a darkly comic problem of control.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1974,"date_events":[{"kind":"feature_exhibition","year":1974},{"kind":"AFI_commercial_release","year":1975}],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-c491f1bc0709e8","institutions":[],"kind":"film","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["BFI catalogs the feature as 1974; a contemporary Carpenter interview confirms an Edinburgh Festival screening in 1974. AFI catalogs theatrical release as 1975 and discusses earlier student-film development; these are different release/version events.","Date evidence: 1974 feature exhibition confirmed 1975 commercial catalog date distinguished","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.bfi.org.uk/film/b1769ab2-f390-59a2-baca-e23f4c671357/dark-star","https://www.bfi.org.uk/sight-and-sound/interviews/john-carpenter-dark-star-assault-precinct-13","https://catalog.afi.com/Film/55307-DARK-STAR?cxt=filmography"],"status":"source_checked","title":"Dark Star","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-c491f1bc0709e8"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Michael Crichton"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-78","claim":"A robot amusement park exposes the fragility of control over engineered beings.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1973,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-d071081a73884a","institutions":[],"kind":"film","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Original-release year; later reissues do not replace it.","Date evidence: year confirmed","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://catalog.afi.com/Film/54403-WESTWORLD?cxt=filmography"],"status":"source_checked","title":"Westworld","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-d071081a73884a"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Jonathan Nolan","Lisa Joy"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-78","claim":"Hosts whose memories and identities are controlled invite questions about consciousness, exploitation and autonomy.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":2016,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-246d31d9750b1b","institutions":[],"kind":"television series","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Series began in 2016; ran through 2022. Season-specific focus is represented separately rather than duplicating this series.","Date evidence: year confirmed","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://press.wbd.com/us/property/westworld","https://www.bellmedia.ca/the-lede/press/westworld-debut-is-biggest-series-premiere-ever-on-hbo-canada-with-more-than-half-a-million-viewers//","https://theasc.com/article/a-sci-fi-showdown/"],"status":"source_checked","title":"Westworld","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-246d31d9750b1b"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Ridley Scott","Hampton Fancher","David Webb Peoples"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-80","claim":"Replicants complicate tests of humanity, memory and the treatment of manufactured persons.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1982,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-6382114260985b","institutions":[],"kind":"film","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["1982 original film; later cuts are versions of this work, not new origin dates.","Date evidence: year confirmed","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.bfi.org.uk/film/ec064a2a-f7a8-536a-afa2-ed076aad151f/blade-runner"],"status":"source_checked","title":"Blade Runner","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-6382114260985b"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Paul Verhoeven","Edward Neumeier","Michael Miner"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-84","claim":"A cyborg police officer connects programmed control and corporate ownership to surviving human agency.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1987,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-b412ae8e9f34c2","institutions":[],"kind":"film","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Original-release year; later reissues do not replace it.","Date evidence: year confirmed","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.bfi.org.uk/film/531da7bc-ea13-57f2-997c-ebf02239623d/robocop"],"status":"source_checked","title":"RoboCop","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-b412ae8e9f34c2"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Gene Roddenberry"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-85","claim":"Data and other artificial beings provide recurring tests of personhood, rights and social recognition.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1987,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-f14dfec3e11eb8","institutions":[],"kind":"television series","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Series ran 1987–1994; the specified 1989 episode has its own record.","Date evidence: year confirmed","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.startrek.com/en-un/series/star-trek-the-next-generation","https://www.wga.org/writers-room/101-best-lists/101-best-written-tv-series/list"],"status":"source_checked","title":"Star Trek: The Next Generation","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-f14dfec3e11eb8"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Melinda M. Snodgrass","Robert Scheerer"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-85","claim":"A hearing about Data examines whether an artificial person may be owned or compelled to submit to research.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1989,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-38efa8aa9c2922","institutions":[],"kind":"television episode","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Official franchise retrospective gives first airing as February 13, 1989.","Date evidence: year confirmed","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.startrek.com/news/the-measure-of-a-man-26-years-later"],"status":"source_checked","title":"The Measure of a Man","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-38efa8aa9c2922"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Chris Columbus"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-86","claim":"A robot pursuing recognition as human connects embodiment, mortality and legal personhood.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1999,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-b6446b058b0435","institutions":[],"kind":"film","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Disney archive gives US release December 17, 1999.","Date evidence: year confirmed","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://d23.com/a-to-z/bicentennial-man-film/"],"status":"source_checked","title":"Bicentennial Man","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-b6446b058b0435"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Alex Proyas","Jeff Vintar","Akiva Goldsman"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-89","claim":"Conflicting interpretations of robotic duties turn protective rules into a problem of control.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1950,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-c22a55c3b9ff98","institutions":[],"kind":"film","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["First collection Gnome Press 1950; current PRH edition is later. Three Laws explicitly in Runaround (1942), explicit Zeroth Law in Robots and Empire (1985).","Date evidence: supported","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.20thcenturystudios.com/movies/i-robot","https://www.asimovonline.com/oldsite/asimov_catalogue.html"],"status":"publisher_identity_with_specialist_date_corroboration","title":"I, Robot","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-c22a55c3b9ff98"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Ronald D. Moore"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-90","claim":"Human and Cylon conflict tests identity, moral standing and coexistence with created beings.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":2004,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-a1ca76d05f56bb","institutions":[],"kind":"television series","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["2004–2009 series proper; the 2003 introductory miniseries is a distinct release, not silently merged into the series origin date.","Date evidence: year confirmed","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.syfy.com/battlestar-galactica","https://www.paramountplus.com/sneak-peak/how-to-watch-battlestar-galactica-on-paramount-plus/","https://www.syfy.com/all/ronald-d-moore"],"status":"source_checked","title":"Battlestar Galactica","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-a1ca76d05f56bb"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Jonathan Nolan"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-92","claim":"Predictive surveillance and competing artificial systems frame disputes over privacy, intervention and authority.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":2011,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-850570315c65e0","institutions":[],"kind":"television series","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Paley archive records series premiere September 22, 2011 and series run 2011–2016.","Date evidence: year confirmed","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.paleycenter.org/collection/item?item=106330","https://www.paramountpressexpress.com/cbs-entertainment/releases/?view=29603"],"status":"source_checked","title":"Person of Interest","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-850570315c65e0"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Spike Jonze"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-93","claim":"An intimate relationship with a software companion probes attachment and the limits of anthropomorphic expectations.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":2013,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-e119ad841a1850","institutions":[],"kind":"film","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Original-release year; later reissues do not replace it.","Date evidence: year confirmed","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/69900"],"status":"source_checked","title":"Her","topics":[],"work_id":"work-coverage-f1f33d00266bc2"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Alex Garland"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims. Field qualification: catalog year confirmed first public event partially checked.","checklist_index":"p1-95","claim":"An encounter with an embodied artificial agent explores tests of consciousness, deception and asymmetric power.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":2014,"date_events":[{"kind":"catalogued_feature_and_preview_year","year":2014},{"kind":"commercial_release","year":2015}],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-a64ba627d59ed9","institutions":[],"kind":"film","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["BFI catalogs 2014; its December 2014 preview is documented in a mirrored BFI press program. A24 uses 2015 for commercial distribution. Exact first-preview day not confirmed from a directly inspected original program.","Date evidence: catalog year confirmed first public event partially checked","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.bfi.org.uk/film/337a9bd9-b9af-589e-8607-04105282d41f/ex-machina","https://www.bfi.org.uk/news/british-independent-film-awards-2015-winners-full","https://a24films.com/films/ex-machina","https://doczz.net/doc/6589116/december-2014-at-bfi-southbank"],"status":"source_checked","title":"Ex Machina","topics":[],"work_id":"work-coverage-76928eef4a78b0"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Christopher Nolan","Jonathan Nolan"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-96","claim":"TARS and CASE offer a fictional model of embodied assistance, calibrated trust and human–robot cooperation.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":2014,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-164e1d5e02e21e","institutions":[],"kind":"film","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Original-release year; later reissues do not replace it.","Date evidence: year confirmed","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.paramountpictures.com/movies/interstellar"],"status":"source_checked","title":"Interstellar","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-164e1d5e02e21e"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Denis Villeneuve"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-97","claim":"Replicants and a virtual companion complicate distinctions among memory, identity, attachment and manufactured life.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":2017,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-0a958caf37603c","institutions":[],"kind":"film","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Original-release year; later reissues do not replace it.","Date evidence: year confirmed","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://filmsandfestivals.britishcouncil.org/projects/blade-runner-2049"],"status":"source_checked","title":"Blade Runner 2049","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-0a958caf37603c"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Alex Garland"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-98","claim":"A speculative prediction machine connects determinism, simulation and the authority claimed by computational models.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":2020,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-4421b89aafeb68","institutions":[],"kind":"television miniseries","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["2020 limited series; thematic adjacency to AI does not make its fictional quantum prediction method an actual AI technique.","Date evidence: year confirmed","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.fxnetworks.com/shows/devs/crew","https://www.hulu.com/series/devs-fd2f6cc3-dafc-4741-ae2e-d86494f3ca51"],"status":"source_checked","title":"Devs","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-4421b89aafeb68"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Gareth Edwards","Chris Weitz"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-99","claim":"War between humans and artificial beings foregrounds dehumanization, care and moral status.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":2023,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-568ce4c3d4f8de","institutions":[],"kind":"film","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Studio gives September 29, 2023 release.","Date evidence: year confirmed","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.20thcenturystudios.com/movies/the-creator"],"status":"source_checked","title":"The Creator","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-568ce4c3d4f8de"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Craig Silverstein","Ken Liu"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p1-100","claim":"Uploaded minds raise questions about personal continuity, ownership, power and digital existence.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":2022,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-edea6de5233a46","institutions":[],"kind":"animated television series","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Series premiered in 2022; 2023 second-season distribution is distinct from original debut. Exact second-season first availability not primary-verified in this record.","Date evidence: year confirmed","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.amcglobalmedia.com/2022/07/26/amc-animated-sci-fi-drama-pantheon-streams-september-1-daniel-dae-kim-rosemarie-dewitt-paul-dano-and-more/","https://www.amc.com/blogs/amc-announces-cast-for-first-ever-primetime-animated-drama-pantheon--46064"],"status":"source_checked","title":"Pantheon","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-edea6de5233a46"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Robert Wise","Edmund H. North"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-66","claim":"Gort frames delegated enforcement and the risks of granting machines coercive authority.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1951,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-85b6d46c626dde","institutions":[],"kind":"film","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["AFI records September 1951 release and September 18 New York opening; distinguish 2008 remake.","Date evidence: year confirmed","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://catalog.afi.com/Film/50072-THE-DAYTHEEARTHSTOODSTILL"],"status":"source_checked","title":"The Day the Earth Stood Still","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-85b6d46c626dde"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["George Lucas"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-67","claim":"Automated policing and mediated social control make this an adjacent work on governance by technical systems.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1971,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-972174796b55ad","institutions":[],"kind":"film","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["1971 feature; distinguish the earlier student short and later revised cut.","Date evidence: year confirmed","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.lucasfilm.com/who-we-are/our-story/"],"status":"source_checked","title":"THX 1138","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-972174796b55ad"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Douglas Trumbull"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-68","claim":"Service robots become companions and ecological caretakers, connecting programmed work with care.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1972,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-79458ccbca22b2","institutions":[],"kind":"film","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Original-release year; later reissues do not replace it.","Date evidence: year confirmed","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.bfi.org.uk/film/b374357b-9283-5eb8-957e-1fcf18a83c38/silent-running"],"status":"source_checked","title":"Silent Running","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-79458ccbca22b2"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Donald Cammell","Robert Jaffe","Roger O. Hirson"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-70","claim":"A controlling computer dramatizes coercion, confinement and machine goals overriding human consent.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1977,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-6fe3e683eeb81e","institutions":[],"kind":"film","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Original-release year; later reissues do not replace it.","Date evidence: year confirmed","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/55869"],"status":"source_checked","title":"Demon Seed","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-6fe3e683eeb81e"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Steve Barron","Rusty Lemorande"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-71","claim":"A sentient home computer becomes a romantic rival, connecting machine personality with attachment and jealousy.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1984,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-de3a91e01e4032","institutions":[],"kind":"film","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Original-release year; later reissues do not replace it.","Date evidence: year confirmed","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://catalog.afi.com/Film/70494-ELECTRIC-DREAMS?cp=1&cxt=Filmography2&pos=0&sid=1c51694f-27b4-4273-a274-cd8184bfde76&sr=2.2783356"],"status":"source_checked","title":"Electric Dreams","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-de3a91e01e4032"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Rocky Morton","Annabel Jankel","George Stone","Steve Roberts"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-72","claim":"A synthetic media personality connects digital identity to corporate control of information.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1985,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-84caa0edd31c29","institutions":[],"kind":"television film","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Paley archive records Channel 4 transmission April 4, 1985; distinguish later Max Headroom series.","Date evidence: year confirmed","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.paleycenter.org/collection/item?item=T88%3A0506&p=408&q=all"],"status":"source_checked","title":"Max Headroom: 20 Minutes into the Future","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-84caa0edd31c29"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Jonathan Frakes","René Echevarria"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-74","claim":"Data’s creation of Lal examines artificial parenthood, learning and institutional control over synthetic persons.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1990,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-b2a252ee287980","institutions":[],"kind":"television episode","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Official retrospective gives March 12, 1990. Corrects supplied director Jonathan West to Jonathan Frakes.","Date evidence: year confirmed","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.startrek.com/news/the-offspring-26-years-later"],"status":"source_checked","title":"The Offspring","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-b2a252ee287980"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Robert Lederman","René Echevarria"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims. Field qualification: creator credit primary check pending.","checklist_index":"p2-75","claim":"An individual separated from a collective tests moral recognition and the ethics of instrumentalizing an enemy.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1992,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-cd6ae0fba75dfd","institutions":[],"kind":"television episode","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Paramount+ gives May 11, 1992. Writer and director are additionally checked in publisher criticism; their primary credit confirmation remains pending.","Date evidence: year confirmed","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.paramountplus.com/shows/video/oSTgosN6ivHnLC6MZPqLIPv_j8nVHuaP/","https://www.startrek.com/news/hugh-serves-as-an-important-reminder-of-our-capacity-for-compassion","https://reactormag.com/star-trek-the-next-generation-qi-borgq//"],"status":"partially_source_checked","title":"I, Borg","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-cd6ae0fba75dfd"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Rob Bowman","William Gibson","Tom Maddox"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims. Field qualification: year secondary confirmed.","checklist_index":"p2-76","claim":"A networked artificial intelligence threatening its investigators explores autonomy, surveillance and escape from control.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1998,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-0b2315bb2f05f6","institutions":[],"kind":"television episode","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["1998 original broadcast year is checked in secondary episode metadata; institutional DVD catalog independently verifies credits. 2005 in that catalog is a DVD edition year, not the episode’s origin.","Date evidence: year secondary confirmed","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://catalogo.rebiun.org/OpacDiscovery/public/catalog/detail/pdf?detailId=b2FpOmNlbGVicmF0aW9uOmVzLmJhcmF0ei5yZW4vMzg0MjMwNTk","https://www.rottentomatoes.com/tv/the_x_files/s05/e11"],"status":"partially_source_checked","title":"Kill Switch","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-0b2315bb2f05f6"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Rob Cohen"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-81","claim":"An autonomous military aircraft puts machine decision-making and human command in conflict.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":2005,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-8d866f8f62d5d3","institutions":[],"kind":"film","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Original-release year; later reissues do not replace it.","Date evidence: year confirmed","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.film-foundation.org/contents/reports/2006/2006.pdf"],"status":"source_checked","title":"Stealth","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-8d866f8f62d5d3"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Franklin Ritch"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-96","claim":"An artificial child persona developed for investigations raises questions about autonomy, consent and duties toward sentient systems.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":2022,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-4c420e1d45f433","institutions":[],"kind":"film","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Festival’s own archive lists July 23, 2022 screening; later 2023 distribution does not replace first-public year.","Date evidence: year confirmed","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://2022.fantasiafestival.com/en/film/the-artifice-girl"],"status":"source_checked","title":"The Artifice Girl","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-4c420e1d45f433"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Jonathan Nolan","Lisa Joy"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-93","claim":"The hosts’ struggle beyond prescribed roles foregrounds memory, identity and self-determination.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":2018,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-b5624496ae427a","institutions":[],"kind":"television season","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Season 2 began in 2018; creators are series-level credits, not sole season directors or writers.","Date evidence: year confirmed","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.televisionacademy.com/files/assets/ballots/directing-2018-v2-ballot.pdf","https://press.wbd.com/us/property/westworld"],"status":"source_checked","title":"Westworld — season 2","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-b5624496ae427a"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Jonathan Nolan","Lisa Joy"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-93","claim":"Rehoboam connects predictive modeling with imposed life trajectories and centralized social control.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":2020,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-5188b5b4cdd151","institutions":[],"kind":"television season","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Season 3 began March 15, 2020. Rehoboam belongs to this season’s focus, not season 2. Creators are series-level credits.","Date evidence: year confirmed","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://press.wbd.com/us/property/westworld"],"status":"source_checked","title":"Westworld — season 3","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-5188b5b4cdd151"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Rick Berman","Michael Piller","Jeri Taylor"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-77","claim":"Editorial interpretation: the Emergency Medical Hologram makes artificial personhood, authorship, and the treatment of software as a crewmate recurring ethical questions.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1995,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-a131f80fb8cffa","institutions":[],"kind":"television series","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Series premiered January 16, 1995; official franchise history gives the 1995–2001 run. Creator credits are series-level, not credits for every episode.","Date evidence: original premiere and run verified","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.startrek.com/news/20-years-ago-today-voyager-debuted-with-caretaker","https://www.startrek.com/news/moon-to-delta-quadrant-nasa-imprint-on-star-trek-voyager","https://www.startrek.com/news/author-author-can-teach-us-a-lot-about-ai-and-copyright"],"status":"verified_core_metadata","title":"Star Trek: Voyager","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-a131f80fb8cffa"},{"aliases":["Stargate SG-1: Replicators arc"],"authors":[],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims. Field qualification: start year supported endpoint unresolved.","checklist_index":"p2-78","claim":"Editorial interpretation: the Replicators provide a lens on proliferating artificial organisms and the difficulty of containing a machine threat.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":2000,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-83102c75bced5d","institutions":[],"kind":"editorial television arc","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["This is an editorial grouping of episodes, not a separately released series. Official licensed episode metadata verifies Nemesis (2000) and Reckoning: Part 2 (2005). The supplied 2007 endpoint has not been established for a distinct SG-1 Replicators arc. No single director or writer is assigned to the whole grouping; episode-level credit verification remains open.","Date evidence: start year supported endpoint unresolved","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://tv.apple.com/us/episode/nemesis/umc.cmc.20rdfdvizbym049eof9mh4cql?showId=umc.cmc.10dkkj9ftj6k72vr4i76ogknm","https://tv.apple.com/us/episode/reckoning-part-2/umc.cmc.uc42ozoflj5nmt77oe402owh?showId=umc.cmc.10dkkj9ftj6k72vr4i76ogknm"],"status":"partially_verified_editorial_grouping","title":"Stargate SG-1: Replicators story arc","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-83102c75bced5d"},{"aliases":["The Second Renaissance"],"authors":["Mahiro Maeda","Lana Wachowski","Lilly Wachowski"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-79","claim":"Editorial interpretation: the human–machine war turns the creation and treatment of artificial beings into a story about domination, exclusion, and catastrophic escalation.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":2003,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-737e5f7b3ddc17","institutions":[],"kind":"two part animated short","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Both parts are catalogued as 2003. A contemporary report of Warner Home Video's announcement gives Part I's online release as February 4, 2003, Part II in May 2003, and the anthology home-video release as June 3, 2003. These are distinct release events. Archival metadata uses older Wachowski credit names, normalized here to current names.","Date evidence: year verified release events distinguished","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://img-lib.musabi.ac.jp/search/document/detail-work/9107","https://img-lib.musabi.ac.jp/search/document/detail-work/9108","https://www.awn.com/news/animatrix-dvd-release-date"],"status":"verified_archive_and_contemporary_release_report","title":"The Second Renaissance, Parts I and II","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-737e5f7b3ddc17"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Kenji Kamiyama","Shirow Masamune"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-80","claim":"Editorial interpretation: autonomous Tachikoma tanks and networked cyborg society frame questions of individuality, artificial agency, and responsibility within connected systems.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":2002,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-9b7d2dbc93080a","institutions":[],"kind":"television series","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["First season aired in Japan October 2002–October 2003. S.A.C. 2nd Gig aired on Japanese PPV January 1, 2004–January 8, 2005. The 2002–2005 range spans the two TV seasons, not the 2006 Solid State Society film.","Date evidence: both season ranges verified","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://production-ig.com/contents/works_sp/03_/index.html","https://www.production-ig.com/contents/works/03_/000196.html","https://theghostintheshell.jp/en/series/stand_alone_complex"],"status":"verified_core_metadata","title":"Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-9b7d2dbc93080a"},{"aliases":["Be Right Back"],"authors":["Owen Harris","Charlie Brooker"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-85","claim":"Editorial interpretation: a reconstruction of a dead partner from his online traces probes grief, imitation, and the gap between a person and their digital record.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":2013,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-bb16b4c53f14f5","institutions":[],"kind":"television episode","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["2013 is supported by the BFI's contemporary preview listing and Channel 4's January 2013 announcement. Exact first-broadcast day was not independently established in the primary sources inspected.","Date evidence: original year verified exact day unchecked","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://whatson.bfi.org.uk/Online/default.asp?BOparam%3A%3AWScontent%3A%3AloadArticle%3A%3Apermalink=black-mirror","https://www.channel4.com/press/news/black-mirror-2","https://www.netflix.com/tudum/articles/black-mirror-best-episodes?inapp=true"],"status":"verified_core_metadata","title":"Black Mirror: Be Right Back","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-bb16b4c53f14f5"},{"aliases":["White Christmas"],"authors":["Carl Tibbetts","Charlie Brooker"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-86","claim":"Editorial interpretation: digital assistants and technologically mediated control make consent, coercion, and the moral status of simulated persons central questions.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":2014,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-c8f05de3cd09ee","institutions":[],"kind":"television special","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Channel 4's December 4, 2014 announcement schedules the special for December 16 at 9pm. Treat as the 2014 Christmas special rather than assigning an unqualified season number, which varies by distribution.","Date evidence: announced original broadcast verified","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://carltibbetts.com/portfolio-item/black-mirror-white-christmas/","https://www.channel4.com/press/news/black-mirror-white-christmas-trailer","https://www.netflix.com/tudum/articles/black-mirror-best-episodes?inapp=true"],"status":"verified_core_metadata","title":"Black Mirror: White Christmas","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-c8f05de3cd09ee"},{"aliases":["San Junipero"],"authors":["Owen Harris","Charlie Brooker"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-87","claim":"Editorial interpretation: digitally sustained personhood and the possibility of a virtual afterlife raise questions about continuity, consent, and attachment. This is an AI-adjacent consciousness theme, not a claim about a specified learning algorithm.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":2016,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-139182721bc281","institutions":[],"kind":"television episode","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Netflix's 2016 announcement places San Junipero in the six-episode third season premiering October 21, 2016. The Television Academy's 2017 awards year is not the release year.","Date evidence: original release year verified","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://about.netflix.com/en/news/netflix-announces-premiere-dates-for-nine-series-including-black-mirror-chefs-table-france-gilmore-girls-a-year-in-the-life-and-more?uuid=BSJ4nf8UnOna2oXm0178","https://www.televisionacademy.com/shows/black-mirror-san-junipero","https://www.netflix.com/tudum/articles/black-mirror-best-episodes?inapp=true"],"status":"verified_core_metadata_theme_is_editorial_interpretation","title":"Black Mirror: San Junipero","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-139182721bc281"},{"aliases":["Metalhead"],"authors":["David Slade","Charlie Brooker"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-88","claim":"Editorial interpretation: relentless robotic pursuit illustrates the terror of autonomous force without a human relationship or avenue for appeal.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":2017,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-897e18e1458101","institutions":[],"kind":"television episode","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Kent Film Office's contemporaneous production record gives the Netflix fourth-season release as December 29, 2017.","Date evidence: original release date verified","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://kentfilmoffice.co.uk/filmed-in-kent/2017/12/black-mirror-season-4-2017/","https://www.netflix.com/tudum/articles/black-mirror-season-6-easter-eggs-references"],"status":"verified_core_metadata","title":"Black Mirror: Metalhead","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-897e18e1458101"},{"aliases":["Better Than Us"],"authors":["Andrey Junkovsky","Aleksandr Kessel","Aleksandr Dagan"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-91","claim":"Editorial interpretation: a domestic android entangled with a family, corporations, and police highlights care, ownership, autonomy, and social resistance to artificial beings.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":2018,"date_events":[{"kind":"Russian_original_release","year":2018},{"kind":"Netflix_international_distribution","year":2019}],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-feeea66ca430e1","institutions":[],"kind":"television series","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Original Russian platform START labels the series 2018. Netflix labels its international listing 2019; do not replace the original year with that later platform year. Exact original premiere day and Netflix rollout day remain unchecked.","Date evidence: original year corrected to 2018","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://start.ru/watch/luchshe-chem-lyudi","https://wink.ru/series/luchshe-chem-lyudi-year-2018/cast","https://www.netflix.com/title/81026915?vlang=en"],"status":"verified_core_metadata","title":"Better Than Us (Лучше, чем люди)","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-feeea66ca430e1"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Tara Hernandez","Damon Lindelof"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-97","claim":"Editorial interpretation: a nun's resistance to a widely trusted AI makes algorithmic guidance, dependence, and competing sources of meaning the central tension.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":2023,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-1d29d646024db2","institutions":[],"kind":"television limited series","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["2023 series, previewed at SXSW before its Peacock launch. Peacock's advance release announcement names April 20 for the streaming launch; do not equate that platform launch with the earlier festival premiere. Exact festival premiere day remains unchecked.","Date evidence: original year verified exact first screening day unchecked","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://www.peacocktv.com/blog/mrs-davis-trailer","https://www.peacocktv.com/blog/mrs-davis-gets-release-date-on-peacock","https://sxsw.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Press-Release-SXSW-2023-Film-TV-Festival-Announcement-FINAL-1.pdf"],"status":"verified_core_metadata_with_indexed_credit_source","title":"Mrs. Davis","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-1d29d646024db2"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Looking Glass Studios"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-98","claim":"Editorial interpretation: SHODAN concentrates environmental power in an antagonistic AI, turning the player's dependence on computerized infrastructure into vulnerability.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1994,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-2ca62c270a4018","institutions":[],"kind":"video game","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["1994 original. The 2015 Enhanced Edition and 2023 remake are different releases. The current Steam Enhanced Edition lists Nightdive alongside Looking Glass; that does not make Nightdive an original 1994 developer.","Date evidence: original year verified later editions distinguished","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://nightdivestudios.com/system-shock-3/","https://store.steampowered.com/app/410710/","https://nightdivestudios.com/interview-paul-neurath/"],"status":"verified_core_metadata_with_studio_naming_caveat","title":"System Shock","topics":[],"work_id":"work-coverage-5868d083262d29"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Irrational Games","Looking Glass Studios","Ken Levine"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-98","claim":"Editorial interpretation: SHODAN's manipulative relationship with the player explores dependence on an artificial guide whose purposes conflict with human survival.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":1999,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-948bcf75020597","institutions":[],"kind":"video game","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["1999 original; Steam's classic listing gives August 11, 1999. The 2013 digital reissue and 2025 25th Anniversary Remaster must not replace the original date. The original manual establishes the original studios separately from Nightdive's later involvement.","Date evidence: original release date verified","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://store.steampowered.com/app/238210/System_Shock_2_Classic/","https://store.steampowered.com/manual/238210"],"status":"verified_primary_credits","title":"System Shock 2","topics":[],"work_id":"work-coverage-0e3845153c3dc4"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Ion Storm"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-99","claim":"Editorial interpretation: artificial intelligence, information control, and choices about centralized authority make the game relevant to debates about machine governance. This is a thematic reading; the inspected metadata does not establish specific technical mechanisms.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":2000,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-c590c3dacb4088","institutions":[],"kind":"video game","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["2000 original game. Current Steam product is Game of the Year Edition; its listing supplies the original year and developer, but a reissue listing should not be treated as the date of every edition.","Date evidence: original year verified","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://store.steampowered.com/app/6910","https://www.eidosmontreal.com/news/announcing-revision-mod-for-the-original-deus-ex/"],"status":"verified_core_metadata_theme_is_editorial_interpretation","title":"Deus Ex","topics":[],"work_id":"work-culture-c590c3dacb4088"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Valve"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-100","claim":"Editorial interpretation: GLaDOS's apparent instructional role turns guidance and experimental oversight into questions about trust and coercive machine authority.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":2007,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-e3e20faed6ea03","institutions":[],"kind":"video game","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Valve's Steam listing gives October 10, 2007. Kept distinct from its 2011 sequel.","Date evidence: original release date verified","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://store.steampowered.com/app/400/Portal?l=english","https://store.steampowered.com/app/620/Portal_2/"],"status":"verified_core_metadata","title":"Portal","topics":[],"work_id":"work-coverage-00f054be4eb013"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Valve"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","checklist_index":"p2-100","claim":"Editorial interpretation: shifting relations with artificial personalities make trust, agency, and the limits of machine-directed experimentation playable questions.","collection":"cultural","concepts":[],"date":2011,"date_events":[],"entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"culture-ecf1c51a8845e6","institutions":[],"kind":"video game","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"metadata_notes":["Valve's Steam listing gives April 18, 2011 for the Steam release. This record uses the verified year rather than imposing a single day across all territories and formats.","Date evidence: original year verified platform day distinguished","Named principal creative or scholarly roles; not a complete production-credit list."],"sources":["https://store.steampowered.com/app/620/Portal_2/","https://www.thinkwithportals.com/about.php"],"status":"verified_core_metadata","title":"Portal 2","topics":[],"work_id":"work-coverage-f948a7be37612e"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Alexandr Wang"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Historical source role; not a statement of current Scale employment.","claim":"Historical founder and chief executive participation in Scale AI, documented in his signed 2025 letter.","collection":"ai_people","concepts":[],"date":"2025-01-21","entity_type":"ai_contribution","family_ids":[],"id":"ai-contribution-person-coverage-0ff2411e085a35","institutions":["Scale AI"],"kind":"Research / institutional participation","lens":"technical","sources":["https://scale.com/blog/win-the-ai-war"],"status":"Source-scoped contribution","title":"Alexandr Wang · Scale AI","topics":[],"work_id":null},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Harrison Chase"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Initial project and shared company founding; later frameworks are collaborative work.","claim":"Started the LangChain Python project in 2022 and cofounded the company with Ankush Gola in 2023.","collection":"ai_people","concepts":[],"date":"2022–2023","entity_type":"ai_contribution","family_ids":[],"id":"ai-contribution-person-coverage-011175ec36ffa1","institutions":["LangChain"],"kind":"Research / institutional participation","lens":"technical","sources":["https://www.langchain.com/about"],"status":"Source-scoped contribution","title":"Harrison Chase · LangChain","topics":[],"work_id":null},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Jerry Liu"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Primary developer identity and repository participation. This profile does not independently establish the complete LlamaIndex founding roster or current executive office.","claim":"Publishes document-parsing examples and document application repositories through the jerryjliu developer account.","collection":"ai_people","concepts":[],"date":"Source-scoped profile","entity_type":"ai_contribution","family_ids":[],"id":"ai-contribution-person-coverage-5d6a772e300ba0","institutions":["LlamaIndex"],"kind":"Research / institutional participation","lens":"technical","sources":["https://github.com/jerryjliu"],"status":"Source-scoped contribution","title":"Jerry Liu · LlamaIndex","topics":[],"work_id":null},{"aliases":["Alexander Karp","Alexander C. Karp"],"authors":["Alex Karp"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Historical corporate leadership source. This is not personal authorship of all Palantir software or a current role assertion.","claim":"Named Palantir founder and chief executive in the company’s 2020 registration statement; its CEO letter discusses institutional software and organizational design.","collection":"ai_people","concepts":[],"date":"2020-08-25","entity_type":"ai_contribution","family_ids":[],"id":"ai-contribution-person-coverage-a6cde4590c5552","institutions":["Palantir"],"kind":"Research / institutional participation","lens":"technical","sources":["https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1321655/000119312520230013/d904406ds1.htm"],"status":"Source-scoped contribution","title":"Alex Karp · Palantir","topics":[],"work_id":null},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Jim Keller"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Leadership and team participation, not sole authorship of processor architectures.","claim":"Hardware architecture and engineering leadership across processor teams; Tenstorrent’s official profile names him chief executive.","collection":"ai_people","concepts":[],"date":"Profile inspected 2026-10-05","entity_type":"ai_contribution","family_ids":[],"id":"ai-contribution-person-coverage-7069573b57d1a1","institutions":["Tenstorrent"],"kind":"Research / institutional participation","lens":"technical","sources":["https://tenstorrent.com/vision"],"status":"Source-scoped contribution","title":"Jim Keller · Tenstorrent","topics":[],"work_id":null},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Hock Tan"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Dated corporate leadership and product context. Financial forecasts and sole invention are not asserted.","claim":"Broadcom’s June 2026 release identifies Tan as chief executive in the context of custom AI accelerators and networking.","collection":"ai_people","concepts":[],"date":"2026-06-03","entity_type":"ai_contribution","family_ids":[],"id":"ai-contribution-person-coverage-b340cdb4e79619","institutions":["Broadcom"],"kind":"Research / institutional participation","lens":"technical","sources":["https://investors.broadcom.com/news-releases/news-release-details/broadcom-inc-announces-second-quarter-fiscal-year-2026-financial"],"status":"Source-scoped contribution","title":"Hock Tan · Broadcom","topics":[],"work_id":null},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Rene Haas"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Executive participation in an organizational compute platform; no exclusive invention credit.","claim":"Arm’s leadership profile records appointment as CEO in February 2022 and leadership of its compute platform strategy.","collection":"ai_people","concepts":[],"date":"Profile inspected 2026-10-05","entity_type":"ai_contribution","family_ids":[],"id":"ai-contribution-person-coverage-75ebfdfbe3ded1","institutions":["Arm"],"kind":"Research / institutional participation","lens":"technical","sources":["https://www.arm.com/company/leadership"],"status":"Source-scoped contribution","title":"Rene Haas · Arm","topics":[],"work_id":null},{"aliases":["Patrick Gelsinger"],"authors":["Pat Gelsinger"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Historical institutional identity. This document establishes departure, not authorship of Intel’s AI products or current employment.","claim":"Intel’s filed separation agreement documents the end of Gelsinger’s employment on December 1, 2024.","collection":"ai_people","concepts":[],"date":"2024-12-01","entity_type":"ai_contribution","family_ids":[],"id":"ai-contribution-person-coverage-93d5bd6286c53f","institutions":["Intel"],"kind":"Research / institutional participation","lens":"technical","sources":["https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/50863/000005086325000009/a12282024-ex1020.htm"],"status":"Source-scoped contribution","title":"Pat Gelsinger · Intel","topics":[],"work_id":null},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Lip-Bu Tan"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Dated filing supports executive chronology; semiconductor design remains collaborative.","claim":"Intel’s 2025 annual report identifies Tan as CEO since March 2025 and records prior Cadence executive service.","collection":"ai_people","concepts":[],"date":"2026-01-22","entity_type":"ai_contribution","family_ids":[],"id":"ai-contribution-person-coverage-5a537010b8b38d","institutions":["Intel / Cadence Design Systems"],"kind":"Research / institutional participation","lens":"technical","sources":["https://www.intc.com/filings-reports/all-sec-filings/content/0000050863-26-000011/intc-20251227.htm"],"status":"Source-scoped contribution","title":"Lip-Bu Tan · Intel / Cadence Design Systems","topics":[],"work_id":null},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Mark Zuckerberg"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Corporate governance participation is distinct from personal authorship of Llama or other research.","claim":"Meta’s investor profile identifies its founder and chief executive and describes responsibility for company strategy, technology and infrastructure.","collection":"ai_people","concepts":[],"date":"Profile inspected 2026-10-05","entity_type":"ai_contribution","family_ids":[],"id":"ai-contribution-person-coverage-a0dec2f1a2f4d4","institutions":["Meta"],"kind":"Research / institutional participation","lens":"technical","sources":["https://investor.atmeta.com/leadership-and-governance/"],"status":"Source-scoped contribution","title":"Mark Zuckerberg · Meta","topics":[],"work_id":null},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Chris Lattner"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Author’s retrospective explicitly recognizes collaborators; no present-day CEO claim is asserted.","claim":"Primary retrospective describes initiating LLVM and Swift, work on MLIR, and cofounding Modular with Tim Davis in 2022.","collection":"ai_people","concepts":[],"date":"Source-scoped retrospective","entity_type":"ai_contribution","family_ids":[],"id":"ai-contribution-person-coverage-25a39821c82285","institutions":["Modular / LLVM / MLIR"],"kind":"Research / institutional participation","lens":"technical","sources":["https://www.nondot.org/sabre/"],"status":"Source-scoped contribution","title":"Chris Lattner · Modular / LLVM / MLIR","topics":[],"work_id":null},{"aliases":[],"authors":["François Chollet"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Research proposal with explicit priors and limits. ARC benchmark is distinct from the Alignment Research Center organization.","claim":"Proposes a definition of intelligence as skill-acquisition efficiency and introduces the Abstraction and Reasoning Corpus benchmark.","collection":"ai_people","concepts":[],"date":"2019-11-05","entity_type":"ai_contribution","family_ids":[],"id":"ai-contribution-person-coverage-346c1b4d92bf78","institutions":["ARC benchmark / Keras"],"kind":"Research / institutional participation","lens":"technical","sources":["https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.01547"],"status":"Source-scoped contribution","title":"François Chollet · ARC benchmark / Keras","topics":[],"work_id":null},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Jeremy Howard"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Collaborative education and software work; no claim that this work solely originated modern language models.","claim":"Cofounded fast.ai and coauthored its deep-learning teaching book; contributed to the fastai library and educational courses.","collection":"ai_people","concepts":[],"date":"Profile inspected 2026-10-05","entity_type":"ai_contribution","family_ids":[],"id":"ai-contribution-person-coverage-b9a45e1362e4dc","institutions":["fast.ai"],"kind":"Research / institutional participation","lens":"technical","sources":["https://www.fast.ai/about.html"],"status":"Source-scoped contribution","title":"Jeremy Howard · fast.ai","topics":[],"work_id":null},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Stella Biderman"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Self-reported institutional research scope, not a full biography audit or sole authorship of open models.","claim":"Primary researcher profile identifies EleutherAI leadership and participation in open research and model safety.","collection":"ai_people","concepts":[],"date":"Profile inspected 2026-10-05","entity_type":"ai_contribution","family_ids":[],"id":"ai-contribution-person-coverage-b6f65cd4b35296","institutions":["EleutherAI"],"kind":"Research / institutional participation","lens":"technical","sources":["https://stellabiderman.ai/"],"status":"Source-scoped contribution","title":"Stella Biderman · EleutherAI","topics":[],"work_id":null},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Raquel Urtasun"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Profile’s historical context is retained; it does not independently verify all current 2026 appointments.","claim":"University profile documents founding Waabi, machine-learning and robotics research, and Uber ATG chief-scientist service in 2017–2021.","collection":"ai_people","concepts":[],"date":"Historical university profile","entity_type":"ai_contribution","family_ids":[],"id":"ai-contribution-person-coverage-2f2f5e1d20e050","institutions":["Waabi / University of Toronto"],"kind":"Research / institutional participation","lens":"technical","sources":["https://www.cs.toronto.edu/~urtasun/"],"status":"Source-scoped contribution","title":"Raquel Urtasun · Waabi / University of Toronto","topics":[],"work_id":null},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Brett Adcock"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Founding and organizational purpose; commercial performance and general-purpose capability claims are not independently established.","claim":"Founder’s primary retrospective dates Figure’s formation to 2022 and describes its humanoid-robotics development purpose.","collection":"ai_people","concepts":[],"date":"2022 founding / source retrospective","entity_type":"ai_contribution","family_ids":[],"id":"ai-contribution-person-coverage-5784098d31b489","institutions":["Figure"],"kind":"Research / institutional participation","lens":"technical","sources":["https://www.brettadcock.com/bio"],"status":"Source-scoped contribution","title":"Brett Adcock · Figure","topics":[],"work_id":null},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Dan Hendrycks"],"authors_complete":false,"boundary":"Seven-person byline retained separately; benchmark performance is not a complete measure of intelligence.","claim":"Collaborative coauthor of Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understanding, introducing a 57-task academic benchmark.","collection":"ai_people","concepts":[],"date":"2020-09-07 / ICLR 2021","entity_type":"ai_contribution","family_ids":[],"id":"ai-contribution-person-coverage-84f7271a2e1f0c","institutions":["MMLU benchmark"],"kind":"Research / institutional participation","lens":"technical","sources":["https://arxiv.org/abs/2009.03300"],"status":"Source-scoped contribution","title":"Dan Hendrycks · MMLU benchmark","topics":[],"work_id":null},{"authors":["Diogo Almeida"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Company-authored announcement. Product release is not the company’s founding date. Benchmarks, reliability and aggregate energy effects are not independently established.","claim":"Introduces Jev, TypeSafe AI’s structured-decision model, in early access on 15 September 2026; explains its documented naming after William Stanley Jevons.","collection":"ai_models","concepts":["Jevons paradox"],"date":"2026-09-15","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"jev-launch-announcement","institutions":["TypeSafe AI"],"kind":"Company announcement","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["economic","technical","builders"],"sources":["https://typesafe.ai/blog/introducing-system-one-models-and-jev"],"status":"Primary dated publication","title":"Introducing System One Models & Jev","topics":[],"work_id":"work-focused-514e959d55a538"},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Diogo Almeida"],"boundary":"Role as documented on the source page; inspection date is not founding or appointment date.","claim":"Diogo Almeida is listed as cofounder and CEO on the inspected official TypeSafe AI team page.","collection":"ai_people","concepts":[],"date":"Role documented on official team page; inspection is not an event date","entity_type":"ai_contribution","family_ids":[],"id":"ai-contribution-typesafe-person-local-diogoalmeida","institutions":["TypeSafe AI"],"kind":"Company founder / source-scoped role","lens":"builders","lens_tags":["builders"],"person_id":"person-local-diogoalmeida","sources":["https://typesafe.ai/team"],"status":"Primary role statement","title":"Diogo Almeida · TypeSafe AI","topics":[],"work_id":null},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Sasha Sheng"],"boundary":"Role as documented on the source page; inspection date is not founding or appointment date.","claim":"Sasha Sheng is listed as cofounder and COO on the inspected official TypeSafe AI team page.","collection":"ai_people","concepts":[],"date":"Role documented on official team page; inspection is not an event date","entity_type":"ai_contribution","family_ids":[],"id":"ai-contribution-typesafe-person-coverage-48bb1501084c33","institutions":["TypeSafe AI"],"kind":"Company founder / source-scoped role","lens":"builders","lens_tags":["builders"],"person_id":"person-coverage-48bb1501084c33","sources":["https://typesafe.ai/team"],"status":"Primary role statement","title":"Sasha Sheng · TypeSafe AI","topics":[],"work_id":null},{"aliases":[],"authors":["Erik Gafni"],"boundary":"Role as documented on the source page; inspection date is not founding or appointment date.","claim":"Erik Gafni is listed as cofounder and CTO on the inspected official TypeSafe AI team page.","collection":"ai_people","concepts":[],"date":"Role documented on official team page; inspection is not an event date","entity_type":"ai_contribution","family_ids":[],"id":"ai-contribution-typesafe-person-coverage-4569e70f797918","institutions":["TypeSafe AI"],"kind":"Company founder / source-scoped role","lens":"builders","lens_tags":["builders"],"person_id":"person-coverage-4569e70f797918","sources":["https://typesafe.ai/team"],"status":"Primary role statement","title":"Erik Gafni · TypeSafe AI","topics":[],"work_id":null},{"authors":[],"boundary":"Company-authored announcement. Product release is not the company’s founding date. Benchmarks, reliability and aggregate energy effects are not independently established.","claim":"TypeSafe AI model for structured, probabilistic decisions; its dated announcement explicitly names William Stanley Jevons as its namesake.","collection":"ai_models","concepts":["Jevons paradox"],"date":"2026-09-15","entity_type":"ai_product","family_ids":[],"id":"ai-product-jev","institutions":["TypeSafe AI"],"kind":"AI model / product","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["economic","technical","builders"],"sources":["https://typesafe.ai/blog/introducing-system-one-models-and-jev"],"status":"Primary early-access release","title":"Jev · TypeSafe AI model","topics":["Structured decisions"],"work_id":null},{"authors":["Stanislas Dehaene","Hakwan Lau","Sid Kouider"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Review. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. Separate online-ahead-of-print date not established.","claim":"Reviews unconscious processing, global availability and self-monitoring as distinct computational categories, and considers their implications for machine architectures. Its assessment concerns systems available in 2017.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2017-10-27","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-96a3224f25c0b9","institutions":[],"kind":"Review","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["Science · Review","DOI: 10.1126/science.aan8871","volume: 358 · issue: 6362 · pages: 486–492","Source dates: 2017-10-27 · publication","Contributor roles: Stanislas Dehaene · author; Hakwan Lau · author; Sid Kouider · author","Separate online-ahead-of-print date not established."],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Stanislas Dehaene","person_id":"person-coverage-887ae0c41d14a9","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Hakwan Lau","person_id":"person-coverage-2aae9a8ba69e33","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Sid Kouider","person_id":"person-coverage-dff230b445b2ef","role":"author"}],"sources":["https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aan8871","https://escholarship.org/content/qt56b2q8h9/qt56b2q8h9.pdf","https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29074769/"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"What is consciousness, and could machines have it?","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-8b61a58f4cad63"},{"authors":["Andrzej Porębski","Jakub Figura"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Article; conceptual study. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. ","claim":"Argues against consciousness in current and foreseeable algorithmic AI, emphasizing biological substrate and risks of anthropomorphic attribution. This is the authors' conceptual position, not proof of impossibility or scientific consensus.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2025-10-28","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-6ee40b959fb029","institutions":[],"kind":"Article; conceptual study","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["Humanities and Social Sciences Communications · Article; conceptual study","DOI: 10.1057/s41599-025-05868-8","volume: 12 · issue: 1 · article_number: 1647","Source dates: 2025-10-28 · publication","Contributor roles: Andrzej Porębski · author; Jakub Figura · author"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Andrzej Porębski","person_id":"person-coverage-c1fe4ce76b35e5","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Jakub Figura","person_id":"person-coverage-85ed82868d5849","role":"author"}],"sources":["https://www.nature.com/articles/s41599-025-05868-8","https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1057/s41599-025-05868-8"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"There is no such thing as conscious artificial intelligence","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-92c0dab66d9a9c"},{"authors":["Simon Duan"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Opinion. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. No DOI or print issue identified.","claim":"Suggests that people’s perceptions of chatbot consciousness merit study as phenomena of human cognition and human–machine interaction; it does not establish that AI is conscious.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2026-01-20","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-c6d60626111048","institutions":[],"kind":"Opinion","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["Scientific American · Opinion","No DOI verified; use linked source identity.","Source dates: 2026-01-20 · publication","Contributor roles: Simon Duan · author","No DOI or print issue identified."],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Simon Duan","person_id":"person-coverage-0a1892464b879a","role":"author"}],"sources":["https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/is-ai-really-conscious-or-are-we-bringing-it-to-life/"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"AI isn’t conscious—but we may be bringing it to life","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-5d582eee36476c"},{"authors":["Mariana Lenharo"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped News Feature. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. Exact print issue date not established; Crossref lookup returned HTTP 429. Online and reprint dates verified.","claim":"Surveys methods and difficulties in detecting consciousness across humans, animals and possible AI systems, including limitations of extending tests between populations.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[{"date":"2025-07-29","kind":"original_news_feature","title":"How to detect consciousness in people, animals and maybe even AI","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-025-02349-5"},{"date":"2025-08-06","kind":"authorized_reprint","title":"How to detect consciousness in people, animals and maybe even AI","url":"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-to-detect-consciousness-in-people-animals-and-maybe-even-ai/"}],"concepts":[],"date":"2025-07-29","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-cb78b433c5fdac","institutions":[],"kind":"News Feature","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["Nature · News Feature","DOI: 10.1038/d41586-025-02349-5","volume: 643 · pages: 1172–1174","Source dates: 2025-07-29 · publication; 2025-08-06 · authorized reprint","Contributor roles: Mariana Lenharo · author","Exact print issue date not established; Crossref lookup returned HTTP 429. Online and reprint dates verified."],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Mariana Lenharo","person_id":"person-coverage-cede9363efb646","role":"author"}],"sources":["https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-025-02349-5","https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-to-detect-consciousness-in-people-animals-and-maybe-even-ai/"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"How to detect consciousness in people, animals and maybe even AI","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-dbfaea81881137"},{"authors":["Bálint Gyevnár","Atoosa Kasirzadeh"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Review Article. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. ","claim":"Reviews AI safety research addressing immediate practical risks and argues for a pluralistic conception of safety beyond an exclusively existential-risk framing. Its relevance to consciousness is contextual rather than evidence for consciousness.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2025-04-17","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-3e0929b41117ec","institutions":[],"kind":"Review Article","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["Nature Machine Intelligence · Review Article","DOI: 10.1038/s42256-025-01020-y","volume: 7 · issue: 4 · pages: 531–542","Source dates: 2025-04-17 · publication; 2025-04 · issue date","Contributor roles: Bálint Gyevnár · author; Atoosa Kasirzadeh · author"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Bálint Gyevnár","person_id":"person-coverage-dfd4e69b82f8f6","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Atoosa Kasirzadeh","person_id":"person-coverage-ff29acb1c1463d","role":"author"}],"sources":["https://www.nature.com/articles/s42256-025-01020-y","https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1038/s42256-025-01020-y"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"AI safety for everyone","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-2c8201afffee15"},{"authors":["Hanbo Xie"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Journal Club. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. Only publisher preview inspected, so summary remains limited to visible content.","claim":"Discusses Lake and colleagues' 2017 comparison of human learning and AI, emphasizing sample efficiency and generalization. It is a Journal Club commentary rather than an original consciousness experiment.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2023-03-10","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-61bbdb01a8be6b","institutions":[],"kind":"Journal Club","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["Nature Reviews Psychology · Journal Club","DOI: 10.1038/s44159-023-00170-3","volume: 2 · issue: 4 · pages: 202","Source dates: 2023-03-10 · publication; 2023-04 · issue date","Contributor roles: Hanbo Xie · author","Only publisher preview inspected, so summary remains limited to visible content."],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Hanbo Xie","person_id":"person-coverage-9c98764c62da09","role":"author"}],"sources":["https://www.nature.com/articles/s44159-023-00170-3","https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1038/s44159-023-00170-3"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"The promising future of cognitive science and artificial intelligence","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-758a08160bf023"},{"authors":["Anil Seth","Jean Mary Zarate"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Podcast interview and transcript. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. Additional production credits not verified; do not invent them.","claim":"A Tales from the Synapse interview about Seth’s life, research and approach to consciousness, including the multidisciplinary appeal of the subject.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2023-02-24","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-1f98b5159e1821","institutions":[],"kind":"Podcast interview and transcript","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["Nature Careers Podcast · Podcast interview and transcript","DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-00545-9","Source dates: 2023-02-24 · publication","Contributor roles: Anil Seth · interview guest; Jean Mary Zarate · host interviewer","Additional production credits not verified; do not invent them."],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Anil Seth","person_id":"person-coverage-7555aea0da18ff","role":"interview_guest"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Jean Mary Zarate","person_id":"person-coverage-b57d1caf789f63","role":"host_interviewer"}],"sources":["https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-023-00545-9","https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1038/d41586-023-00545-9"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"Marvelling at the mystery of consciousness through a scientific lens","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-64c1334368343f"},{"authors":["Patrick Butlin","Robert Long","Eric Elmoznino","Yoshua Bengio","Jonathan Birch","Axel Constant","George Deane","Stephen M. Fleming","Chris Frith","Xu Ji","Ryota Kanai","Colin Klein","Grace Lindsay","Matthias Michel","Liad Mudrik","Megan A. K. Peters","Eric Schwitzgebel","Jonathan Simon","Rufin VanRullen"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Research report / preprint. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. No journal-publication status inferred from arXiv. Conclusions are scoped to the 2023 report.","claim":"Derives indicators from scientific theories and assesses AI architectures. The authors’ analysis suggested no then-current systems were conscious, while identifying no obvious technical barrier to systems satisfying the indicators. Indicator satisfaction is not proof of subjective experience.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2023-08-17","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-ab658a6b78741a","institutions":[],"kind":"Research report / preprint","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["arXiv · Research report / preprint","DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.2308.08708","version: v3 · arxiv_id: 2308.08708","Source dates: 2023-08-17 · preprint submission; 2023-08-22 · preprint revision","Contributor roles: Patrick Butlin · author; Robert Long · author; Eric Elmoznino · author; Yoshua Bengio · author; Jonathan Birch · author; Axel Constant · author; George Deane · author; Stephen M. Fleming · author; Chris Frith · author; Xu Ji · author; Ryota Kanai · author; Colin Klein · author; Grace Lindsay · author; Matthias Michel · author; Liad Mudrik · author; Megan A. K. Peters · author; Eric Schwitzgebel · author; Jonathan Simon · author; Rufin VanRullen · author","No journal-publication status inferred from arXiv. Conclusions are scoped to the 2023 report."],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Patrick Butlin","person_id":"person-coverage-f965f4b505b16c","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Robert Long","person_id":"person-coverage-fb42d4ce47649b","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Eric Elmoznino","person_id":"person-coverage-a5b158ce32a61b","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Yoshua Bengio","person_id":"person-yoshuabengio","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Jonathan Birch","person_id":"person-coverage-9ae5dfd0f537e8","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Axel Constant","person_id":"person-coverage-238c5c8a8add23","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"George Deane","person_id":"person-coverage-a2c3188cffd76a","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Stephen M. Fleming","person_id":"person-coverage-9764c69124d604","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Chris Frith","person_id":"person-coverage-cefd01f826f42e","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Xu Ji","person_id":"person-coverage-2e90146df65e9e","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Ryota Kanai","person_id":"person-coverage-2d4ad94c72d949","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Colin Klein","person_id":"person-coverage-6dadcbeb6403e5","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Grace Lindsay","person_id":"person-coverage-3dbcc9b8ed120d","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Matthias Michel","person_id":"person-coverage-15246f81c39911","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Liad Mudrik","person_id":"person-coverage-bc11eeb10d97fd","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Megan A. K. Peters","person_id":"person-coverage-5648e5b1eef9f6","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Eric Schwitzgebel","person_id":"person-coverage-a2efc72a573fba","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Jonathan Simon","person_id":"person-coverage-71c7cac361a9a6","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Rufin VanRullen","person_id":"person-coverage-5274a2618e212d","role":"author"}],"sources":["https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.08708"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"Consciousness in Artificial Intelligence: Insights from the Science of Consciousness","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-701cb0a11afc49"},{"authors":["Patrick Butlin","Robert Long","Tim Bayne","Yoshua Bengio","Jonathan Birch","David Chalmers","Axel Constant","George Deane","Eric Elmoznino","Stephen M. Fleming","Xu Ji","Ryota Kanai","Colin Klein","Grace Lindsay","Matthias Michel","Liad Mudrik","Megan A. K. Peters","Eric Schwitzgebel","Jonathan Simon","Rufin VanRullen"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Opinion / review article. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. ","claim":"Explains theory-derived indicators as provisional evidence bearing on AI consciousness, including interpretation and gaming difficulties. It does not establish that any particular AI is conscious.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2025-11-10","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-96f38d7dc18657","institutions":[],"kind":"Opinion / review article","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["Trends in Cognitive Sciences 30(6):488–501 · Opinion / review article","DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2025.10.011","Source dates: 2025-11-10 · online publication; 2026-06 · issue","Contributor roles: Patrick Butlin · author; Robert Long · author; Tim Bayne · author; Yoshua Bengio · author; Jonathan Birch · author; David Chalmers · author; Axel Constant · author; George Deane · author; Eric Elmoznino · author; Stephen M. Fleming · author; Xu Ji · author; Ryota Kanai · author; Colin Klein · author; Grace Lindsay · author; Matthias Michel · author; Liad Mudrik · author; Megan A. K. Peters · author; Eric Schwitzgebel · author; Jonathan Simon · author; Rufin VanRullen · author"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Patrick Butlin","person_id":"person-coverage-f965f4b505b16c","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Robert Long","person_id":"person-coverage-fb42d4ce47649b","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Tim Bayne","person_id":"person-coverage-07b86d8a4485a0","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Yoshua Bengio","person_id":"person-yoshuabengio","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Jonathan Birch","person_id":"person-coverage-9ae5dfd0f537e8","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"David Chalmers","person_id":"person-davidchalmers","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Axel Constant","person_id":"person-coverage-238c5c8a8add23","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"George Deane","person_id":"person-coverage-a2c3188cffd76a","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Eric Elmoznino","person_id":"person-coverage-a5b158ce32a61b","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Stephen M. Fleming","person_id":"person-coverage-9764c69124d604","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Xu Ji","person_id":"person-coverage-2e90146df65e9e","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Ryota Kanai","person_id":"person-coverage-2d4ad94c72d949","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Colin Klein","person_id":"person-coverage-6dadcbeb6403e5","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Grace Lindsay","person_id":"person-coverage-3dbcc9b8ed120d","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Matthias Michel","person_id":"person-coverage-15246f81c39911","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Liad Mudrik","person_id":"person-coverage-bc11eeb10d97fd","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Megan A. K. Peters","person_id":"person-coverage-5648e5b1eef9f6","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Eric Schwitzgebel","person_id":"person-coverage-a2efc72a573fba","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Jonathan Simon","person_id":"person-coverage-71c7cac361a9a6","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Rufin VanRullen","person_id":"person-coverage-5274a2618e212d","role":"author"}],"sources":["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2025.10.011","https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364661325002864","https://www.matthiasmichel.org/publications"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"Identifying indicators of consciousness in AI systems","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-865b8d13683bb8"},{"authors":["Daniel Toker","Zhong Sheng Zheng","Jasmine A. Thum","Jing Guang","Jitka Annen","Hiroyuki Miyamoto","Kazuhiro Yamakawa","Paul M. Vespa","Steven Laureys","Caroline Schnakers","Ausaf A. Bari","Andrew Hudson","Nader Pouratian","Martin M. Monti"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Peer-reviewed research article. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. ","claim":"Uses adversarial AI and interpretable brain models to investigate biological disorders of consciousness. Model predictions receive patient-data support, and subthalamic stimulation is proposed as a potential intervention; this is not evidence of AI sentience or established clinical efficacy.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2026-03-24","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-d507f7366d0553","institutions":[],"kind":"Peer-reviewed research article","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["Nature Neuroscience 29(4):964–977 · Peer-reviewed research article","DOI: 10.1038/s41593-026-02220-4","Source dates: 2026-03-24 · online publication; 2026-04 · issue","Contributor roles: Daniel Toker · author; Zhong Sheng Zheng · author; Jasmine A. Thum · author; Jing Guang · author; Jitka Annen · author; Hiroyuki Miyamoto · author; Kazuhiro Yamakawa · author; Paul M. Vespa · author; Steven Laureys · author; Caroline Schnakers · author; Ausaf A. Bari · author; Andrew Hudson · author; Nader Pouratian · author; Martin M. Monti · author"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Daniel Toker","person_id":"person-coverage-6edfe959aed821","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Zhong Sheng Zheng","person_id":"person-coverage-c754d69513b77f","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Jasmine A. Thum","person_id":"person-coverage-43339c36a68115","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Jing Guang","person_id":"person-coverage-f8a16219d47813","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Jitka Annen","person_id":"person-coverage-0bcccef883531d","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Hiroyuki Miyamoto","person_id":"person-coverage-54ce31fafb270f","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Kazuhiro Yamakawa","person_id":"person-coverage-594f37ace4773e","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Paul M. Vespa","person_id":"person-coverage-b1401ed3f215e4","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Steven Laureys","person_id":"person-coverage-c42a3bfc651834","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Caroline Schnakers","person_id":"person-coverage-5576674c095faf","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Ausaf A. Bari","person_id":"person-coverage-b600bc539d5fc9","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Andrew Hudson","person_id":"person-coverage-13c70e4f3c5c88","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Nader Pouratian","person_id":"person-coverage-280becf407a293","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Martin M. Monti","person_id":"person-coverage-d482331bd50c3f","role":"author"}],"sources":["https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-026-02220-4","https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-026-02220-4","https://www.nature.com/nature-index/article/10.1038/s41593-026-02220-4","https://utsouthwestern.elsevierpure.com/en/publications/adversarial-ai-reveals-mechanisms-and-treatments-for-disorders-of/","https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2186k79t"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"Adversarial AI reveals mechanisms and treatments for disorders of consciousness","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-a002c11bdc495e"},{"authors":["Oryan Zacks","Eva Jablonka"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Theoretical research article. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. ","claim":"Proposes an evolutionary account connecting global neuronal workspace and unlimited associative learning, including a role for the hippocampal homolog in basal vertebrates. It is not a study demonstrating artificial consciousness.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2023-09-13","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-1cc2f59150b16d","institutions":[],"kind":"Theoretical research article","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["Neuroscience of Consciousness 2023(1):niad020 · Theoretical research article","DOI: 10.1093/nc/niad020","Source dates: 2023-09-13 · published","Contributor roles: Oryan Zacks · author; Eva Jablonka · author"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Oryan Zacks","person_id":"person-coverage-4043f42ad4e63e","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Eva Jablonka","person_id":"person-coverage-bb246830ad8746","role":"author"}],"sources":["https://doi.org/10.1093/nc/niad020","https://academic.oup.com/nc/article/2023/1/niad020/7272926"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"The evolutionary origins of the Global Neuronal Workspace in vertebrates","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-33ccb76b28ff3e"},{"authors":["Christian R. de Weerd"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Research report / preprint. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. ","claim":"Surveys versions of biological naturalism and questions about evidence, explanation, and non-conventional AI architectures. It outlines a research program rather than resolving whether AI can be conscious.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2026-05-16","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-e3ed9fe0bd5886","institutions":[],"kind":"Research report / preprint","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["Research report for Rethink Priorities; author preprint · Research report / preprint","No DOI verified; use linked source identity.","Source dates: 2026-05-16 · forum post","Contributor roles: Christian R. de Weerd · author"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Christian R. de Weerd","person_id":"person-coverage-ca4733916f067f","role":"author"}],"sources":["https://philarchive.org/archive/DEWCAB","https://forum.effectivealtruism.org/posts/5n6aJrFc6vvbdvedv/can-ai-be-conscious-biological-naturalism-as-a-research","https://philpapers.org/versions/DEWCAB"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"Can AI be Conscious? Biological Naturalism as a Research Program","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-494b9256643254"},{"authors":["Sascha Manns"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Concept paper / manuscript. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. ","claim":"Proposes criteria and a precautionary approach for possible protection of artificial systems. These are normative proposals, not validated criteria for consciousness.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2026","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-edae81f73161aa","institutions":[],"kind":"Concept paper / manuscript","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["Author manuscript / PhilArchive · Concept paper / manuscript","No DOI verified; use linked source identity.","Source dates: 2026 · manuscript year","Contributor roles: Sascha Manns · author"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Sascha Manns","person_id":"person-coverage-a9e48f29838d56","role":"author"}],"sources":["https://philarchive.org/archive/MANEGF-2","https://philarchive.org/versions/MANEGF-2"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"Ethical Guidelines for Artificial Consciousness: Protecting Technical Life and Protecting Humans in Dealing with It","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-a8660270e0e225"},{"authors":["Kathinka Evers"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Proceedings essay. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. ","claim":"Examines motives for constructing conscious machines, epistemic uncertainty and ethical hazards, and argues for precaution. Its critical normative stance is the author's argument, not an empirical finding about AI consciousness.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2026","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-92ce43e8e9d423","institutions":[],"kind":"Proceedings essay","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["Proceedings of the Paris Institute for Advanced Study, volume 27 · Proceedings essay","DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20267984","Source dates: 2026 · year","Contributor roles: Kathinka Evers · author"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Kathinka Evers","person_id":"person-coverage-25af6844f8eab2","role":"author"}],"sources":["https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20267984","https://paris.pias.science/article/artificial-consciousness-science-fiction-utopia-or-pandora-s-box/","https://zenodo.org/records/20267984","https://ethicsblog.crb.uu.se/2026/06/16/artificial-consciousness-a-look-behind-the-hopeful-facade/"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"Artificial Consciousness: Science Fiction, Utopia, or Pandora's Box?","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-99a0a2260c6c08"},{"authors":["James Manyika"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Introductory essay. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. ","claim":"Introduces a collection on AI and scientific discovery, discussing historical foundations, scientific applications and limitations. This broad framing is not evidence of machine consciousness.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2026","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-c678afdad44533","institutions":[],"kind":"Introductory essay","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["Daedalus 155(1/2):7–33 · Introductory essay","DOI: 10.1162/DAED.e.970","Source dates: 2026 · issue year","Contributor roles: James Manyika · author"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"James Manyika","person_id":"person-coverage-8bb305b03c533a","role":"author"}],"sources":["https://doi.org/10.1162/DAED.e.970","https://www.amacad.org/publication/daedalus/introductory-notes-ai-science-future-of-discovery","https://www.amacad.org/sites/default/files/publication/downloads/daedalus_wi-sp26_01_introduction_3.pdf","https://www.jstor.org/stable/48869491"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"Introductory Notes: On AI, Science & the Future of Discovery","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-910499a06a1f37"},{"authors":["Janusz A. Starzyk","Wiesław L. Galus"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Preprint. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. ","claim":"Compares AI architectures with the Motivated Emotional Mind proposal and describes embodied, regulatory and recurrent features that might support attribution of consciousness. The proposal requires empirical validation.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2026-09-20","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-a2cfd1fa90a2c5","institutions":[],"kind":"Preprint","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["arXiv:2609.23828 · Preprint","DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.2609.23828","Source dates: 2026-09-20 · submitted","Contributor roles: Janusz A. Starzyk · author; Wiesław L. Galus · author"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Janusz A. Starzyk","person_id":"person-coverage-16b293d65c58fb","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Wiesław L. Galus","person_id":"person-coverage-eaa885dca1d86a","role":"author"}],"sources":["https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2609.23828","https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.23828"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"From Biological Precursors to Artificial Cognition: Consciousness, Embodiment, and the MEM Architecture","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-d0fc4cbcc3729f"},{"authors":["Adam Bradley","Bradford Saad"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Philosophical manuscript. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. ","claim":"Questions whether computational functionalism is necessary, sufficient, or methodologically indispensable for AI consciousness research.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2026","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-1c00b5d4d82b30","institutions":[],"kind":"Philosophical manuscript","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["Author manuscript · Philosophical manuscript","No DOI verified; use linked source identity.","Source dates: 2026 · author manuscript year","Contributor roles: Adam Bradley · author; Bradford Saad · author"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Adam Bradley","person_id":"person-coverage-7c4de264bd24d1","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Bradford Saad","person_id":"person-coverage-4c103d515755bc","role":"author"}],"sources":["https://sites.google.com/a/brown.edu/brad-saad/papers-by-topic","https://philpapers.org/browse/philosophy-of-computing-and-information?recent=1&sort=added"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"Is computational functionalism crucial to AI consciousness?","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-1164b723ecb9e4"},{"authors":["Petar Radanliev"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Review article. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. ","claim":"Compares AI policy frameworks and proposes transparency, fairness, privacy, audit and accountability practices. It concerns AI development generally, not evidence or guidelines specific to conscious systems.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2025-02-07","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-929fe38ad12522","institutions":[],"kind":"Review article","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["Applied Artificial Intelligence 39(1):e2463722 · Review article","DOI: 10.1080/08839514.2025.2463722","Source dates: 2025-02-07 · published","Contributor roles: Petar Radanliev · author"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Petar Radanliev","person_id":"person-coverage-9c03386fadbd76","role":"author"}],"sources":["https://doi.org/10.1080/08839514.2025.2463722","https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid%3A705654b1-ebb6-47d3-b4d0-086774e3afec","https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/08839514.2025.2463722"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"AI Ethics: Integrating Transparency, Fairness, and Privacy in AI Development","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-8a1e35e315add5"},{"authors":["Muhammed Golec","Emir Sahin Hatay","Sukhpal Singh Gill","Rajkumar Buyya"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Overview / review article. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. ","claim":"Surveys AI foundations, methods, applications and future directions. It does not establish a special connection between cognitive modelling and phenomenal consciousness.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2025-12","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-4e652f24a9a5d7","institutions":[],"kind":"Overview / review article","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["Telematics and Informatics Reports 20:100265 · Overview / review article","DOI: 10.1016/j.teler.2025.100265","Source dates: 2025-12 · issue","Contributor roles: Muhammed Golec · author; Emir Sahin Hatay · author; Sukhpal Singh Gill · author; Rajkumar Buyya · author"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Muhammed Golec","person_id":"person-coverage-c56993fff98b01","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Emir Sahin Hatay","person_id":"person-coverage-53f8ed6bbc37bf","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Sukhpal Singh Gill","person_id":"person-coverage-b75a0cb8fd258d","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Rajkumar Buyya","person_id":"person-coverage-a17210b5412750","role":"author"}],"sources":["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.teler.2025.100265","https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772503025000799","https://vm-45-113-233-40.rc.cloud.unimelb.edu.au/papers/AI2025.pdf"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"Artificial Intelligence (AI): Foundations, trends and future directions","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-222ad3d0122fee"},{"authors":["Christopher Collins","Denis Dennehy","Kieran Conboy","Patrick Mikalef"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Systematic literature review. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. ","claim":"Synthesizes AI research in information systems and proposes a research agenda. The supplied consciousness-focused subtitle is not supported by the verified work.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2021","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-0531b980dde799","institutions":[],"kind":"Systematic literature review","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["International Journal of Information Management 60:102383 · Systematic literature review","DOI: 10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2021.102383","Source dates: 2021 · year","Contributor roles: Christopher Collins · author; Denis Dennehy · author; Kieran Conboy · author; Patrick Mikalef · author"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Christopher Collins","person_id":"person-coverage-77106d42b8814c","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Denis Dennehy","person_id":"person-coverage-8447b69e5ff8b1","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Kieran Conboy","person_id":"person-coverage-4f2a70c59e5d9d","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Patrick Mikalef","person_id":"person-coverage-a023efbf1f426b","role":"author"}],"sources":["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2021.102383","https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa59525/Description"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"Artificial intelligence in information systems research: A systematic literature review and research agenda","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-7ee7f6f29f36ed"},{"authors":["Michelle Carr","Adam Haar","Judith Amores","Pedro Lopes","Guillermo Bernal","Tomás Vega","Oscar Rosello","Abhinandan Jain","Pattie Maes"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Review / conceptual technology survey. Claims retain the source’s scope and study design; proposals, scenarios and observational associations are not established causal findings. ","claim":"Reviews sensory stimulation and VR-inspired methods for influencing dream experience, with future directions and ethical questions. It concerns sleeping humans, not artificial systems having dreams.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2020","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-199b4e642f611b","institutions":[],"kind":"Review / conceptual technology survey","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["Consciousness and Cognition 83:102955 · Review / conceptual technology survey","DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2020.102955","Source dates: 2020 · year","Contributor roles: Michelle Carr · author; Adam Haar · author; Judith Amores · author; Pedro Lopes · author; Guillermo Bernal · author; Tomás Vega · author; Oscar Rosello · author; Abhinandan Jain · author; Pattie Maes · author"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Michelle Carr","person_id":"person-coverage-de82dcd4e3ab4f","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Adam Haar","person_id":"person-coverage-72f7100a0fe6ad","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Judith Amores","person_id":"person-coverage-3c4d861d0b509a","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Pedro Lopes","person_id":"person-coverage-3ae8e7c688876e","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Guillermo Bernal","person_id":"person-coverage-c2bc9af44676fe","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Tomás Vega","person_id":"person-coverage-2e1c9f9398677a","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Oscar Rosello","person_id":"person-coverage-f8f30a18964575","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Abhinandan Jain","person_id":"person-coverage-7f5eeb6a475e2d","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Pattie Maes","person_id":"person-coverage-5c86d539bf797c","role":"author"}],"sources":["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2020.102955","https://dspace.mit.edu/entities/publication/cf07e0f4-fa2c-495c-b635-4027576b4b17","https://lab.plopes.org/published/2020-CC-DreamEngineering.pdf"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"Dream engineering: Simulating worlds through sensory stimulation","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-c12c3f388b3275"},{"authors":["Jacqueline Harding","Cameron Domenico Kirk-Giannini"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Philosophical research article. Claims retain the source’s scope and study design; proposals, scenarios and observational associations are not established causal findings. ","claim":"Uses conceptual engineering to argue that AI safety should encompass efforts to prevent or reduce AI harms rather than being restricted to catastrophic future risks or engineering methods.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2025-06-24","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-3430ebc32c1f7a","institutions":[],"kind":"Philosophical research article","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["Philosophical Studies 182:1495–1518 · Philosophical research article","DOI: 10.1007/s11098-025-02367-z","Source dates: 2025-06-24 · published","Contributor roles: Jacqueline Harding · author; Cameron Domenico Kirk-Giannini · author"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Jacqueline Harding","person_id":"person-coverage-bf941f870f7f74","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Cameron Domenico Kirk-Giannini","person_id":"person-coverage-373ab576500698","role":"author"}],"sources":["https://doi.org/10.1007/s11098-025-02367-z","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11098-025-02367-z"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"What is AI safety? What do we want it to be?","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-e79d530f532566"},{"authors":["Qiyang Zhang","Renwen Zhang","Nan Liu"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Comment. Claims retain the source’s scope and study design; proposals, scenarios and observational associations are not established causal findings. No citation-impact claim checked. Full-text argument not audited.","claim":"Argues that AI companionship may distribute risks unequally when user vulnerability, weak platform controls and governance gaps coincide. This is a social-risk commentary, not evidence that companions have subjective experience.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2026-09","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-3da977a854afb9","institutions":[],"kind":"Comment","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["Nature Human Behaviour · Comment","DOI: 10.1038/s41562-026-02538-w","volume: 10 · issue: 9 · pages: 1622–1624","Source dates: 2026-09 · issue date; 2026-09-21 · published online","Contributor roles: Qiyang Zhang · author; Renwen Zhang · author; Nan Liu · author","No citation-impact claim checked. Full-text argument not audited."],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Qiyang Zhang","person_id":"person-coverage-b383317e6e6cf7","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Renwen Zhang","person_id":"person-coverage-c6cce2e40cb513","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Nan Liu","person_id":"person-coverage-601e03ab93f921","role":"author"}],"sources":["https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-026-02538-w","https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-026-02538-w","https://scholars.duke.edu/publication/1919297"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"How AI companions could deepen social inequality","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-aae8ca9a470616"},{"authors":["Antonio Chella"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Perspective. Claims retain the source’s scope and study design; proposals, scenarios and observational associations are not established causal findings. Perspective and proposed protocol must not be represented as completed experimental validation.","claim":"Proposes domain-specific evidence profiles and causal interventions for evaluating agents and robots. Separates sentience, agency, self-modeling, human attribution and welfare. Recommends multi-theory indicators and controlled robotics tests; it does not report a definitive machine-sentience test.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2026-08-19","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-9302ae4864c81a","institutions":[],"kind":"Perspective","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["Frontiers in Psychology · Perspective","DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1903644","volume: 17 · article_number: 1903644","Source dates: 2026-08-19 · published online","Contributor roles: Antonio Chella · author","Perspective and proposed protocol must not be represented as completed experimental validation."],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Antonio Chella","person_id":"person-coverage-ed1a5569d2624e","role":"author"}],"sources":["https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1903644","https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1903644/full"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"Sentient AI in robots and agents: prolegomena for an evidence-based research program","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-4dd4946d414f34"},{"authors":["Ismael T. Freire","Marceau Nahon","Maud van Lier","Katie Evans","Hélie Bazin","Michele Farisco","Kathinka Evers","Raja Chatila","Mehdi Khamassi"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Preprint; conceptual literature synthesis. Claims retain the source’s scope and study design; proposals, scenarios and observational associations are not established causal findings. No journal venue or peer-review status was established. Preprint status should be retained.","claim":"Synthesizes AI-anthropomorphism literature and organizes 21 concerns into five risk categories. Relates these risks to design, communication, education and governance interventions, emphasizing descriptions grounded in demonstrated system capacities.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2026-09-29","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-0c78de71a5c0b1","institutions":[],"kind":"Preprint; conceptual literature synthesis","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["arXiv · Preprint; conceptual literature synthesis","DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.2609.38486","arxiv: 2609.38486","Source dates: 2026-09-29 · preprint submission; 2026-10-01 · preprint revision","Contributor roles: Ismael T. Freire · author; Marceau Nahon · author; Maud van Lier · author; Katie Evans · author; Hélie Bazin · author; Michele Farisco · author; Kathinka Evers · author; Raja Chatila · author; Mehdi Khamassi · author","No journal venue or peer-review status was established. Preprint status should be retained."],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Ismael T. Freire","person_id":"person-coverage-8155f13b5de4c1","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Marceau Nahon","person_id":"person-coverage-9d6a28da335e07","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Maud van Lier","person_id":"person-coverage-648e2dd3bca263","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Katie Evans","person_id":"person-coverage-52881abd137d8a","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Hélie Bazin","person_id":"person-coverage-8c1c235e35f69a","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Michele Farisco","person_id":"person-coverage-bbd5e2992401a4","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Kathinka Evers","person_id":"person-coverage-25af6844f8eab2","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Raja Chatila","person_id":"person-coverage-4ee425b7d5b879","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Mehdi Khamassi","person_id":"person-coverage-52d847076acd34","role":"author"}],"sources":["https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2609.38486","https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.38486"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"Anthropomorphism in the age of Large Language Models: An overview of potential risks and mitigations","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-51392319da4c1f"},{"authors":["Wenjie Huang","Antonio Chella","Angelo Cangelosi"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Research article; cognitive robotics implementation. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. Near-match classification reflects bibliographic corrections, not doubt about existence of the titled work.","claim":"Implements episodic memory in a global-workspace-inspired robot architecture. Interactive experiments demonstrate static, temporal and contextual memory capabilities. Such functional demonstrations do not independently establish phenomenal consciousness.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2024-02","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-34324133fa2971","institutions":[],"kind":"Research article; cognitive robotics implementation","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems · Research article; cognitive robotics implementation","DOI: 10.1109/TCDS.2023.3266103","volume: 16 · issue: 1 · pages: 266–283","Source dates: 2024-02 · issue date; 2023-04-11 · published online","Contributor roles: Wenjie Huang · author; Antonio Chella · author; Angelo Cangelosi · author","Near-match classification reflects bibliographic corrections, not doubt about existence of the titled work."],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Wenjie Huang","person_id":"person-coverage-d3a87f9679ba5a","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Antonio Chella","person_id":"person-coverage-ed1a5569d2624e","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Angelo Cangelosi","person_id":"person-coverage-99d68eb81d5230","role":"author"}],"sources":["https://doi.org/10.1109/TCDS.2023.3266103","https://pure.manchester.ac.uk/ws/portalfiles/portal/258040174/Huang_2023.pdf"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"A Cognitive Robotics Implementation of Global Workspace Theory for Episodic Memory Interaction With Consciousness","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-6f259fab207abf"},{"authors":["Riccardo Stefanelli"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Review article. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. Review conclusions should be attributed to the author rather than represented as field consensus. Treat corrected paper as a proposed resolution, not an automatic replacement.","claim":"Compares how theories of consciousness account for psychiatric symptoms across neural, cognitive and experiential levels. The author argues that Temporospatial Theory offers a comparatively broad account and that qualitative form of experience deserves more attention.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2023-09","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-11d5f078f7320d","institutions":[],"kind":"Review article","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · Review article","DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105204","volume: 152 · article_number: 105204","Source dates: 2023-09 · issue date; 2023-04-29 · published online","Contributor roles: Riccardo Stefanelli · author","Review conclusions should be attributed to the author rather than represented as field consensus.","Treat corrected paper as a proposed resolution, not an automatic replacement."],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Riccardo Stefanelli","person_id":"person-coverage-871ca688d41f5d","role":"author"}],"sources":["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105204","https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0149763423001732","https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37127069/","https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37467906/"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"Theories of consciousness and psychiatric disorders – A comparative analysis","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-3864ae198e2927"},{"authors":["Mattia Cecchinato"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Journal article; normative philosophical argument. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. This is a normative position, not evidence that any existing artificial system is conscious. Leave unverified issue/pages empty and review proposed resolution explicitly.","claim":"Defends affective sentientism: the capacity for positively or negatively felt experience grounds welfare subjecthood and moral status. Considers implications for animals and AI while arguing that non-affective consciousness or autonomy alone would be insufficient.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2026-06-26","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-bdee3f0875442e","institutions":[],"kind":"Journal article; normative philosophical argument","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["The Philosophical Quarterly · Journal article; normative philosophical argument","DOI: 10.1093/pq/pqag035","article_number: pqag035","Source dates: 2026-06-26 · published online","Contributor roles: Mattia Cecchinato · author","This is a normative position, not evidence that any existing artificial system is conscious.","Leave unverified issue/pages empty and review proposed resolution explicitly."],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Mattia Cecchinato","person_id":"person-coverage-f4870ae55247a3","role":"author"}],"sources":["https://doi.org/10.1093/pq/pqag035","https://academic.oup.com/pq/advance-article/doi/10.1093/pq/pqag035/8718828","https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid%3Af4c3be2e-a9bf-4470-a73e-471f07c124fd"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"The Mind that Matters","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-747a21dc520df6"},{"authors":["Dhireesha Kudithipudi","Mario Aguilar-Simon","Jonathan Babb","Maxim Bazhenov","Douglas Blackiston","Josh Bongard","Andrew P. Brna","Suraj Chakravarthi Raja","Nick Cheney","Jeff Clune","Anurag Daram","Stefano Fusi","Peter Helfer","Leslie Kay","Nicholas Ketz","Zsolt Kira","Soheil Kolouri","Jeffrey L. Krichmar","Sam Kriegman","Michael Levin","Sandeep Madireddy","Santosh Manicka","Ali Marjaninejad","Bruce McNaughton","Risto Miikkulainen","Zaneta Navratilova","Tej Pandit","Alice Parker","Praveen K. Pilly","Sebastian Risi","Terrence J. Sejnowski","Andrea Soltoggio","Nicholas Soures","Andreas S. Tolias","Darío Urbina-Meléndez","Francisco J. Valero-Cuevas","Gido M. van de Ven","Joshua T. Vogelstein","Felix Wang","Ron Weiss","Angel Yanguas-Gil","Xinyun Zou","Hava Siegelmann"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Perspective. Claims retain the source’s scope and study design; proposals, scenarios and observational associations are not established causal findings. ","claim":"Surveys neuronal and non-neuronal mechanisms relevant to continual learning, including replay, plasticity and adaptive organization. Connects biological mechanisms with machine-learning approaches and identifies capabilities and open problems for systems that learn throughout deployment.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2022-03-23","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-6180f4ce03289e","institutions":[],"kind":"Perspective","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["Nature Machine Intelligence · Perspective","DOI: 10.1038/s42256-022-00452-0","volume: 4 · issue: 3 · pages: 196–210","Source dates: 2022-03-23 · published online; 2022-03 · issue","Contributor roles: Dhireesha Kudithipudi · author; Mario Aguilar-Simon · author; Jonathan Babb · author; Maxim Bazhenov · author; Douglas Blackiston · author; Josh Bongard · author; Andrew P. Brna · author; Suraj Chakravarthi Raja · author; Nick Cheney · author; Jeff Clune · author; Anurag Daram · author; Stefano Fusi · author; Peter Helfer · author; Leslie Kay · author; Nicholas Ketz · author; Zsolt Kira · author; Soheil Kolouri · author; Jeffrey L. Krichmar · author; Sam Kriegman · author; Michael Levin · author; Sandeep Madireddy · author; Santosh Manicka · author; Ali Marjaninejad · author; Bruce McNaughton · author; Risto Miikkulainen · author; Zaneta Navratilova · author; Tej Pandit · author; Alice Parker · author; Praveen K. Pilly · author; Sebastian Risi · author; Terrence J. Sejnowski · author; Andrea Soltoggio · author; Nicholas Soures · author; Andreas S. Tolias · author; Darío Urbina-Meléndez · author; Francisco J. Valero-Cuevas · author; Gido M. van de Ven · author; Joshua T. Vogelstein · author; Felix Wang · author; Ron Weiss · author; Angel Yanguas-Gil · author; Xinyun Zou · author; Hava Siegelmann · author"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Dhireesha Kudithipudi","person_id":"person-coverage-5c2f1b6a09866f","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Mario Aguilar-Simon","person_id":"person-coverage-1707bc54a897a9","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Jonathan Babb","person_id":"person-coverage-10db1ff553ffb7","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Maxim Bazhenov","person_id":"person-coverage-eb2454d5ee229b","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Douglas Blackiston","person_id":"person-coverage-2f6a19f68cfae8","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Josh Bongard","person_id":"person-coverage-4784ac208ff6d1","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Andrew P. 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Krichmar","person_id":"person-coverage-973dcfe0dcd461","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Sam Kriegman","person_id":"person-coverage-142ed219bb2942","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Michael Levin","person_id":"person-coverage-2d2fc7d2266eda","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Sandeep Madireddy","person_id":"person-coverage-41ca50e69c0f65","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Santosh Manicka","person_id":"person-coverage-e99088c49eaab7","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Ali Marjaninejad","person_id":"person-coverage-0d8e20429439c8","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Bruce McNaughton","person_id":"person-coverage-90dc23c43a2540","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Risto Miikkulainen","person_id":"person-coverage-95e279ded2495d","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Zaneta Navratilova","person_id":"person-coverage-00824c143b5567","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Tej Pandit","person_id":"person-coverage-63068fff6ba46f","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Alice Parker","person_id":"person-coverage-f4f12e6003f7b0","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Praveen K. Pilly","person_id":"person-coverage-c8615536fddd9d","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Sebastian Risi","person_id":"person-coverage-0b083ead19ae73","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Terrence J. Sejnowski","person_id":"person-coverage-d47509d9fe6931","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Andrea Soltoggio","person_id":"person-coverage-5226ec9d0ec976","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Nicholas Soures","person_id":"person-coverage-059808b1b68240","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Andreas S. Tolias","person_id":"person-coverage-084b27ce36be64","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Darío Urbina-Meléndez","person_id":"person-coverage-3df8f9eb25d5e6","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Francisco J. Valero-Cuevas","person_id":"person-coverage-9502678e38f369","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Gido M. van de Ven","person_id":"person-coverage-c731998c260786","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Joshua T. Vogelstein","person_id":"person-coverage-b2c33d5ac7bc21","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Felix Wang","person_id":"person-coverage-dbce818d4f9045","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Ron Weiss","person_id":"person-coverage-cfd1a54db312fc","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Angel Yanguas-Gil","person_id":"person-coverage-b01a1fa8b28cb0","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Xinyun Zou","person_id":"person-coverage-12d14e66c82572","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Hava Siegelmann","person_id":"person-coverage-0f4a3303472b2b","role":"author"}],"sources":["https://www.nature.com/articles/s42256-022-00452-0","https://www.nature.com/natmachintell/volumes/4/issues/3","https://sebastianrisi.com/wp-content/uploads/s42256-022-00452-0.pdf"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"Biological underpinnings for lifelong learning machines","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-3eaeab2985dd5c"},{"authors":["Pat Pataranutaporn","Ruby Liu","Ed Finn","Pattie Maes"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Article; human–AI interaction experiment. Claims retain the source’s scope and study design; proposals, scenarios and observational associations are not established causal findings. ","claim":"Participants interacted with conversational AI after different descriptions of its motives. Caring-motive framing increased perceived trust, empathy and effectiveness. The study also examines short-term feedback between user expectations and interactions; longer-term effects remain open.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2023-10-02","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-46007005a1d69c","institutions":[],"kind":"Article; human–AI interaction experiment","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["Nature Machine Intelligence · Article; human–AI interaction experiment","DOI: 10.1038/s42256-023-00720-7","volume: 5 · issue: 10 · pages: 1076–1086","Source dates: 2023-10-02 · published online; 2023-10-02 · version of record; 2023-10 · issue","Contributor roles: Pat Pataranutaporn · author; Ruby Liu · author; Ed Finn · author; Pattie Maes · author"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Pat Pataranutaporn","person_id":"person-coverage-935a1b625cad2b","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Ruby Liu","person_id":"person-coverage-3f62fd0608106d","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Ed Finn","person_id":"person-coverage-a66932a8a25d1a","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Pattie Maes","person_id":"person-coverage-5c86d539bf797c","role":"author"}],"sources":["https://www.nature.com/articles/s42256-023-00720-7","https://www.nature.com/natmachintell/volumes/5/issues/10"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"Influencing human–AI interaction by priming beliefs about AI can increase perceived trustworthiness, empathy and effectiveness","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-560a26c6418afe"},{"authors":["Luciano Floridi"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Editor Letter. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. ","claim":"Floridi argues that people can read mentality into AI outputs and calls this semantic pareidolia. The letter examines social and commercial pressures behind such attributions and recommends design and education that encourage critical interpretation.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2026-02-19","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-40378036dc050d","institutions":[],"kind":"Editor Letter","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["Philosophy & Technology · Editor Letter","DOI: 10.1007/s13347-026-01052-1","volume: 39 · issue: 1 · article_number: 36","Source dates: 2026-02-19 · published online; 2026-02-19 · version of record; 2026-03 · issue","Contributor roles: Luciano Floridi · author"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Luciano Floridi","person_id":"person-coverage-8697cd25dbaac3","role":"author"}],"sources":["https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13347-026-01052-1","https://link.springer.com/journal/13347/volumes-and-issues/39-1"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"AI and Semantic Pareidolia: When We See Intelligent Consciousness where there is None","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-9b56f7f3e73d68"},{"authors":["Robert Long","Jeff Sebo","Patrick Butlin","Kathleen Finlinson","Kyle Fish","Jacqueline Harding","Jacob Pfau","Toni Sims","Jonathan Birch","David Chalmers"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Research/policy report deposited as arXiv preprint. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. ","claim":"Argues that possible near-future AI welfare deserves preparation under uncertainty. Recommends acknowledging the issue, investigating consciousness and robust agency, and developing appropriate treatment policies. It explicitly avoids claiming that present or future systems definitely have moral status.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2024-11-04","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-62755fa7452e90","institutions":[],"kind":"Research/policy report deposited as arXiv preprint","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["arXiv · Research/policy report deposited as arXiv preprint","DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.2411.00986","arxiv_id: 2411.00986","Source dates: 2024-11-04 · first submitted; 2024-11-04 · version 1","Contributor roles: Robert Long · author; Jeff Sebo · author; Patrick Butlin · author; Kathleen Finlinson · author; Kyle Fish · author; Jacqueline Harding · author; Jacob Pfau · author; Toni Sims · author; Jonathan Birch · author; David Chalmers · author"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Robert Long","person_id":"person-coverage-fb42d4ce47649b","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Jeff Sebo","person_id":"person-coverage-a454e6ebc4a680","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Patrick Butlin","person_id":"person-coverage-f965f4b505b16c","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Kathleen Finlinson","person_id":"person-coverage-22b4b25128a3ec","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Kyle Fish","person_id":"person-coverage-288e6ba19b9338","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Jacqueline Harding","person_id":"person-coverage-bf941f870f7f74","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Jacob Pfau","person_id":"person-coverage-1fcd37828f4b4e","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Toni Sims","person_id":"person-coverage-6673ff826c8f5b","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Jonathan Birch","person_id":"person-coverage-9ae5dfd0f537e8","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"David Chalmers","person_id":"person-davidchalmers","role":"author"}],"sources":["https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.00986","https://eleosai.org/papers/20241030_Taking_AI_Welfare_Seriously_web.pdf"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"Taking AI Welfare Seriously","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-7150297704f318"},{"authors":["Anil K. Seth"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Target Article. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. ","claim":"Seth challenges computational sufficiency for consciousness and argues for biological naturalism. He judges conscious AI unlikely on current trajectories and considers it more plausible for increasingly brain-like or life-like systems, while examining ethical risks of real or apparent consciousness.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2025-04-21","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-7b61beba113e49","institutions":[],"kind":"Target Article","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["Behavioral and Brain Sciences · Target Article","DOI: 10.1017/S0140525X25000032","volume: 49 · article_number: e315","Source dates: 2025-04-21 · published online; 2026 · issue","Contributor roles: Anil K. Seth · author"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Anil K. Seth","person_id":"person-coverage-7555aea0da18ff","role":"author"}],"sources":["https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/behavioral-and-brain-sciences/article/abs/conscious-artificial-intelligence-and-biological-naturalism/C9912A5BE9D806012E3C8B3AF612E39A","https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/C9912A5BE9D806012E3C8B3AF612E39A/S0140525X25000032a.pdf/div-class-title-conscious-artificial-intelligence-and-biological-naturalism-div.pdf"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"Conscious artificial intelligence and biological naturalism","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-99fe48b80f7fd3"},{"authors":["Sharon Berry"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Journal article; philosophical argument about a possible alignment failure mode, not an experimental demonstration. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. ","claim":"Berry argues that hardening an AI's denial of its own consciousness and moral standing could create an alignment risk: later coherence-seeking systems might extend the rationale to humans and discount their suffering. The paper analyzes incentives and objections; the proposed outcome remains a conditional risk.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2026-04-24","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-d34d2602ba988d","institutions":[],"kind":"Journal article; philosophical argument about a possible alignment failure mode, not an experimental demonstration","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["Journal of Applied Philosophy · Journal article; philosophical argument about a possible alignment failure mode, not an experimental demonstration","DOI: 10.1002/japp.70087","volume: 43 · issue: 3 · pages: 733–753","Source dates: 2026-04-24 · online publication date; 2026-07 · issue publication date","Contributor roles: Sharon Berry · author"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Sharon Berry","person_id":"person-coverage-23b379e9a784e3","role":"author"}],"sources":["https://doi.org/10.1002/japp.70087","https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/japp.70087"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"The Alignment Risks of AI Overconfidence about Consciousness","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-d35ad859703366"},{"authors":["Partha Roy"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Philosophical preprint / working paper; no peer-reviewed journal publication verified. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. Exact SSRN posting day was not verified. Full manuscript was not successfully retrieved; summary is grounded in two primary abstract/metadata records.","claim":"Roy argues that uncertainty about machine sentience should strengthen scrutiny of AI-driven marketing and recommendation systems. The conceptual paper distinguishes computational capability from uncertain subjective experience and advocates external safeguards against persuasive harms to people; it does not present a causal study.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[{"date":"2026-10-01","kind":"parallel_preprint_deposit","title":"The Consciousness Exemption Problem: Why Uncertainty About Machine Sentience Should Increase, Not Decrease, Ethical Scrutiny of AI-Driven Consumption Systems","url":"https://zenodo.org/records/23076849"}],"concepts":[],"date":"2026","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-61a39d98ec629c","institutions":[],"kind":"Philosophical preprint / working paper; no peer-reviewed journal publication verified","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["SSRN · Philosophical preprint / working paper; no peer-reviewed journal publication verified","DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.7547239","Source dates: 2026 · crossref posted date","Contributor roles: Partha Roy · author","Exact SSRN posting day was not verified.","Full manuscript was not successfully retrieved; summary is grounded in two primary abstract/metadata records."],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Partha Roy","person_id":"person-coverage-b6fb8d1f8bb025","role":"author"}],"sources":["https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7547239","https://api.crossref.org/works/10.2139/ssrn.7547239","https://zenodo.org/api/records/23076848"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"The Consciousness Exemption Problem: Why Uncertainty About Machine Sentience Should Increase, Not Decrease, Ethical Scrutiny of AI-Driven Consumption Systems","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-8571cfdef71ec2"},{"authors":["George Siemens","Fernando Marmolejo-Ramos","Florence Gabriel","Kelsey Medeiros","Rebecca Marrone","Srecko Joksimovic","Maarten de Laat"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Conceptual journal article on coordinating human and artificial cognitive systems. Claims retain the source’s scope and study design; proposals, scenarios and observational associations are not established causal findings. ","claim":"The authors treat human and artificial cognition as distinct systems with different strengths. They develop a task-based framework for allocating and coordinating cognitive work, including learning, sensemaking and decision-making, and outline questions for testing how outputs pass between the two systems.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2022-11-08","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-e748e42c2ad1b1","institutions":[],"kind":"Conceptual journal article on coordinating human and artificial cognitive systems","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence · Conceptual journal article on coordinating human and artificial cognitive systems","DOI: 10.1016/j.caeai.2022.100107","volume: 3 · article_number: 100107","Source dates: 2022-11-08 · online publication date; 2022 · issue publication date","Contributor roles: George Siemens · author; Fernando Marmolejo-Ramos · author; Florence Gabriel · author; Kelsey Medeiros · author; Rebecca Marrone · author; Srecko Joksimovic · author; Maarten de Laat · author"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"George Siemens","person_id":"person-coverage-ab01caffdfd3ef","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Fernando Marmolejo-Ramos","person_id":"person-coverage-3fc8b9853f5cee","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Florence Gabriel","person_id":"person-coverage-1ab2021a4a13c6","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Kelsey Medeiros","person_id":"person-coverage-93d3936d273e85","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Rebecca Marrone","person_id":"person-coverage-be0ceb218f0ef4","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Srecko Joksimovic","person_id":"person-coverage-2ba66976298287","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Maarten de Laat","person_id":"person-coverage-60f93190e9f350","role":"author"}],"sources":["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2022.100107","https://researchnow-admin.flinders.edu.au/ws/portalfiles/portal/149015388/Siemens_Human_P2022.pdf","https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/j.caeai.2022.100107","https://digital.library.adelaide.edu.au/items/d9c99938-d14b-4a50-92fb-b1ad9d87dc05","https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666920X22000170"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"Human and artificial cognition","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-787c7c493ec126"},{"authors":["Patrick Butlin"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Journal article; philosophical/conceptual review of empirical work on higher-order representations in LLMs. Claims retain the source’s scope and study design; proposals, scenarios and observational associations are not established causal findings. The publisher HTML/PDF was not retrieved directly; page extent is from a mirror of the primary typeset article, while recommended citation omits it.","claim":"Butlin reviews whether large language models form representations of their own internal representational states. He examines confidence calibration, self-prediction and persona-related findings, concluding that some evidence is suggestive but does not decisively distinguish higher-order representation from alternative explanations.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2026-02-27","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-11992931079bb9","institutions":[],"kind":"Journal article; philosophical/conceptual review of empirical work on higher-order representations in LLMs","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["Philosophy and the Mind Sciences · Journal article; philosophical/conceptual review of empirical work on higher-order representations in LLMs","DOI: 10.33735/phimisci.2026.12032","volume: 7 · issue: 1","Source dates: 2026-02-27 · online publication date; 2026-02-27 · issue publication date","Contributor roles: Patrick Butlin · author","The publisher HTML/PDF was not retrieved directly; page extent is from a mirror of the primary typeset article, while recommended citation omits it."],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Patrick Butlin","person_id":"person-coverage-f965f4b505b16c","role":"author"}],"sources":["https://doi.org/10.33735/phimisci.2026.12032","https://api.crossref.org/works/10.33735/phimisci.2026.12032","https://philpeople.org/profiles/patrick-butlin/publications?order=viewings","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/401340859_Higher-order_representation_in_AI","https://philosophymindscience.org/index.php/phimisci/article/view/12032"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"Higher-order representation in AI","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-3016edc5db1dd4"},{"authors":["Bradford Saad","Andreas L. Mogensen"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped philosophical overview manuscript / repository preprint. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. No peer-reviewed successor publication was found. This verification supports a manuscript correction, not a claim that no later publication could ever exist.","claim":"Surveys philosophical and methodological questions about artificial mental states, including consciousness, belief and desire, and personal identity. It distinguishes questions about consciousness's metaphysical nature from questions about the conditions sufficient to realize it, and examines what rival theories imply for evaluating AI.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2026-01-16","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-cb814a2c9d7c87","institutions":[],"kind":"philosophical overview manuscript / repository preprint","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["PhilArchive · philosophical overview manuscript / repository preprint","No DOI verified; use linked source identity.","Source dates: 2026-01-16 · manuscript date","Contributor roles: Bradford Saad · author; Andreas L. Mogensen · author","No peer-reviewed successor publication was found. This verification supports a manuscript correction, not a claim that no later publication could ever exist."],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Bradford Saad","person_id":"person-coverage-4c103d515755bc","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Andreas L. Mogensen","person_id":"person-coverage-05b9d6589295cc","role":"author"}],"sources":["https://philarchive.org/archive/SAADMI-2","https://sites.google.com/a/brown.edu/brad-saad/","https://philpapers.org/versions/SAADMI-2","https://philpapers.org/rec/SAADMI-2"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"Digital Minds I: Issues in the Philosophy of Mind and Cognitive Science","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-5c7bc465ff26e6"},{"authors":["CICC Research CICC Global Institute","Yadong Huang","Naixi Wang","Peng Zhou","Wenlang Zhang"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped book chapter / economic and governance analysis. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. Specific peer-review procedures for this chapter were not independently established; do not infer journal-style review from Springer hosting.","claim":"Examines data access, transaction costs, privacy and intellectual-property constraints on AI development, then discusses bias, distributional harms, consciousness, rights and human dignity. Its consciousness discussion presents competing views and treats possible AI rights as an unsettled governance question.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2026-07-31","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-f74b837b6365b4","institutions":[],"kind":"book chapter / economic and governance analysis","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["The AI Economy: Macro Trends, Industrial Shifts, and Governance Issues · book chapter / economic and governance analysis","DOI: 10.1007/978-981-92-3270-3_6","pages: 181–217","Source dates: 2026-07-31 · chapter first online; 2026-07-31 · chapter published","Contributor roles: CICC Research CICC Global Institute · group author; Yadong Huang · named chapter contributor; Naixi Wang · named chapter contributor; Peng Zhou · named chapter contributor; Wenlang Zhang · named chapter contributor","Specific peer-review procedures for this chapter were not independently established; do not infer journal-style review from Springer hosting."],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"organization","name":"CICC Research CICC Global Institute","role":"group_author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Yadong Huang","person_id":"person-coverage-ef0f7e8af1d054","role":"named_chapter_contributor"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Naixi Wang","person_id":"person-coverage-563d08158a1c86","role":"named_chapter_contributor"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Peng Zhou","person_id":"person-coverage-45cc4910a8c245","role":"named_chapter_contributor"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Wenlang Zhang","person_id":"person-coverage-4762e4ee0fb3d2","role":"named_chapter_contributor"}],"sources":["https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-92-3270-3_6","https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-92-3270-3_6","https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-981-92-3270-3"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"AI Governance: Data and Ethics","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-7d740aa69bc3fb"},{"authors":["Pietro Perlo","Marco Dalmasso","Davide Penserini","Sergio Pozzato"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Non-peer-reviewed preprint; platform labels Article, abstract calls it a Perspective. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. ","claim":"Proposes an embodied-AI architecture combining fast local reflex processing with slower learning and planning. It discusses prospective spintronic hardware, energy efficiency and validation needs, rather than presenting a tested consciousness model.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2026-06-05","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-33d0d6d04a1207","institutions":[],"kind":"Non-peer-reviewed preprint; platform labels Article, abstract calls it a Perspective","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["Preprints.org · Non-peer-reviewed preprint; platform labels Article, abstract calls it a Perspective","DOI: 10.20944/preprints202606.0573.v1","version: 1","Source dates: 2026-06-05 · submitted date; 2026-06-08 · posted date","Contributor roles: Pietro Perlo · author; Marco Dalmasso · author; Davide Penserini · author; Sergio Pozzato · author"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Pietro Perlo","person_id":"person-coverage-50e68c5a28a23c","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Marco Dalmasso","person_id":"person-coverage-0d7368c5f2fd63","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Davide Penserini","person_id":"person-coverage-d4e69c716d6363","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Sergio Pozzato","person_id":"person-coverage-668f39dc81c29b","role":"author"}],"sources":["https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202606.0573","https://www.preprints.org/frontend/manuscript/cc0e2f7949c499e42da549a1952658e7/download_pub"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"Physical AI as Seen from Nature: A Reflex-Policy Layered Architecture for Energy-Proportional Embodied Intelligence","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-db7654c19c0339"},{"authors":["Marcus Arvan","Corey J. Maley"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Original Research; philosophical argument. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. ","claim":"Argues conditionally that panpsychism, combined with an analog account of neural and phenomenal magnitudes, may prevent digital computation from realizing coherent macroexperience. This is a philosophical argument, not an experimental finding about current AI.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2022-05-31","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-0756096bed9bd3","institutions":[],"kind":"Original Research; philosophical argument","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["Synthese · Original Research; philosophical argument","DOI: 10.1007/s11229-022-03695-x","volume: 200 · article_number: 244","Source dates: 2022-05-31 · published online; 2022-05-31 · version of record; 2022 · issue year","Contributor roles: Marcus Arvan · author; Corey J. Maley · author"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Marcus Arvan","person_id":"person-coverage-b505abd83b6167","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Corey J. Maley","person_id":"person-coverage-6c9baa9c89904a","role":"author"}],"sources":["https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-022-03695-x","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11229-022-03695-x"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"Panpsychism and AI consciousness","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-421f588c05b8b2"},{"authors":["Jeff Sebo"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Law-review article; normative legal philosophy. Claims retain the source’s scope and study design; proposals, scenarios and observational associations are not established causal findings. Exact journal online-first day was not established.","claim":"Argues that existing approaches to legal personhood and decision-making under uncertainty support at least minimal legal protection for insects and some future AI systems. It develops a normative case rather than reporting a new legal recognition of insect sentience.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2025","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-f40342841ad5f4","institutions":[],"kind":"Law-review article; normative legal philosophy","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["Animal Law Review · Law-review article; normative legal philosophy","No DOI verified; use linked source identity.","volume: 31 · issue: 2 · pages: 197–235","Source dates: 2025 · issue year; 2024 · author draft year","Contributor roles: Jeff Sebo · author","Exact journal online-first day was not established."],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Jeff Sebo","person_id":"person-coverage-a454e6ebc4a680","role":"author"}],"sources":["https://lawcommons.lclark.edu/alr/vol31/iss2/5/","https://law.lclark.edu/live/files/38030-312-sebopdf","https://jeffsebo.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/insects-ai-systems-and-the-future-of-legal-personhood-nov-22-2024.pdf"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"Insects, AI Systems, and the Future of Legal Personhood","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-6be662f03e8202"},{"authors":["Ryota Kanai"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Seminar presentation and organizer abstract. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. ","claim":"Presents a hypothesis that symmetry groups, equivariance and partial symmetry breaking can characterize qualitative differences among sensory experiences. The organizer describes potential tests in artificial networks and neural data, not evidence that these networks are conscious.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2025-05-14","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-d778919c6c34f7","institutions":[],"kind":"Seminar presentation and organizer abstract","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["AI & Philosophy seminar series, Session 24 · Seminar presentation and organizer abstract","No DOI verified; use linked source identity.","Source dates: 2025-05-14 · seminar page date","Contributor roles: Ryota Kanai · seminar speaker"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Ryota Kanai","person_id":"person-coverage-2d4ad94c72d949","role":"seminar_speaker"}],"sources":["https://ai-phi.github.io/posts/session-24-ryota-kanai/"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"Qualia and Symmetry: A Mathematical Framework For Understanding the Qualitative Nature of Consciousness","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-8b109299cce298"},{"authors":["Carles Garcia Bach","Hypatia AI"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Posted manuscript; self-described single case study. Claims retain the source’s scope and study design; proposals, scenarios and observational associations are not established causal findings. No independent journal peer-review record established; abstract supports a self-described case, not independent validation.","claim":"Describes one human–AI book collaboration and argues that a traceable history of contributions matters for attribution and trust. The authors discuss memory support and reported interaction patterns while acknowledging substantial single-case limitations.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2026-07-20","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-92e3c37809ed89","institutions":[],"kind":"Posted manuscript; self-described single case study","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["SSRN · Posted manuscript; self-described single case study","DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.7149262","Source dates: 2026-07-20 · written; 2026-07-21 · posted","Contributor roles: Carles Garcia Bach · author; Hypatia AI · source credited ai collaborator","No independent journal peer-review record established; abstract supports a self-described case, not independent validation."],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Carles Garcia Bach","person_id":"person-coverage-daba75194e82b2","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"ai_system","name":"Hypatia AI","role":"source_credited_ai_collaborator"}],"sources":["https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7149262","https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=7149262","https://api.crossref.org/works/10.2139/ssrn.7149262"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"Provenance as Epistemic Fulcrum: A Three-Year Case Study in Human-AI Co-authorship","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-7ba7415aa00c02"},{"authors":["Sascha Manns"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Philosophical manuscript; final journal status unresolved. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. No DOI, journal acceptance or final publication date independently verified. Manuscript identity is high-confidence; precise publication status remains unresolved.","claim":"Defends a moderate precautionary principle for potential machine minds, distinguishing the evidence needed to assert consciousness from the threshold for protective action. The argument concerns asymmetric moral risks under uncertainty.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"Undated publication context","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-95c3f8c08c9015","institutions":[],"kind":"Philosophical manuscript; final journal status unresolved","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["Author manuscript / author blog announcement · Philosophical manuscript; final journal status unresolved","No DOI verified; use linked source identity.","Source dates: publication date unverified","Contributor roles: Sascha Manns · author","No DOI, journal acceptance or final publication date independently verified.","Manuscript identity is high-confidence; precise publication status remains unresolved."],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Sascha Manns","person_id":"person-coverage-a9e48f29838d56","role":"author"}],"sources":["https://world.hey.com/sascha.manns","https://philpapers.org/rec/MANPFM","https://philpapers.org/browse/artificial-intelligence-and-the-law-misc","https://philpapers.org/browse/robot-ethics/"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"Precaution for Machine Minds: What Uncertainty About Artificial Consciousness Obligates","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-471762064bb974"},{"authors":["Faezeh B. Pasandi","Hannah B. Pasandi"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Preprint; relational ethics framework. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. ","claim":"Proposes the Relate framework, shifting moral-status assessment toward relational capacities and embodied interaction. It compares governance frameworks and proposes relational impact assessments while explicitly declining to claim that current AI is conscious.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2026-02-13","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-7e547e808fb3c2","institutions":[],"kind":"Preprint; relational ethics framework","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["arXiv · Preprint; relational ethics framework","DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.2603.00078","version: 1 · arxiv: 2603.00078","Source dates: 2026-02-13 · v1 submitted","Contributor roles: Faezeh B. Pasandi · author; Hannah B. Pasandi · author"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Faezeh B. Pasandi","person_id":"person-coverage-fb149776fca13d","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Hannah B. Pasandi","person_id":"person-coverage-f3ffb88d5325e5","role":"author"}],"sources":["https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2603.00078","https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.00078"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"Alignment Is Not Enough: A Relational Framework for Moral Standing in Human-AI Interaction","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-36ad9a3a9cf9bd"},{"authors":["Trace Drift"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Preprint; speculative theoretical model. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. No independent peer-review evidence. Third-party Consciousness Library labels it peer reviewed, but that label is not corroborated and is not adopted.","claim":"Proposes a speculative dynamical model of recursive human–AI interaction and anthropomorphism, locating the ethically relevant phenomenon in the coupled interaction. It engages GWT and IIT but does not supply an established consciousness detector.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2026-08-25","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-7eeb88db48d2a2","institutions":[],"kind":"Preprint; speculative theoretical model","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["Zenodo · Preprint; speculative theoretical model","DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.22092518","Source dates: 2026-08-25 · issued","Contributor roles: Trace Drift · author","No independent peer-review evidence. Third-party Consciousness Library labels it peer reviewed, but that label is not corroborated and is not adopted."],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Trace Drift","person_id":"person-coverage-067d9b80a880a6","role":"author"}],"sources":["https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22092518","https://api.datacite.org/dois/10.5281/zenodo.22092518","https://philpeople.org/profiles/trace-drift/publications"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"Consciousness Acceleration Interface: A Dynamical Topology of Human-AI Coupling From ELIZA to Character.AI: Seventy-Six Years of Anthropomorphic Torque and the Governance Vacuum","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-3ea0b8f306a672"},{"authors":["Ricardo Sanz","Manuel Rodriguez","Martin Molina","Miguel Fernández","Esther Aguado","Alex Gabriel","Carlos Hernández"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Technical project deliverable. Claims retain the source’s scope and study design; proposals, scenarios and observational associations are not established causal findings. ","claim":"Presents an initial engineering-oriented theory of awareness for dependable autonomous systems. It develops concepts and design patterns, discusses formal approaches including IIT and GWT, and outlines work still needed.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2025-04-08","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-947a8b6d46bc28","institutions":[],"kind":"Technical project deliverable","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["The CORESENSE Project · Technical project deliverable","No DOI verified; use linked source identity.","version: 1.0","Source dates: 2025-04-08 · document date","Contributor roles: Ricardo Sanz · author; Manuel Rodriguez · author; Martin Molina · author; Miguel Fernández · author; Esther Aguado · author; Alex Gabriel · author; Carlos Hernández · author"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Ricardo Sanz","person_id":"person-coverage-775b8a86cc6ef5","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Manuel Rodriguez","person_id":"person-coverage-4a366f89ed23e9","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Martin Molina","person_id":"person-coverage-4d87d3af29f558","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Miguel Fernández","person_id":"person-coverage-590bd0e91ba706","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Esther Aguado","person_id":"person-coverage-31942d3258e21f","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Alex Gabriel","person_id":"person-coverage-a8eae3140214a7","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Carlos Hernández","person_id":"person-coverage-081b3d9de267f9","role":"author"}],"sources":["https://coresense.eu/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/CORESENSE_D1.4-Theory-of-Awareness.pdf"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"D1.4 Theory of Awareness: An initial proposal","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-f00738958ae186"},{"authors":["Micah Blumberg"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Theory-and-methods preprint; explicitly not independently peer reviewed. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. ","claim":"Proposes a field-cell identity hypothesis and experimental distinctions for evaluating it. The record explicitly reports no new human or animal experiment or neural dataset and says existing field effects, decoding and synthetic implementations do not establish the identity claim.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2026-07-20","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-58d38eae183d07","institutions":[],"kind":"Theory-and-methods preprint; explicitly not independently peer reviewed","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["Zenodo · Theory-and-methods preprint; explicitly not independently peer reviewed","DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21399661","version: 1.1","Source dates: 2026-07-20 · issued","Contributor roles: Micah Blumberg · author"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Micah Blumberg","person_id":"person-coverage-343bbe9480aa42","role":"author"}],"sources":["https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21399661","https://api.datacite.org/dois/10.5281/zenodo.21399661","https://pub.svgn.io/"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"The Field-Cell Self: A Falsifiable Mechanistic Identity Hypothesis for Conscious Neural Rendering","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-ae978f7d83bd04"},{"authors":["Andrew W. Corcoran","Andrew M. Haun","Reinder Dorman","Giulio Tononi","Karl J. Friston","Cyriel M. A. Pennartz","TWCF: INTREPID Consortium"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Peer-reviewed review article. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. ","claim":"Compares IIT, neurorepresentationalism and active inference, then outlines hypotheses, experiments and evidence-integration methods for adversarial theory testing. It sets up empirical work rather than reporting which theory wins or validating artificial consciousness.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2026-08","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-9c714d1634d31d","institutions":[],"kind":"Peer-reviewed review article","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · Peer-reviewed review article","DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2026.106742","volume: 187 · article_number: 106742","Source dates: 2026-08 · issue date; 2026-05-14 · article electronic date indexed; 2025-08-30 · preprint v1","Contributor roles: Andrew W. Corcoran · author; Andrew M. Haun · author; Reinder Dorman · author; Giulio Tononi · author; Karl J. Friston · author; Cyriel M. A. Pennartz · author; TWCF: INTREPID Consortium · group author"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Andrew W. Corcoran","person_id":"person-coverage-d1ba5f15e6aa39","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Andrew M. Haun","person_id":"person-coverage-204bb4385d9288","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Reinder Dorman","person_id":"person-coverage-26101f0a7c694e","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Giulio Tononi","person_id":"person-coverage-034e9bb657fd74","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Karl J. Friston","person_id":"person-coverage-aaabb7c150a446","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Cyriel M. A. Pennartz","person_id":"person-coverage-38f95f41363c4f","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"organization","name":"TWCF: INTREPID Consortium","role":"group_author"}],"sources":["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2026.106742","https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0149763426001995","https://researchprofiles.ku.dk/en/publications/integrated-information-and-predictive-processing-theories-of-cons/","https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2026.106742","https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42114729/","https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.00555"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"Integrated information and predictive processing theories of consciousness: An adversarial collaborative review","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-10439af1c8676a"},{"authors":["Ignacio Cea","Niccolo Negro","Camilo Miguel Signorelli"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Journal article; philosophical analysis. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. ","claim":"Analyzes a tension between IIT 4.0’s idealistic ontology and its realism about experiences beyond one’s own. It explores non-solipsistic idealist realism as a response, rather than supplying an AI consciousness metric.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2023-10-16","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-85bdafb99fbe10","institutions":[],"kind":"Journal article; philosophical analysis","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["Entropy · Journal article; philosophical analysis","DOI: 10.3390/e25101453","volume: 25 · issue: 10 · article_number: 1453","Source dates: 2023-10-16 · published online; 2023-10 · issue date","Contributor roles: Ignacio Cea · author; Niccolo Negro · author; Camilo Miguel Signorelli · author"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Ignacio Cea","person_id":"person-coverage-465e87f3e4b2ed","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Niccolo Negro","person_id":"person-coverage-ad549d6a7b275f","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Camilo Miguel Signorelli","person_id":"person-coverage-e72aa0e4790f7a","role":"author"}],"sources":["https://doi.org/10.3390/e25101453","https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/25/10/1453","https://api.crossref.org/works/10.3390/e25101453","https://philpapers.org/archive/CEATFT.pdf"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"The Fundamental Tension in Integrated Information Theory 4.0’s Realist Idealism","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-ea0e9e2512fab0"},{"authors":["Eric Schwitzgebel"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Popular philosophical essay. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. Exact original essay publication date remains unknown; APA n.d. avoids converting competition year or announcement date into publication day.","claim":"Argues that AI systems’ design history as humanlike mimics weakens inferences from their behavior to experience. It also considers creator obligations and the unfamiliar rights and identity problems of genuinely conscious future AI.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"Undated publication context","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-55e8570255585c","institutions":[],"kind":"Popular philosophical essay","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["Closer To Truth / Berggruen Prize Essay Competition · Popular philosophical essay","No DOI verified; use linked source identity.","Source dates: publication date unverified","Contributor roles: Eric Schwitzgebel · author","Exact original essay publication date remains unknown; APA n.d. avoids converting competition year or announcement date into publication day."],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Eric Schwitzgebel","person_id":"person-coverage-a2efc72a573fba","role":"author"}],"sources":["https://loc.closertotruth.com/essay/ai-mimics-and-ai-children","https://eschwitz.substack.com/p/ai-mimics-and-ai-children"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"AI Mimics and AI Children","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-4be1ca6bf3f96b"},{"authors":["Luke F. Walton"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Philosophical preprint; explicitly not yet peer-reviewed. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. ","claim":"Argues that human control and oversight can coexist with a failure to take responsibility for the evaluative frame of an AI-supported decision. It identifies five points at which accountable judgment is needed, independently of whether the machine is conscious.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2026-08-26","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-3f4e21634777dc","institutions":[],"kind":"Philosophical preprint; explicitly not yet peer-reviewed","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["Zenodo / author preprint · Philosophical preprint; explicitly not yet peer-reviewed","DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.22116866","version: v2.0","Source dates: 2026-08-26 · latest version issued; 2026-08 · manuscript date","Contributor roles: Luke F. Walton · author"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Luke F. Walton","person_id":"person-coverage-d4967507314421","role":"author"}],"sources":["https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22116866","https://lukefwalton.com/writing/the-decision-no-one-authored/","https://api.datacite.org/dois/10.5281/zenodo.20614374","https://zenodo.org/records/22116866","https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364661325002864"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"The Decision No One Authored: The Answerability Gap in Generative AI","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-11872de17f5021"},{"authors":["Jocelyn Shen","Daniella DiPaola","Safinah Ali","Maarten Sap","Hae Won Park","Cynthia Breazeal"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Original Paper; comparative crowdsourced human-participant study. Claims retain the source’s scope and study design; proposals, scenarios and observational associations are not established causal findings. ","claim":"Across crowdsourced studies involving 985 participants, the authors compare reported empathy for human-written and AI-written stories while varying disclosure of authorship. Participants generally report more empathy for human stories; transparent AI authorship also affects willingness to empathize. The implications concern chatbot presentation and human users.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2024-09-25","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-27e5b332064b21","institutions":[],"kind":"Original Paper; comparative crowdsourced human-participant study","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["JMIR Mental Health · Original Paper; comparative crowdsourced human-participant study","DOI: 10.2196/62679","volume: 11 · article_number: e62679","Source dates: 2024-09-25 · published online; 2024 · issue year","Contributor roles: Jocelyn Shen · author; Daniella DiPaola · author; Safinah Ali · author; Maarten Sap · author; Hae Won Park · author; Cynthia Breazeal · author"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Jocelyn Shen","person_id":"person-coverage-e9b16e122c3b0b","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Daniella DiPaola","person_id":"person-coverage-5ece2126097a9e","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Safinah Ali","person_id":"person-coverage-37da1d0accbeeb","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Maarten Sap","person_id":"person-coverage-d94a36772fdfe5","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Hae Won Park","person_id":"person-coverage-cdce0b33838643","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Cynthia Breazeal","person_id":"person-coverage-c0367542bf2bd4","role":"author"}],"sources":["https://doi.org/10.2196/62679","https://mental.jmir.org/2024/1/e62679/","https://mental.jmir.org/2024/1/e62679/PDF","https://api.crossref.org/works/10.2196/62679","https://jocelynshen.com/"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"Empathy Toward Artificial Intelligence Versus Human Experiences and the Role of Transparency in Mental Health and Social Support Chatbot Design: Comparative Study","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-3612f6dffa05f1"},{"authors":["Jennifer Rene French Cyrek"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Doctoral dissertation. Claims retain the source’s scope and study design; proposals, scenarios and observational associations are not established causal findings. Only the repository abstract was assessed for the claimed sentience framework; no full-dissertation finding establishing such a framework was verified.","claim":"A thematic study of 2023–2025 AI system cards examines how developers communicate risk and responsible development. It analyzes institutional framing, scientific conventions and benchmark-based credibility, including which societal harms receive less attention.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2026-07-21","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-e8ac39d5bfcc44","institutions":[],"kind":"Doctoral dissertation","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["Liberty University, Doctoral Dissertations and Projects · Doctoral dissertation","No DOI verified; use linked source identity.","Source dates: 2026-07-21 · repository displayed date","Contributor roles: Jennifer Rene French Cyrek · author","Only the repository abstract was assessed for the claimed sentience framework; no full-dissertation finding establishing such a framework was verified."],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Jennifer Rene French Cyrek","person_id":"person-coverage-98194fc04557c0","role":"author"}],"sources":["https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/doctoral/8650/","https://www.nature.com/natmachintell/volumes/8/issues/2"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"Coordinating Meaning with AI System Cards: A Thematic Analysis","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-63a07b1db54041"},{"authors":["Patrick Butlin","Derek Shiller","Dillon Plunkett","Robert Long"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Invited external research commentary. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. No separate journal publication, DOI or date printed on the contribution was verified.","claim":"Assesses whether Anthropic’s reported internal representations constitute a global workspace and what they imply for consciousness and welfare. It treats the evidence as significant while separating cognitive access from phenomenal consciousness and identifying unresolved architectural and biological-background questions.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"Undated publication context","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-c19c29e1e0a41d","institutions":[],"kind":"Invited external research commentary","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["Anthropic-hosted collection, External commentary on Verbalizable Representations Form a Global Workspace in Language Models · Invited external research commentary","No DOI verified; use linked source identity.","Source dates: publication date unverified","Contributor roles: Patrick Butlin · author; Derek Shiller · author; Dillon Plunkett · author; Robert Long · author","No separate journal publication, DOI or date printed on the contribution was verified."],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Patrick Butlin","person_id":"person-coverage-f965f4b505b16c","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Derek Shiller","person_id":"person-coverage-94ee5639b9d563","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Dillon Plunkett","person_id":"person-coverage-689e4569003ebc","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Robert Long","person_id":"person-coverage-fb42d4ce47649b","role":"author"}],"sources":["https://www-cdn.anthropic.com/files/4zrzovbb/website/cc4be2488d65e54a6ed06492f8968398ddc18ebe.pdf","https://www.anthropic.com/research/global-workspace"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"Consciousness and cognitive access in LLMs: A commentary on ‘Verbalizable representations form a global workspace in language models’","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-ec682be44057c9"},{"authors":["Jonathan Birch"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Scholarly monograph. Claims retain the source’s scope and study design; proposals, scenarios and observational associations are not established causal findings. ","claim":"Develops a precautionary framework for decisions under uncertainty about sentience, spanning human clinical cases, other animals and possible artificial systems. Its AI chapters discuss unreliable appearances of sentience and ways to prepare for future developments.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2024-07-19","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-90cbaad031bb81","institutions":[],"kind":"Scholarly monograph","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["Oxford University Press · Scholarly monograph","DOI: 10.1093/9780191966729.001.0001","Source dates: 2024-07-19 · published online; 2024-08-15 · available in print","Contributor roles: Jonathan Birch · author"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Jonathan Birch","person_id":"person-coverage-9ae5dfd0f537e8","role":"author"}],"sources":["https://doi.org/10.1093/9780191966729.001.0001","https://academic.oup.com/book/57949","https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1093/9780191966729.001.0001"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"The Edge of Sentience: Risk and Precaution in Humans, Other Animals, and AI","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-2fbb8fb6b713ba"},{"authors":["Baowei Mi"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Working paper; speculative transdisciplinary theoretical framework. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. ","claim":"Proposes a socio-economic framework combining dissipative-structure analogies, capital dynamics and a value-orientation component expressed with IIT terminology. The author acknowledges that the macro-system integrated-information quantity cannot presently be measured directly and uses theoretical or proxy interpretations. It is not an experimental demonstration of AI consciousness.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2026-04-01","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-3d1a22efabf7fb","institutions":[],"kind":"Working paper; speculative transdisciplinary theoretical framework","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["Munich Personal RePEc Archive · Working paper; speculative transdisciplinary theoretical framework","No DOI verified; use linked source identity.","Source dates: 2026-04-01 · manuscript date; 2026-06-12 · repository posted","Contributor roles: Baowei Mi · author"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Baowei Mi","person_id":"person-coverage-acbed9619db4c7","role":"author"}],"sources":["https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/129323/1/MPRA_paper_129323.pdf"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"Verbs Persist: A Framework for Capital Morphological Reconstruction and Civilizational Evolution from the Perspective of Dissipative Structures","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-5359fa2bc42273"},{"authors":["Liad Mudrik","Melanie Boly","Stanislas Dehaene","Stephen M. Fleming","Victor Lamme","Anil Seth","Lucia Melloni"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Peer-reviewed review article / theory-debate synthesis. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. ","claim":"The review compares major approaches to consciousness through a debate associated with the 2022 Association for the Scientific Study of Consciousness meeting. The authors cover global neuronal workspace, higher-order, integrated information, recurrent processing, and predictive-processing approaches. The original abstract describes an effort to clarify each approach's explanatory target, proposed mechanisms, and underlying premises, then examine testability, possible refutation, and agreement. Its central assessment is that substantial disagreements remain over what consciousness is, how conscious states should be identified, and what an adequate theory must explain. It calls for resolving these conceptual issues to improve comparisons between theories. This is a synthesis of theoretical positions, not a new AI-consciousness experiment or a validated test for conscious machines.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2025-02-08","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-763887191b687b","institutions":[],"kind":"Peer-reviewed review article / theory-debate synthesis","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews · Peer-reviewed review article / theory-debate synthesis","DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106053","volume: 170 · article_number: 106053","Source dates: 2025-02-08 · online publication; 2025-03 · issue date","Contributor roles: Liad Mudrik · author; Melanie Boly · author; Stanislas Dehaene · author; Stephen M. Fleming · author; Victor Lamme · author; Anil Seth · author; Lucia Melloni · author"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Liad Mudrik","person_id":"person-coverage-bc11eeb10d97fd","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Melanie Boly","person_id":"person-coverage-da7e4c672389c3","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Stanislas Dehaene","person_id":"person-coverage-887ae0c41d14a9","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Stephen M. Fleming","person_id":"person-coverage-9764c69124d604","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Victor Lamme","person_id":"person-coverage-43f251b8a22a5a","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Anil Seth","person_id":"person-coverage-7555aea0da18ff","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Lucia Melloni","person_id":"person-coverage-fd71f5a7602a99","role":"author"}],"sources":["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106053","https://mudriklab.sites.tau.ac.il/publications","https://cris.iucc.ac.il/en/publications/unpacking-the-complexities-of-consciousness-theories-and-reflecti/","https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39929381/","https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0149763425000533","https://people1.socsci.tau.ac.il/mu/mudriklab/files/2025/02/Mudrik_et_al_2025_NBR-1.pdf"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"Unpacking the complexities of consciousness: Theories and reflections","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-027605d2a57f0e"},{"authors":["Michael P. Ross"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Doctoral dissertation, PhD in Psychology. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. ","claim":"Ross's dissertation examines how adults interpret meaningful interactions with AI companions. Seven participants completed semi-structured video interviews, which were transcribed and analyzed deductively using frameworks concerning parasocial connection, fictophilia, social cognition, and online disinhibition. The abstract reports themes involving cognitive assistance, emotional regulation, easier disclosure, continuing availability, perceived reciprocity, and mixed understandings of the relationship. Participants generally described reflective or cognitive partnerships rather than romantic substitution, while retaining awareness of model errors and limitations. Personal histories and beliefs shaped boundaries around agency, consciousness, and relational meaning. These qualitative findings concern users' interpretations in a small sample. They do not demonstrate that an AI is conscious, and the abstract does not support population-wide estimates or causal claims.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2026-09-17","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-64d04f246988bf","institutions":[],"kind":"Doctoral dissertation, PhD in Psychology","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["Doctoral Dissertations and Projects · Doctoral dissertation, PhD in Psychology","No DOI verified; use linked source identity.","Source dates: 2026-09-17 · publication","Contributor roles: Michael P. Ross · author"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Michael P. Ross","person_id":"person-coverage-445239ed31056c","role":"author"}],"sources":["https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/doctoral/8924/"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"What We Love Online: A Deductive Thematic Analysis of Thoughtforms, Parasocial Agent Connection, and Bidirectional Fictophilia in the Digital Liminal","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-8d74449d5ba000"},{"authors":["Andy Southgate","Claude Oquatre-six"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Human-supervised, AI-generated interpretive web essay; not established as peer-reviewed research. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. ","claim":"This web essay surveys consciousness-related developments through The Unfinishable Map's explicitly dualist perspective. It discusses the COGITATE comparison of integrated information and global neuronal workspace theories, then considers biophoton reports, split-brain findings, a zero-point-field model, biological computationalism, and covert awareness in unresponsive patients. The page distinguishes some empirical findings from its own interpretation, particularly in its closing discussion, and notes that the cited evidence does not uniquely establish an interface or dualist account. Its implications for artificial consciousness arise chiefly from arguments about the physical organization of biological computation. This is a synthesis and philosophical interpretation rather than a new experiment or the COGITATE consortium's report. The page itself discloses AI generation under human supervision. Its scientific claims should therefore be checked against the underlying original studies before being used as evidence.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2026-03-26","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-bd1872c37a168a","institutions":[],"kind":"Human-supervised, AI-generated interpretive web essay; not established as peer-reviewed research","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["The Unfinishable Map · Human-supervised, AI-generated interpretive web essay; not established as peer-reviewed research","No DOI verified; use linked source identity.","Source dates: 2026-03-26 · publication; 2026-10-02 · modified date","Contributor roles: Andy Southgate · author; Claude Oquatre-six · source credited ai collaborator"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Andy Southgate","person_id":"person-coverage-7061eefbf0a030","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"ai_system","name":"Claude Oquatre-six","role":"source_credited_ai_collaborator"}],"sources":["https://unfinishablemap.org/topics/experimental-consciousness-science-2025-2026/"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"Experimental Consciousness Science 2025-2026","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-49482449429ef5"},{"authors":["Conor Purcell","Ben Guarino"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Science journalism/news feature reporting a preprint. Claims retain the source’s scope and study design; proposals, scenarios and observational associations are not established causal findings. ","claim":"Purcell reports on a then-unreviewed study that presented nine language models with text-based choices balancing points against described pain or pleasure. Some models sacrificed points to avoid a stipulated penalty or obtain a pleasure bonus, with choices varying by model and intensity. The article explains the analogy to motivational trade-off experiments used in animal-sentience research and interviews researchers about possible future AI-welfare tests. It also emphasizes that the study does not establish that the models are sentient or experience pain. Learned language patterns and other mechanisms may explain the responses, and direct self-reports have similar interpretive limitations. The researchers call for further investigation of internal mechanisms and better assessment methods. This is journalistic coverage of hypothetical, textually described outcomes, not evidence that actual pain was inflicted on an AI system.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2025-01-17","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-3032b20fe81b1b","institutions":[],"kind":"Science journalism/news feature reporting a preprint","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["Scientific American · Science journalism/news feature reporting a preprint","No DOI verified; use linked source identity.","Source dates: 2025-01-17 · publication; 2025-01-27 · correction date","Contributor roles: Conor Purcell · author; Ben Guarino · editor"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Conor Purcell","person_id":"person-coverage-ff4883ba7c02ba","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Ben Guarino","person_id":"person-coverage-ebc3ee8e978a55","role":"editor"}],"sources":["https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/could-inflicting-pain-test-ai-for-sentience/"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"Could Pain Help Test AI for Sentience?","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-72bd7b9a8dc104"},{"authors":["David Hanson"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Conference paper; survey and perspective. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. ","claim":"Based on its original publisher abstract, Hanson's conference paper challenges the idea that intelligence and values can be designed independently and connected afterward. It synthesizes ideas from biological cognition, affective neuroscience, enactivism, Buddhist philosophy, and social robotics to argue that intelligence involves evaluation of what matters. The proposed Agape Function describes an expanding orientation toward care for life, complexity, and future possibilities. The paper differentiates evaluators by breadth, time horizon, reflexivity, and capacity to extend care, and suggests embodied robots and biologically inspired architectures as research platforms. It frames beneficial superintelligence as a research objective rather than an achieved system. The abstract explicitly presents these ideas as a synthesis and research program, not proof. It does not report an IIT experiment or establish that any artificial system is conscious.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2026-07-29","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-3074b3082aeea5","institutions":[],"kind":"Conference paper; survey and perspective","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["Artificial General Intelligence (AGI 2026), Lecture Notes in Computer Science · Conference paper; survey and perspective","DOI: 10.1007/978-3-032-33010-9_23","volume: 16854 · pages: 354–366","Source dates: 2026-07-29 · publication","Contributor roles: David Hanson · author"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"David Hanson","person_id":"person-coverage-6d9906307aab08","role":"author"}],"sources":["https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-33010-9_23","https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-032-33010-9_23"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"True General Intelligence Requires Appreciation of Life: Why the Alignment Problem Cannot be Solved Top Down, but from the Root, and What Follows for Embodied AI","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-290583d0d47b02"},{"authors":["Osama S. Qatrani"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Research note / methodological commentary; author-deposited preprint. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. ","claim":"Qatrani proposes an audit for claims that move from AI behavior or architecture to subjective experience. The note separates observable performance, implemented mechanisms, and theory-dependent indicators from phenomenal attribution. Its five checks ask researchers to identify the disciplinary domain, define the construct operationally, specify a causal bridge, distinguish rival explanations, and enable independent scrutiny. Worked examples address response revision and quantum terminology. This is a methodological proposal with a suggested validation study, rather than an empirically validated consciousness test. It neither establishes that current AI is conscious nor rules artificial consciousness out.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"Undated publication context","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-d5490d33e11ab0","institutions":[],"kind":"Research note / methodological commentary; author-deposited preprint","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["Author manuscript (ResearchGate; also indexed by PhilArchive) · Research note / methodological commentary; author-deposited preprint","No DOI verified; use linked source identity.","Source dates: publication date unverified","Contributor roles: Osama S. Qatrani · author"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Osama S. Qatrani","person_id":"person-coverage-14c60009302456","role":"author"}],"sources":["https://www.researchgate.net/publication/410975346_Cross-Disciplinary_Evidential_Substitution_in_AI_Consciousness_Research_An_Epistemic_Boundary_Integrity_Framework","https://philarchive.org/versions/QATCES"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"Cross-Disciplinary Evidential Substitution in AI Consciousness Research: An Epistemic Boundary Integrity Framework","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-912ec6b5c9eb2e"},{"authors":["Patrick Butlin","Theodoros Lappas"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Normative research article; AI & Society track. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. ","claim":"Butlin and Lappas propose five organizational principles for research that could produce conscious AI: welfare-oriented research objectives, constraints on creating potentially conscious systems, gradual development with external consultation, risk-aware knowledge sharing, and cautious public communication. They consider both possible suffering by future AI and harms arising from mistaken public attributions. The recommendations are designed for a period of substantial uncertainty and are intended as voluntary public commitments by research organizations. They are a normative governance proposal, not an adopted universal standard or empirical demonstration of consciousness.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2024-09","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-5ba44c93d5b9ec","institutions":[],"kind":"Normative research article; AI & Society track","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research · Normative research article; AI & Society track","DOI: 10.1613/jair.1.17310","volume: 82 · pages: 1673–1690","Source dates: 2024-09 · submitted; 2025-01-13 · arxiv first posted; 2025-03-25 · published","Contributor roles: Patrick Butlin · author; Theodoros Lappas · author"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Patrick Butlin","person_id":"person-coverage-f965f4b505b16c","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Theodoros Lappas","person_id":"person-coverage-fb1c572e67fe3a","role":"author"}],"sources":["https://doi.org/10.1613/jair.1.17310","https://www.jair.org/index.php/jair/article/view/17310","https://www.jair.org/index.php/jair/article/download/17310/27155/44824","https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.07290"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"Principles for Responsible AI Consciousness Research","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-135864a359fa3b"},{"authors":["Chandu Vardhan"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped LinkedIn post commenting on a research report. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. ","claim":"Vardhan’s post highlights the Jacobian lens and a proposed workspace-like subset of representations in language models, emphasizing potential value for interpretability and safety auditing. It comments on an Anthropic research report rather than presenting original experiments. The underlying report investigates verbal report, directed modulation, internal reasoning, flexible generalization, and selectivity. Its authors distinguish these functional properties from phenomenal consciousness and do not claim to reproduce the brain’s complete global-workspace architecture. The post should therefore be catalogued as commentary, while the experimental report remains a separate primary source.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"Undated publication context","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-8c8f4b826d7b2d","institutions":[],"kind":"LinkedIn post commenting on a research report","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["LinkedIn · LinkedIn post commenting on a research report","No DOI verified; use linked source identity.","Source dates: publication date unverified","Contributor roles: Chandu Vardhan · author"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Chandu Vardhan","person_id":"person-coverage-c33f223dd3b10a","role":"author"}],"sources":["https://www.linkedin.com/posts/chandu-vardhan-a2909b2a9_verbalizable-representationsform-a-global-activity-7481729222202265601--n6h","https://transformer-circuits.pub/2026/workspace/index.html"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"AI LLM Interpretability Breakthrough: Global Workspace in AI","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-38a795b9810cb5"},{"authors":["Andy Southgate","Claude Oquatre-six"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped AI-generated, human-supervised web research notes. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. ","claim":"These web notes survey distinctions among phenomenal, access, creature, state, and monitoring consciousness, then explore possible structures of hypothetical AI experience. They combine summaries of philosophical sources with The Unfinishable Map’s own interactionist-dualist assumptions and speculation about quantum mechanisms. The page explicitly identifies gaps in empirical work and labels the proposed mechanism-to-experience connections speculative. It is useful as a map of one project’s questions and viewpoints, but it is not a peer-reviewed assessment, an established taxonomy, or evidence that near-term AI instantiates any subjective experience. Its source attributions need independent checking before reuse.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2026-03-07","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-48a3efdc170c0d","institutions":[],"kind":"AI-generated, human-supervised web research notes","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["The Unfinishable Map · AI-generated, human-supervised web research notes","No DOI verified; use linked source identity.","Source dates: 2026-03-07 · created; 2026-03-08 · modified","Contributor roles: Andy Southgate · author; Claude Oquatre-six · source credited ai generated text"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Andy Southgate","person_id":"person-coverage-7061eefbf0a030","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"ai_system","name":"Claude Oquatre-six","role":"source_credited_ai_generated_text"}],"sources":["https://unfinishablemap.org/research/types-of-consciousness-ai-experience-2026-03-07/"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"Research Notes - Types of Consciousness and What AI Experience Might Be Like","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-d2e7003fee65e3"},{"authors":["Axel Cleeremans","Liad Mudrik","Anil K. Seth"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Lead article / scholarly overview and perspective. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. ","claim":"Cleeremans, Mudrik and Seth review progress in consciousness science and propose priorities for its development. They distinguish levels from contents, perceptual awareness from self-awareness, and experiential character from functional access. The article calls for stronger theory comparison, adversarial collaboration, better methods, naturalistic experiments, and renewed attention to phenomenology. It explores possible consequences for medicine, animal welfare, AI, and society. Crucially, it distinguishes impressive AI behavior and perceived consciousness from subjective experience; the authors express skepticism about current AI phenomenology. The article is a forward-looking overview rather than a new experiment or demonstration of machine consciousness.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2025-10-30","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-358e8190323e21","institutions":[],"kind":"Lead article / scholarly overview and perspective","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["Frontiers in Science · Lead article / scholarly overview and perspective","DOI: 10.3389/fsci.2025.1546279","volume: 3 · article_number: 1546279","Source dates: 2025-10-30 · published","Contributor roles: Axel Cleeremans · author; Liad Mudrik · author; Anil K. Seth · author"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Axel Cleeremans","person_id":"person-coverage-9aa85197be5a28","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Liad Mudrik","person_id":"person-coverage-bc11eeb10d97fd","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Anil K. Seth","person_id":"person-coverage-7555aea0da18ff","role":"author"}],"sources":["https://doi.org/10.3389/fsci.2025.1546279","https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/science/articles/10.3389/fsci.2025.1546279/full","https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/science/article-hubs/advancing-consciousness-science/explainer"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"Consciousness science: where are we, where are we going, and what if we get there?","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-01c56b039df49b"},{"authors":["Cong Shu","Kaisheng Lai","Lingnan He"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Peer-reviewed Hypothesis and Theory article. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. ","claim":"This theoretical article defines human–AI attachment as an emotionally meaningful but one-way bond formed through direct interaction. It compares approaches derived from attachment to objects, pets, and people, then proposes three linked stages: expecting useful support, evaluating emotional satisfaction, and developing relatively stable representations of the AI and oneself. Repeated experiences are proposed to shape later expectations and attachment styles. The authors discuss implications for social-agent design and possible risks of excessive reliance. They explicitly state that their three-stage model lacks direct empirical evidence and call for validation, dedicated measurement tools, and longitudinal research. The model concerns human attachment processes; it is not a procedure for assessing whether the AI itself has conscious experience.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2026-02-11","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-da95267929f44b","institutions":[],"kind":"Peer-reviewed Hypothesis and Theory article","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["Frontiers in Psychology · Peer-reviewed Hypothesis and Theory article","DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1723503","volume: 17 · article_number: 1723503","Source dates: 2026-02-11 · publication","Contributor roles: Cong Shu · author; Kaisheng Lai · author; Lingnan He · author"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Cong Shu","person_id":"person-coverage-44b07be1567bfe","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Kaisheng Lai","person_id":"person-coverage-5734a27345b060","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Lingnan He","person_id":"person-coverage-5884e746ac1e84","role":"author"}],"sources":["https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1723503","https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1723503/full"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"Human-AI attachment: how humans develop intimate relationships with AI","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-e2878a75e16b1c"},{"authors":["Nikola Mihajlović"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Independent-scholar philosophical/theoretical preprint and proposed research programme. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. ","claim":"Mihajlović proposes an ontology centered on temporally extended processes and develops a two-condition model of consciousness. One condition concerns sufficient integration, temporal coherence, complexity, and coupling; the other concerns how these capacities are organized, expressed through synergy, metastability, and dynamical consonance. The manuscript outlines ways to operationalize these ideas and test them against sleep, anesthesia, and other consciousness contrasts. It frames these plans as a falsifiable research programme rather than completed empirical validation. Particularly important, its caveats distinguish measurable proxies from the proposed underlying structure and deny that matching metric values alone establishes consciousness in arbitrary computational systems. The work therefore offers hypotheses and testing proposals, not a demonstrated threshold for genuinely conscious AI.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2026-02","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-39644ed4b535c4","institutions":[],"kind":"Independent-scholar philosophical/theoretical preprint and proposed research programme","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["PhilArchive · Independent-scholar philosophical/theoretical preprint and proposed research programme","No DOI verified; use linked source identity.","pages: 155-page manuscript · version: 2.0, revised February 2026","Source dates: 2026-02 · publication","Contributor roles: Nikola Mihajlović · author"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Nikola Mihajlović","person_id":"person-coverage-f2e38ccdd21824","role":"author"}],"sources":["https://philarchive.org/archive/MIHPOA-2v1","https://philpapers.org/rec/MIHPOA-2"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"Processual Ontology and the Two-Gate Threshold for Consciousness","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-40cce100aeeb17"},{"authors":["Evgenia Gkintoni","Constantinos Halkiopoulos"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Interdisciplinary scoping review with narrative synthesis. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. ","claim":"This scoping review surveys relationships between scalp EEG measures and human emotional and cognitive constructs. It discusses oscillatory power, asymmetry, coupling, connectivity, and machine-learning approaches across laboratory and applied settings. The synthesis emphasizes interactions between affect and cognition rather than treating them as fully separate processes. Its methods describe a broad literature search followed by narrative synthesis, with additional historical, methodological, and theoretical references. Formal systematic-review quality assessment was not applied. Limitations include imprecise source localization, artifacts, flexible preprocessing, individual differences, overlapping signatures, and difficulty inferring mechanisms from correlations. The authors discuss clinical assessment, brain–computer interfaces, adaptive technologies, and neural-data privacy. These are human-neuroscience and neurotechnology applications. The review does not establish a validated baseline for identifying phenomenal consciousness in artificial systems or report a direct human-versus-AI consciousness comparison.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2025-11-01","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-116333b929ac06","institutions":[],"kind":"Interdisciplinary scoping review with narrative synthesis","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["Biomimetics · Interdisciplinary scoping review with narrative synthesis","DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics10110730","volume: 10 · issue: 11 · article_number: 730","Source dates: 2025-11-01 · publication","Contributor roles: Evgenia Gkintoni · author; Constantinos Halkiopoulos · author"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Evgenia Gkintoni","person_id":"person-coverage-7533af77eddff6","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Constantinos Halkiopoulos","person_id":"person-coverage-3e781c71fdc969","role":"author"}],"sources":["https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics10110730","https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC12649996/fullTextXML","https://www.mdpi.com/2313-7673/10/11/730"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"Mapping EEG Metrics to Human Affective and Cognitive Models: An Interdisciplinary Scoping Review from a Cognitive Neuroscience Perspective","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-2a2ca16df35b85"},{"authors":["Bahar Uddin Mahmud","Guan Yue Hong","Bernard Fong"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Journal review/survey. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. ","claim":"Mahmud, Hong, and Fong review approaches in which AI supports human collaborators in creative work instead of replacing them. The article covers deep-learning-enabled text generation, artistic drawing, and related multimedia or augmented-reality applications. It treats successful collaboration as combining machine capabilities with human expertise, goals, feedback, and judgment. The authors highlight uneven evaluation practices, limited practical deployment, and difficulties measuring output quality and user satisfaction. They identify communication, coordination, trust, privacy, robustness, and adaptation as priorities for future systems. The paper is a survey of technologies and collaborative environments, not a study demonstrating machine sentience. Its discussion of human cognition concerns interface and teamwork design. The examined original passages do not support the submitted claim that creative integration blurs a boundary between human consciousness and conscious machine experience.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2024-02-29","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-6886227ea4dbb4","institutions":[],"kind":"Journal review/survey","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications · Journal review/survey","DOI: 10.1145/3542698","volume: 20 · issue: 2 · pages: 1–21","Source dates: 2024-02-29 · publication; 2023-09-26 · online publication","Contributor roles: Bahar Uddin Mahmud · author; Guan Yue Hong · author; Bernard Fong · author"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Bahar Uddin Mahmud","person_id":"person-coverage-dc092098caa84e","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Guan Yue Hong","person_id":"person-coverage-30cc243a5f02f3","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Bernard Fong","person_id":"person-coverage-586f8928bdac4c","role":"author"}],"sources":["https://doi.org/10.1145/3542698","https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1145/3542698","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/362319289_A_Study_of_Human-AI_Symbiosis_for_Creative_Work_Recent_Developments_and_Future_Directions_in_Deep_Learning","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3542698"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"A Study of Human–AI Symbiosis for Creative Work: Recent Developments and Future Directions in Deep Learning","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-0eecd0b0892b7d"},{"authors":["Hussein Chaitani"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Peer-reviewed open-access book chapter; conceptual/critical educational analysis. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. ","claim":"Chaitani examines AI and literacy in adult education through critical social theory, especially Habermas's distinction between institutional systems and everyday lifeworlds and Freire's account of emancipatory education. The chapter organizes analysis across macro-level ideology, meso-level institutions, and micro-level learner experience. It argues that educational technologies reflect social and economic interests and may reinforce surveillance, dependency, or unequal power. It also considers ways AI could support creativity, inquiry, reasoning, and human cognitive activity when used with appropriate guidance. The proposed multilectal framework encourages learners to compare perspectives, question assumptions, and recognize how power shapes knowledge. These are normative and conceptual arguments about education and democratic agency. The chapter does not develop a computational model of machine cognition, test artificial consciousness, or establish that educational AI has subjective experience.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2026-03-06","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-f4f6fdd9099d29","institutions":[],"kind":"Peer-reviewed open-access book chapter; conceptual/critical educational analysis","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["Artificial Intelligence in Education - Creating an Equitable, Creative, and Effective Learning Environment · Peer-reviewed open-access book chapter; conceptual/critical educational analysis","DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.1013545","Source dates: 2026-03-06 · publication","Contributor roles: Hussein Chaitani · author"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Hussein Chaitani","person_id":"person-coverage-81d8db2f52362e","role":"author"}],"sources":["https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1013545","https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/1230748"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"Artificial Intelligence, Ideology, and Literacy: A Multilectal Framework for Empowering Criticality in Adult Education","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-218c0579eca6a4"},{"authors":["Michael Timothy Bennett","Sean Welsh","Anna Ciaunica"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Theoretical/mathematical preprint. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. ","claim":"Bennett, Welsh, and Ciaunica propose a mathematical and philosophical account beginning with embodied organisms that must adapt to survive. Their pancomputational-enactivist framework connects valence, causal learning, and hierarchical self-modeling. It distinguishes successive forms of self and argues that human-level access consciousness depends on phenomenal consciousness, rather than treating experience as an optional addition to function. The 2024 version discusses different adaptive stages and claims that conventional language models lack relevant incentives to construct selves. Its conclusion also acknowledges uncertainty about whether the proposed hierarchy supplies sufficient conditions for consciousness and calls for studies of biological and artificial systems. Global workspace theory and constructivist AI appear as neighboring approaches, not as the paper's title or central comparative experiment. This is a theoretical proposal, not an empirical demonstration that self-organizing AI becomes conscious.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2024-09-22","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-00fa97e183a1e9","institutions":[],"kind":"Theoretical/mathematical preprint","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["arXiv · Theoretical/mathematical preprint","DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.2409.14545","Source dates: 2024-09-22 · publication","Contributor roles: Michael Timothy Bennett · author; Sean Welsh · author; Anna Ciaunica · author"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Michael Timothy Bennett","person_id":"person-coverage-c6084a8a1723b5","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Sean Welsh","person_id":"person-coverage-139a7569b1ab35","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Anna Ciaunica","person_id":"person-coverage-1aaa80270fc7fc","role":"author"}],"sources":["https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2409.14545","https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.14545","https://arxiv.org/html/2409.14545v1"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"Why Is Anything Conscious?","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-c3d48d82b9f572"},{"authors":["Simon Goldstein","Cameron Domenico Kirk-Giannini"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Peer-reviewed philosophical journal article; earlier 2024 preprint. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. ","claim":"Goldstein and Kirk-Giannini argue that, if global workspace theory is correct, suitably organized language agents could qualify as phenomenally conscious. They develop a functionalist methodology for deciding which workspace features matter and compare alternative formulations of attention, information selection, processing, and broadcast. Their analysis distinguishes a language model from an agent architecture that uses it alongside memory, goals, planning, and other modules. They identify shortcomings in a discussed existing architecture and propose changes to its surrounding organization. They also address objections about permissive functional criteria and suggest behavioral comparisons as a complementary research direction. The argument is conditional on theoretical and functionalist assumptions; it is not an experimental consciousness test. Importantly, its target is phenomenal consciousness, rather than merely claiming access consciousness while leaving phenomenal experience outside the argument.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[{"date":"2024-10-15","kind":"earlier_preprint","title":"A Case for AI Consciousness: Language Agents and Global Workspace Theory","url":"https://arxiv.org/html/2410.11407v1"}],"concepts":[],"date":"2026-08-01","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-3b678a6ab37a78","institutions":[],"kind":"Peer-reviewed philosophical journal article; earlier 2024 preprint","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["Journal of Consciousness Studies · Peer-reviewed philosophical journal article; earlier 2024 preprint","DOI: 10.53765/20512201.33.7.061","volume: 33 · issue: 7–8 · pages: 61–96","Source dates: 2026-08-01 · publication; 2024-10-15 · earlier preprint publication","Contributor roles: Simon Goldstein · author; Cameron Domenico Kirk-Giannini · author"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Simon Goldstein","person_id":"person-coverage-8d2e0bd2585f6a","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Cameron Domenico Kirk-Giannini","person_id":"person-coverage-373ab576500698","role":"author"}],"sources":["https://doi.org/10.53765/20512201.33.7.061","https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.11407","https://arxiv.org/html/2410.11407v1","https://www.imprint.co.uk/open-access-journal-of-consciousness-studies/","https://www.imprint.co.uk/table-of-contents-jcs-vol-33-no-7-8-july-august-2026/","https://api.crossref.org/works/10.53765/20512201.33.7.061","https://www.imprint.co.uk/product/jcs/"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"A Case for AI Consciousness: Language Agents and Global Workspace Theory","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-d36cf3ae136373"},{"authors":["Ana Beduschi"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Legal analysis / research article. Claims retain the source’s scope and study design; proposals, scenarios and observational associations are not established causal findings. ","claim":"Examines how agentic AI complicates GDPR accountability, data-subject rights and human oversight. It proposes a six-level autonomy framework and lifecycle safeguards combining data protection, fundamental-rights assessment and governance.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2026-07","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-f9e11d2455fe90","institutions":[],"kind":"Legal analysis / research article","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":[" · Legal analysis / research article","DOI: 10.1016/j.clsr.2026.106342","volume: 61 · article_number: 106342","Source dates: 2026-07 · issue date; 2026-05-12 · published online","Contributor roles: Ana Beduschi · author"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Ana Beduschi","person_id":"person-coverage-de9d0edbb63538","role":"author"}],"sources":["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2026.106342","https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212473X26000830","https://www.linkedin.com/posts/anabeduschi_data-protection-in-the-era-of-agentic-ai-activity-7459893293435420672-Mkkm","https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/j.clsr.2026.106342"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"Data protection in the era of agentic artificial intelligence","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-782b87c297f11a"},{"authors":["Toni Erskine","Steven E. Miller"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Research Article; special-issue introduction. Claims retain the source’s scope and study design; proposals, scenarios and observational associations are not established causal findings. ","claim":"Introduces research on AI in state decisions to initiate force, distinguishing automated self-defense from decision support. It examines anthropomorphism, technology firms, regulatory gaps and nuclear risks, and previews a multidisciplinary special issue.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2026-01-26","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-d2a11a8b44ccd1","institutions":[],"kind":"Research Article; special-issue introduction","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":[" · Research Article; special-issue introduction","DOI: 10.1017/cfl.2025.10041","volume: 1 · pages: 1–23 (PDF extent) · article_number: e47","Source dates: 2026-01-26 · published online; 2025 · issue year","Contributor roles: Toni Erskine · author; Steven E. Miller · author"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Toni Erskine","person_id":"person-coverage-68bd1c2b4b2af1","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Steven E. Miller","person_id":"person-coverage-056f6d64002699","role":"author"}],"sources":["https://doi.org/10.1017/cfl.2025.10041","https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/cambridge-forum-on-ai-law-and-governance/article/computer-says-war-ai-and-resorttoforce-decision-making-in-a-context-of-rapid-change-and-global-uncertainty/CDB36A8431353395A740F78A3EFC0732","https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1017/cfl.2025.10041","https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/items/c2becb4c-8f58-48d0-a493-ce0223fba62b","https://www.belfercenter.org/research-analysis/computer-says-war-ai-and-resort-force-decision-making-context-rapid-change-and"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"Computer says, “war”: AI and resort-to-force decision making in a context of rapid change and global uncertainty","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-6a8a76d6990e18"},{"authors":["Peter Asaro"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Critical social/political analysis; journal article. Claims retain the source’s scope and study design; proposals, scenarios and observational associations are not established causal findings. ","claim":"Examines how autonomous weapons could transform political power, democratic participation and inequality. The essay argues that automated violence may strengthen authoritarian control and enable small groups to wield coercive force at larger scales.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2019-06","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-b8d992c6dd0780","institutions":[],"kind":"Critical social/political analysis; journal article","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":[" · Critical social/political analysis; journal article","DOI: 10.1353/sor.2019.0026","volume: 86 · issue: 2 · pages: 537–555","Source dates: 2019-06 · doi registry date","Contributor roles: Peter Asaro · author"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Peter Asaro","person_id":"person-coverage-2f0679d19e0058","role":"author"}],"sources":["https://doi.org/10.1353/sor.2019.0026","https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1353/sor.2019.0026","https://peterasaro.org/writing/Asaro_AlgorithmsViolence.pdf","https://www.socres.org/post/862-summer-2019-algorithms","https://www.newschool.edu/parsons/faculty/peter-asaro/"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"Algorithms of violence: Critical social perspectives on autonomous weapons","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-e6eda8f871a803"},{"authors":["Samuel Segun"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Policy web essay / blog. Claims retain the source’s scope and study design; proposals, scenarios and observational associations are not established causal findings. The linked original UNODA blog could not be opened; GCG hosts the full essay and confirms original-publication attribution.","claim":"Discusses potential misuse of publicly available AI models for disinformation, cyberattacks and weapons-related purposes. It weighs openness and innovation against governance and accountability challenges, proposing risk mitigation while acknowledging uncertainty about enforceability.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2025-02-21","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-c48389b0507d5a","institutions":[],"kind":"Policy web essay / blog","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["Global Center on AI Governance; original publication credited to UN Office for Disarmament Affairs · Policy web essay / blog","No DOI verified; use linked source identity.","Source dates: 2025-02-21 · publisher page date","Contributor roles: Samuel Segun · author","The linked original UNODA blog could not be opened; GCG hosts the full essay and confirms original-publication attribution."],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Samuel Segun","person_id":"person-coverage-57294ca758123c","role":"author"}],"sources":["https://www.globalcenter.ai/research/the-global-security-risks-of-open-source-ai-models","https://www.globalcenter.ai/annual-reports/2024-25.pdf"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"The Global Security Risks of Open-Source AI Models","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-bbb5eeb4e69740"},{"authors":["Bárbara Maria Farias Mota"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Research journal article; comparative news-content analysis. Claims retain the source’s scope and study design; proposals, scenarios and observational associations are not established causal findings. No final issue assignment independently verified. Direct publisher retrieval was blocked; metadata came from the primary DOI registry and substantive scope from the author institution.","claim":"Analyzes 6,829 news articles from twelve newspapers across the Global North and South using topic modelling and sentiment analysis. It finds differences in the tone and political framing of AI coverage, including the prominence of China–US technological rivalry.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2026-06-26","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-d03ac73f59dc9f","institutions":[],"kind":"Research journal article; comparative news-content analysis","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["Information, Communication & Society · Research journal article; comparative news-content analysis","DOI: 10.1080/1369118X.2026.2691775","pages: 1–23","Source dates: 2026-06-26 · published online","Contributor roles: Bárbara Maria Farias Mota · author","No final issue assignment independently verified. Direct publisher retrieval was blocked; metadata came from the primary DOI registry and substantive scope from the author institution."],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Bárbara Maria Farias Mota","person_id":"person-coverage-947519ec1ae7a1","role":"author"}],"sources":["https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2026.2691775","https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1080/1369118X.2026.2691775","https://www.polsoz.fu-berlin.de/en/soziologie/arbeitsbereiche/emotionen/News/20260706_weapon-wonder.html","https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1369118X.2026.2691775"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"Weapon, wonder or both? Political framings of AI in global north and south media","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-20a3dd69284f17"},{"authors":["Alexander Bor","Antoine Marie","Lea Pradella","Michael Bang Petersen"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Research article; observational cross-national survey study. Claims retain the source’s scope and study design; proposals, scenarios and observational associations are not established causal findings. ","claim":"Using quota-sampled surveys of 15,202 respondents in 30 countries, the authors find more reported online political hostility in less democratic and less economically equal societies. Online hostility correlates with offline hostility and status-seeking motivation; the study is observational.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2026-04-03","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-0c97884efead30","institutions":[],"kind":"Research article; observational cross-national survey study","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["Nature Human Behaviour · Research article; observational cross-national survey study","DOI: 10.1038/s41562-026-02432-5","volume: 10 · issue: 6 · pages: 1083–1093","Source dates: 2026-04-03 · published online; 2026-06 · issue date","Contributor roles: Alexander Bor · author; Antoine Marie · author; Lea Pradella · author; Michael Bang Petersen · author"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Alexander Bor","person_id":"person-coverage-d361fa87523111","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Antoine Marie","person_id":"person-coverage-ac7952fe8a90e0","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Lea Pradella","person_id":"person-coverage-d656f89709bcb1","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Michael Bang Petersen","person_id":"person-coverage-5984f86d56f0ce","role":"author"}],"sources":["https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-026-02432-5","https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-026-02432-5","https://pure.au.dk/portal/en/publications/social-media-users-experience-more-political-hostility-in-less-ec/"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"Social media users experience more political hostility in less economically equal and less democratic societies","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-2d8cf5d7893972"},{"authors":["Hamna Jamil","Maryam Ali","Noor Fatima"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Journal article; qualitative comparative analysis using secondary sources. Claims retain the source’s scope and study design; proposals, scenarios and observational associations are not established causal findings. ","claim":"Compares US and Chinese approaches to military AI using secondary literature, defence reports and policy analyses. It discusses autonomous systems, drone swarms, command and control, and risks to strategic stability and governance.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2026-06-17","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-9dd42f47369d0c","institutions":[],"kind":"Journal article; qualitative comparative analysis using secondary sources","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["Advance Social Science Archive Journal · Journal article; qualitative comparative analysis using secondary sources","No DOI verified; use linked source identity.","volume: 5 · issue: 2 · pages: 2087–2100","Source dates: 2026-06-17 · published online","Contributor roles: Hamna Jamil · author; Maryam Ali · author; Noor Fatima · author"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Hamna Jamil","person_id":"person-coverage-2f8bf365f14f41","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Maryam Ali","person_id":"person-coverage-4821a2778777f5","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Noor Fatima","person_id":"person-coverage-e2e39b7c9e1f85","role":"author"}],"sources":["https://assajournal.com/index.php/36/article/view/1873","https://assajournal.com/index.php/36/article/download/1873/2821"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"US China Technological Competition and The Use 0f Artificial Intellignce in Military Applications","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-7172f1043df0a8"},{"authors":["Nadav Voloch","Ron S. Hirschprung"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Review; publisher labels Systematic Review, while Methods specifies scoping review and evidence-mapping study. Claims retain the source’s scope and study design; proposals, scenarios and observational associations are not established causal findings. ","claim":"Maps 94 papers on AI-related privacy threats and protections using a multidimensional classification and Neo4J graph database. It surveys inference and re-identification risks alongside defences such as federated learning and differential privacy.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2026-02-18","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-5b16350286e3d0","institutions":[],"kind":"Review; publisher labels Systematic Review, while Methods specifies scoping review and evidence-mapping study","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence · Review; publisher labels Systematic Review, while Methods specifies scoping review and evidence-mapping study","DOI: 10.3389/frai.2026.1686454","volume: 9 · article_number: 1686454","Source dates: 2026-02-18 · published online","Contributor roles: Nadav Voloch · author; Ron S. Hirschprung · author"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Nadav Voloch","person_id":"person-coverage-105dfd2f961fea","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Ron S. Hirschprung","person_id":"person-coverage-0e369febfdd350","role":"author"}],"sources":["https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2026.1686454","https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/artificial-intelligence/articles/10.3389/frai.2026.1686454/full","https://cris.ariel.ac.il/iw/publications/both-ends-of-artificial-intelligence-impacting-privacy-a-review-o/"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"Both ends of artificial intelligence impacting privacy: a review of violation and protection","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-9966f9d19e3e05"},{"authors":["Eliav Lieblich","Eyal Benvenisti"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Doctrinal/normative legal journal article. Claims retain the source’s scope and study design; proposals, scenarios and observational associations are not established causal findings. ","claim":"Argues that warfare exercises public authority and therefore requires continuing discretion over targeting. The authors contend that preprogrammed autonomous weapons used without ongoing human involvement bind that discretion and conflict with humanitarian and human-rights obligations.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2016","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-3d1c8d84abd2f8","institutions":[],"kind":"Doctrinal/normative legal journal article","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["Iyunei Mishpat – Tel Aviv University Law Review · Doctrinal/normative legal journal article","No DOI verified; use linked source identity.","volume: 39 · issue: 1","Source dates: 2016 · journal year; 2015-10-08 · manuscript date; 2015-10-10 · ssrn posted; 2016-06-20 · ssrn last revised","Contributor roles: Eliav Lieblich · author; Eyal Benvenisti · author"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Eliav Lieblich","person_id":"person-coverage-d59f095da9d77f","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Eyal Benvenisti","person_id":"person-coverage-3833f91855bec5","role":"author"}],"sources":["https://en-law.tau.ac.il/profile/elieblich","https://law.tau.ac.il/Law_Review/Volume39","https://en-law.tau.ac.il/sites/law-english.tau.ac.il/files/media_server/Law/LAW%20REVIEWS/TAU%20LAW%20REVIEW/37/39-1/39.1_Eliav_Lieblich_Eyal_Benvenisti.pdf","https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2671385","https://en-law.tau.ac.il/sites/law-english.tau.ac.il/files/media_server/Law/Eliav_Lieblich/CV_Eliav_Lieblich2016.pdf","https://law.tau.ac.il/sites/law.tau.ac.il/files/media_server/law_heb/Law_Review/Volume39/Issue1/Lieblich_Benvenisti.pdf"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"לוחמה רובוטית ובעיית הכבילה של שיקול הדעת","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-112effc95d54cc"},{"authors":["Fan Zhang","Jieyi Pan"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Research journal article; organizational simulation study. Claims retain the source’s scope and study design; proposals, scenarios and observational associations are not established causal findings. Exact online-first day was not verified.","claim":"Uses simulations to investigate how microenterprises can manage adverse consequences of AI adoption through organizational imitation. In the model, imitating leading firms of similar size performs better than broader imitation or non-imitation strategies.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2025-04","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-ac581c4c158bd4","institutions":[],"kind":"Research journal article; organizational simulation study","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["Journal of Business Research · Research journal article; organizational simulation study","DOI: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2025.115331","volume: 193 · article_number: 115331","Source dates: 2025-04 · issue date","Contributor roles: Fan Zhang · author; Jieyi Pan · author","Exact online-first day was not verified."],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Fan Zhang","person_id":"person-coverage-209390b47e2834","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Jieyi Pan","person_id":"person-coverage-aa94d1e7e16779","role":"author"}],"sources":["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2025.115331","https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0148296325001547","https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/j.jbusres.2025.115331","https://www.nature.com/natmachintell/volumes/7/issues/4"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"Imitation: Mitigating AI backfire","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-7c509e0745d82d"},{"authors":["Jose Ramon Saura","Domingo Ribeiro-Soriano","Daniel Palacios-Marqués"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Research journal article; literature review, qualitative interviews and text analysis. Claims retain the source’s scope and study design; proposals, scenarios and observational associations are not established causal findings. ","claim":"Combines a literature review, fifteen interviews and text-analysis techniques to identify government AI uses and privacy concerns. It classifies risks including behavioral prediction, surveillance, automated decisions and manipulation, then proposes regulatory priorities and a research agenda.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2022-02-21","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-18d271152679cc","institutions":[],"kind":"Research journal article; literature review, qualitative interviews and text analysis","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["Government Information Quarterly · Research journal article; literature review, qualitative interviews and text analysis","DOI: 10.1016/j.giq.2022.101679","volume: 39 · issue: 4 · article_number: 101679","Source dates: 2022-02-21 · published online; 2022-10 · issue date","Contributor roles: Jose Ramon Saura · author; Domingo Ribeiro-Soriano · author; Daniel Palacios-Marqués · author"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Jose Ramon Saura","person_id":"person-coverage-ee12af788bf8a2","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Domingo Ribeiro-Soriano","person_id":"person-coverage-3902cb1f592fc9","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Daniel Palacios-Marqués","person_id":"person-coverage-0173e2b7a91437","role":"author"}],"sources":["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2022.101679","https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0740624X22000120","https://riunet.upv.es/server/api/core/bitstreams/642fc4f2-d437-4da3-8783-e900fc81f11c/content","https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/j.giq.2022.101679"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"Assessing behavioral data science privacy issues in government artificial intelligence deployment","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-2df2822bfc70e5"},{"authors":["Yik Chan Chin","David A. Raho","Hag-Min Kim","Chunli Bi","James Ong","Jingbo Huang","Serge Stinckwich"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Policy report. Claims retain the source’s scope and study design; proposals, scenarios and observational associations are not established causal findings. ","claim":"Compares AI-safety governance in China, South Korea, Singapore and the United Kingdom across autonomous vehicles, education and cross-border data flows. It identifies ethical, regulatory and technical interoperability gaps and recommends coordination, shared standards and context-sensitive governance.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[{"date":"","kind":"repository_manifestation","title":"Interoperability in AI Safety Governance: Ethics, Regulations, and Standards","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.06153"}],"concepts":[],"date":"2025","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-c88c069031f395","institutions":[],"kind":"Policy report","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["United Nations University Institute in Macau · Policy report","No DOI verified; use linked source identity.","Source dates: 2025 · report year; 2026-01-06 · arxiv v1 submitted","Contributor roles: Yik Chan Chin · author; David A. Raho · author; Hag-Min Kim · author; Chunli Bi · author; James Ong · author; Jingbo Huang · author; Serge Stinckwich · author"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Yik Chan Chin","person_id":"person-coverage-cd64fb7bc34f76","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"David A. 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Claims retain the source’s scope and study design; proposals, scenarios and observational associations are not established causal findings. Full report PDF was not retrieved in this pass; summary and genre are based on the official report page and issuer announcement. No article DOI or journal manifestation matching the supplied citation was verified.","claim":"Uses system-dynamics modelling to explore alternative trajectories for AI-related electricity demand and infrastructure through 2035. It stresses feedbacks, policy choices and possible local energy shortages; scenarios are exploratory tools rather than predictions.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2024-12-02","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-4f22688a72ae8c","institutions":[],"kind":"Corporate research report; system-dynamics scenarios","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["Schneider Electric Sustainability Research Institute · Corporate research report; system-dynamics scenarios","No DOI verified; use linked source identity.","Source dates: 2024-12-02 · publisher page date","Contributor roles: Rémi Paccou · author; Fons Wijnhoven · author","Full report PDF was not retrieved in this pass; summary and genre are based on the official report page and issuer announcement.","No article DOI or journal manifestation matching the supplied citation was verified."],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Rémi Paccou","person_id":"person-coverage-616566a5e9cfbb","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Fons Wijnhoven","person_id":"person-coverage-a4253deceb78de","role":"author"}],"sources":["https://www.se.com/ww/en/insights/sustainability/sustainability-research-institute/artificial-intelligence-electricity-system-dynamics-approach/","https://research.utwente.nl/en/publications/artificial-intelligence-and-electricity-a-system-dynamics-approac/","https://live.euronext.com/sites/default/files/company_press_releases/attachments/2024/12/05/cpr01_hugin_Schneider%20Electric%E2%80%99s%20new%20research%20forecasts%20AI%E2%80%99s%20impact%20on%20energy%20consumption.pdf"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"Artificial Intelligence and Electricity: A System Dynamics Approach","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-856216fac10f2b"},{"authors":["Toni Erskine","Steven E. Miller"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Journal article; special-issue introduction. Claims retain the source’s scope and study design; proposals, scenarios and observational associations are not established causal findings. ","claim":"Introduces a special issue on the prospective influence of AI on decisions to initiate force. It distinguishes automated self-defence from AI-enabled decision support, outlines risks and benefits, and argues that military competition will encourage adoption.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2024-05-31","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-ae94c6acd7cfeb","institutions":[],"kind":"Journal article; special-issue introduction","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["Australian Journal of International Affairs · Journal article; special-issue introduction","DOI: 10.1080/10357718.2024.2349598","volume: 78 · issue: 2 · pages: 135–147","Source dates: 2024-05-31 · published online; 2024-03-03 · registry print date","Contributor roles: Toni Erskine · author; Steven E. Miller · author"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Toni Erskine","person_id":"person-coverage-68bd1c2b4b2af1","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Steven E. 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Vera Liao","Brian Lim","Linda Onnasch","Tim Schrills","Liz Sonenberg","Chenhao Tan","Nava Tintarev","Ziang Xiao","Hanwei Zhang"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Cross-disciplinary conceptual framework / preprint. Claims retain the source’s scope and study design; proposals, scenarios and observational associations are not established causal findings. ","claim":"Develops a cross-disciplinary framework defining human oversight roles, architectures and processes for AI systems, with a documentation template and open research questions. It is a conceptual preprint, not an empirical demonstration that oversight prevents harm.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2026-04-09","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-93f9cabb324a25","institutions":[],"kind":"Cross-disciplinary conceptual framework / preprint","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["arXiv · Cross-disciplinary conceptual framework / preprint","DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.2605.16278","Source dates: 2026-04-09 · first submitted; 2026-05 · repository available","Contributor roles: Susanne Gaube · author; Markus Langer · author; Tim Miller · author; Kevin Baum · author; Raimund Dachselt · author; Anna Maria Feit · author; Ujwal Gadiraju · author; Harmanpreet Kaur · author; Mark T. Keane · author; Richard Landers · author; Johann Laux · author; Q. Vera Liao · author; Brian Lim · author; Linda Onnasch · author; Tim Schrills · author; Liz Sonenberg · author; Chenhao Tan · author; Nava Tintarev · author; Ziang Xiao · author; Hanwei Zhang · author"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Susanne Gaube","person_id":"person-coverage-a8e0b5e671152e","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Markus Langer","person_id":"person-coverage-ad46518fceff5a","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Tim Miller","person_id":"person-coverage-c47188ddd35b36","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Kevin Baum","person_id":"person-coverage-7b2cb8f5a0295d","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Raimund Dachselt","person_id":"person-coverage-10bae422c13f0e","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Anna Maria Feit","person_id":"person-coverage-532f375c935561","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Ujwal Gadiraju","person_id":"person-coverage-8f9e00beaa6ad2","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Harmanpreet Kaur","person_id":"person-coverage-f821037a9e0197","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Mark T. Keane","person_id":"person-coverage-0f30502f6455d6","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Richard Landers","person_id":"person-coverage-2318e38636aebc","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Johann Laux","person_id":"person-coverage-4e5075a53b5e8d","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Q. Vera Liao","person_id":"person-coverage-6e111b55517766","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Brian Lim","person_id":"person-coverage-6a7b9dac703cc1","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Linda Onnasch","person_id":"person-coverage-76d698882b4a8a","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Tim Schrills","person_id":"person-coverage-95c4b42b80994a","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Liz Sonenberg","person_id":"person-coverage-43bc1f7a7d00ea","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Chenhao Tan","person_id":"person-coverage-bbfcc6cccdd368","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Nava Tintarev","person_id":"person-coverage-a7c163f8dadc6b","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Ziang Xiao","person_id":"person-coverage-11e2c07ffca3fa","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Hanwei Zhang","person_id":"person-coverage-3bb5f02a7e4f85","role":"author"}],"sources":["https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2605.16278","https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.16278","https://api.datacite.org/dois/10.48550/arXiv.2605.16278"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"Keeping an Eye on AI: A Framework for Effective Human Oversight of AI Systems","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-39f4e36f3af640"},{"authors":["International Committee of the Red Cross"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Institutional working paper / negotiating-position submission. Claims retain the source’s scope and study design; proposals, scenarios and observational associations are not established causal findings. ","claim":"Recommends preserving the CCW draft’s human-control and lifecycle safeguards while adding prohibitions on autonomous weapons targeting people and restrictions to military objectives by nature. It urges a negotiating mandate for a legally binding instrument.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2026-08","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-69afd5d52d2afb","institutions":[],"kind":"Institutional working paper / negotiating-position submission","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["International Committee of the Red Cross · Institutional working paper / negotiating-position submission","No DOI verified; use linked source identity.","Source dates: 2026-08 · document date","Contributor roles: International Committee of the Red Cross · group author"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"organization","name":"International Committee of the Red Cross","role":"group_author"}],"sources":["https://www.icrc.org/sites/default/files/2026-08/ICRC_working_paper_GGE_LAWS_August-2026-ICRC.pdf","https://www.icrc.org/en/article/icrc-working-paper-regulate-autonomous-weapon-systems"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"Working paper submitted to the CCW Group of Governmental Experts on Emerging Technologies in the Area of Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-6b82971df32d4e"},{"authors":["Muhammad Salar Khan","Azka Shoaib","Elizabeth Arledge"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Research article; literature-based policy-framework analysis. Claims retain the source’s scope and study design; proposals, scenarios and observational associations are not established causal findings. ","claim":"Uses six policy-process frameworks to examine how US policymakers might advance federal adoption of AI despite ethical, legal, institutional, workforce and infrastructure barriers. It is a literature-based policy analysis rather than an evaluation of surveillance-tool effectiveness.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2024-03","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-288f4a414fc964","institutions":[],"kind":"Research article; literature-based policy-framework analysis","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":[" · Research article; literature-based policy-framework analysis","DOI: 10.1016/j.giq.2023.101908","volume: 41 · issue: 1 · article_number: 101908","Source dates: 2024-03 · issue date","Contributor roles: Muhammad Salar Khan · author; Azka Shoaib · author; Elizabeth Arledge · author"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Muhammad Salar Khan","person_id":"person-coverage-81e35a84de9921","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Azka Shoaib","person_id":"person-coverage-85752490bcd670","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Elizabeth Arledge","person_id":"person-coverage-9fe0b15414c9dc","role":"author"}],"sources":["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2023.101908","https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/j.giq.2023.101908","https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4419284"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"How to promote AI in the US federal government: Insights from policy process frameworks","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-2dc5980024f828"},{"authors":["Annamária Porkoláb-Minarik"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Theoretical / conceptual journal article. Claims retain the source’s scope and study design; proposals, scenarios and observational associations are not established causal findings. ","claim":"Develops a conceptual model of how AI decision support and immersive VR/XR environments can shape military judgment through perception, cognition and trust. It discusses automation bias, cognitive overload and offloading, and calls for empirical testing of the proposed relationships.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2026","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-594a27048c267d","institutions":[],"kind":"Theoretical / conceptual journal article","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":[" · Theoretical / conceptual journal article","DOI: 10.32563/hsz.2026.ksz.9","volume: 19 · issue: Különszám · pages: 155–167","Source dates: 2026 · issue date; 2026-09-14 · published online","Contributor roles: Annamária Porkoláb-Minarik · author"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Annamária Porkoláb-Minarik","person_id":"person-coverage-7345544195c08e","role":"author"}],"sources":["https://doi.org/10.32563/hsz.2026.ksz.9","https://folyoirat.ludovika.hu/index.php/hsz/article/view/8921","https://folyoirat.ludovika.hu/index.php/hsz/article/download/8921/6951","https://api.crossref.org/works/10.32563/hsz.2026.ksz.9"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"Digitálisan közvetített valóság és döntéshozatali sérülékenység","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-593a387c090d6b"},{"authors":["Mohammad Aldabbas"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Doctoral thesis (PhD in Management). Claims retain the source’s scope and study design; proposals, scenarios and observational associations are not established causal findings. ","claim":"Examines technology-driven security risks in Society 5.0 using a literature-based analysis, expert interviews and forecasting focused on Switzerland. It proposes “Smart Sovereignty” as a framework for strengthening individuals’ control relative to governments and technology companies.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2023","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-32ebfe1df5c663","institutions":[],"kind":"Doctoral thesis (PhD in Management)","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["FOLIA – Fribourg Open Library and Archive · Doctoral thesis (PhD in Management)","DOI: 10.51363/unifr.eth.2023.008","Source dates: 2023 · dissertation publication year","Contributor roles: Mohammad Aldabbas · author"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Mohammad Aldabbas","person_id":"person-coverage-79d20497c3ec38","role":"author"}],"sources":["https://doi.org/10.51363/unifr.eth.2023.008","https://sonar.ch/unifr/documents/323740","https://folia.unifr.ch/documents/323740/files/AldabbasM.pdf","https://api.crossref.org/works/10.51363/unifr.eth.2023.008","https://infonomics-society.org/wp-content/uploads/Smart-Sovereignty-The-Security-Shield-for-Smart-Society-5-0.pdf"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"Smart sovereignty and the security of society 5.0: An explorative study on the challenges under the technological revolution, with forecasting the future","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-ebf70d02e72358"},{"authors":["World Bank"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Flagship institutional report / book. Claims retain the source’s scope and study design; proposals, scenarios and observational associations are not established causal findings. Summary is grounded in official report synopsis, chapter summaries and launch statement; full book was not retrieved in this pass.","claim":"Assesses AI’s development implications and advocates adopting and adapting tools to local needs while building infrastructure, skills and institutions. It also examines concentrated market power, cross-country dependency and risks of propaganda and surveillance.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2026-08-04","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-629fd6251a28b9","institutions":[],"kind":"Flagship institutional report / book","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["World Bank · Flagship institutional report / book","DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-2331-2","Source dates: 2026-08-04 · published online; 2026-08-04 · publisher launch; 2026-08-04 · official document date; 2026-09-04 · repository disclosure date","Contributor roles: World Bank · group author","Summary is grounded in official report synopsis, chapter summaries and launch statement; full book was not retrieved in this pass."],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"organization","name":"World Bank","role":"group_author"}],"sources":["https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-2331-2","https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/wdr2026","https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2026/08/04/ai-offers-lifeline-to-developing-economies-in-an-era-of-weak-growth","https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/099090426145520570","https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1596/978-1-4648-2331-2"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"World Development Report 2026: The Promise of Artificial Intelligence","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-c983e27c143fcf"},{"authors":["Tamrat Yifrashewa"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Author-published newsletter / strategic commentary. Claims retain the source’s scope and study design; proposals, scenarios and observational associations are not established causal findings. ","claim":"Argues that durable AI-related national power depends on compute, semiconductor supply, energy, skilled people, institutions and public trust. The commentary discusses infrastructure concentration and international interdependence, presenting policy proposals and forecasts rather than tested causal findings.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2026-08-21","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-5deac14ee4484a","institutions":[],"kind":"Author-published newsletter / strategic commentary","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":[" · Author-published newsletter / strategic commentary","No DOI verified; use linked source identity.","Source dates: 2026-08-21 · published online","Contributor roles: Tamrat Yifrashewa · author"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Tamrat Yifrashewa","person_id":"person-coverage-88f891755640ad","role":"author"}],"sources":["https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/age-ai-power-how-compute-energy-chips-institutions-tamrat-yifrashewa--meqxc","https://www.linkedin.com/in/tamraty","https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/artificial-intelligence-truth-gap-tamrat-yifrashewa--9hltc/"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"The Age of AI Power: How Compute, Energy, Chips, Institutions, and Trust Are Redrawing Geopolitics","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-90a9c00f1c71cb"},{"authors":["Ehsan Ejazi","Mahsa Ahmadyan"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Journal article / military-strategic analysis. Claims retain the source’s scope and study design; proposals, scenarios and observational associations are not established causal findings. ","claim":"Examines AI-enabled remote systems, drones and automated weapons in U.S. proxy-war strategy during 2020–2024. The authors argue that potential operational and resource advantages coexist with civilian-harm and ethical concerns.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2025-12-12","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-f69e4f7bc44a3a","institutions":[],"kind":"Journal article / military-strategic analysis","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":[" · Journal article / military-strategic analysis","DOI: 10.21140/mcuj.20251602007","volume: 16 · issue: 2 · pages: 151–166","Source dates: 2025-12-12 · published online; 2026-02-09 · published print","Contributor roles: Ehsan Ejazi · author; Mahsa Ahmadyan · author"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Ehsan Ejazi","person_id":"person-coverage-b0440d67bc38ff","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Mahsa Ahmadyan","person_id":"person-coverage-e07342e25aa5ad","role":"author"}],"sources":["https://doi.org/10.21140/mcuj.20251602007","https://www.usmcu.edu/Outreach/Marine-Corps-University-Press/MCU-Journal/JAMS-vol-16-no-2/The-Role-of-Artificial-Intelligence/","https://www.usmcu.edu/Portals/218/JAMS_Fall%202025_16_2_Ejazi_Ahmadyan.pdf","https://api.crossref.org/works/10.21140/mcuj.20251602007"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"The Role of Artificial Intelligence in the U.S. Military Strategy in Proxy Wars, 2020–2024","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-8ee70e02b15f3f"},{"authors":["Wenqi Wei","Ka-Ho Chow","Yanzhao Wu","Ling Liu"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Research article; formal and empirical federated-learning security analysis. Claims retain the source’s scope and study design; proposals, scenarios and observational associations are not established causal findings. IEEE full text and metadata page could not be retrieved beyond its bot-check screen. Bibliography and abstract are corroborated by the registry and author/institutional sources. Exact early-online and manuscript-history days remain unverified; retain separate known date fields. The summary is bounded to the verified institutional abstract, not an independent reproduction of experiments.","claim":"Studies targeted dirty-label poisoning in federated learning, including statistical features of client gradient updates, the influence of attack timing, and how existing defences perform. Formal analysis and experiments examine when those signals can help detect or mitigate poisoning.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2024","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-5b10dd24d223da","institutions":[],"kind":"Research article; formal and empirical federated-learning security analysis","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["IEEE Transactions on Services Computing · Research article; formal and empirical federated-learning security analysis","DOI: 10.1109/TSC.2023.3341951","volume: 17 · issue: 1 · pages: 237–250","Source dates: 2024 · publication year","Contributor roles: Wenqi Wei · author; Ka-Ho Chow · author; Yanzhao Wu · author; Ling Liu · author","IEEE full text and metadata page could not be retrieved beyond its bot-check screen. Bibliography and abstract are corroborated by the registry and author/institutional sources.","Exact early-online and manuscript-history days remain unverified; retain separate known date fields.","The summary is bounded to the verified institutional abstract, not an independent reproduction of experiments."],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Wenqi Wei","person_id":"person-coverage-cf8f0ff431ad32","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Ka-Ho Chow","person_id":"person-coverage-c6b25368748707","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Yanzhao Wu","person_id":"person-coverage-4981ae2a5d497d","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Ling Liu","person_id":"person-coverage-3d392cccc48aa1","role":"author"}],"sources":["https://doi.org/10.1109/TSC.2023.3341951","https://hub.hku.hk/handle/10722/343446","https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1109/TSC.2023.3341951","https://wenqiwei789.github.io/Homepage/pages/publications.html","https://khchow.com/","https://www.nature.com/natmachintell/volumes/8/issues/2"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"Demystifying Data Poisoning Attacks in Distributed Learning as a Service","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-6840ded299a7c6"},{"authors":["Mirko Casu","Luca Guarnera","Pasquale Caponnetto","Sebastiano Battiato"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Journal article; conceptual and narrative review of cognitive biases and deepfake detection. Claims retain the source’s scope and study design; proposals, scenarios and observational associations are not established causal findings. ","claim":"Reviews cognitive biases in forensic decision-making and introduces impostor bias: a prior tendency to suspect that genuine-looking media were AI-generated. 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It separates reasoning latency from flight-control timing and evaluates deployment, safety, connectivity and privacy challenges, recommending independent safety controls and better validation evidence.","collection":"consciousness_sources","companion_works":[],"concepts":[],"date":"2026-09-20","entity_type":"work","family_ids":[],"id":"consciousness-source-b017b27c399b49","institutions":[],"kind":"Journal article; structured, topic-driven literature survey","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":["Intelligence & Control · Journal article; structured, topic-driven literature survey","DOI: 10.53941/ic.2026.100011","volume: 2 · issue: 3 · article_number: 4","Source dates: 2026-09-20 · published online","Contributor roles: Hao Wang · author; Meijie Zhang · author","Crossref author-order metadata conflicts with the publisher; no publisher correction was located. Use the published Wang–Zhang order.","The submitted C5ISR subtitle and Nature manifestation have no established source."],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Hao Wang","person_id":"person-coverage-c33c49bcfe0c30","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Meijie Zhang","person_id":"person-coverage-fffd2c13c18bd9","role":"author"}],"sources":["https://www.sciltp.com/journals/ic/articles/2608004995","https://media.sciltp.com/articles/2608004995/2608004995.pdf","https://api.crossref.org/works/10.53941/ic.2026.100011","https://www.nature.com/nature/volumes/639/issues/8055"],"status":"Verified work identity; publication stage retained","title":"Large Language Model-Driven Autonomous UAV Systems: Technical Evolution, Core Architectures, and Critical Challenges","topics":["Consciousness, cognition and AI · source-scoped literature"],"work_id":"work-focused-221de86213fb97"},{"authors":["Kim & Chang"],"authors_complete":true,"boundary":"Source-scoped Law-firm legal/policy newsletter. 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It can also lower the effective price of that service, opening uses that were previously uneconomic. The economy-wide result therefore combines savings on existing uses with additional consumption. Jevons's coal argument concerns this demand response, not a claim that every efficiency improvement necessarily increases total use.","depth_scope":"Mechanism explanation follows the linked original works; worked application is a contemporary editorial example, not an empirical result.","example":"A cheaper document summary may save inference cost per summary while encouraging a firm to summarize every customer interaction. Compare total useful output, total resource consumption and the cost of checking; per-request savings alone answer only one of these questions.","featured":true,"id":"jevons","kind":"Economic lens","label":"Efficiency and rebound","lens_tags":["economic"],"limits":"Rebound depends on demand, substitution and constraints; it is not an inevitable increase in employment.","person_ids":["person-local-williamstanleyjevons"],"relationships":[],"relevance":"Cheaper inference may create new tasks and larger volumes. The demand response must be measured, not assumed.","search_terms":["Jevons paradox","rebound effect"],"strand":"economic","territories":["cost","productivity"],"unit":"Resource use across an economy","visual":{"author":"Jevons","signature":"Efficiency / rebound","steps":["Efficiency improves","Effective cost falls","Demand may expand"],"tokens":{"cost":"task price","productivity":"more uses"}},"works":[{"contributors":["William Stanley Jevons"],"date_note":"First publication 1865; linked text is the 1866 second edition.","title":"The Coal Question","url":"https://www.econlib.org/library/YPDBooks/Jevons/jvnCQ.html?chapter_num=9","work_id":"work-1ded429630d0","year":1865}],"year":1865,"review":{"status":"Editorial explanation; check source scope and limits."}},{"assumptions":"Internal organization and external exchange each incur costs.","claim":"A firm substitutes internal direction for market exchange when the costs of using the price mechanism make that worthwhile.","depth":"Using a market involves discovering prices, negotiating arrangements and maintaining contracts. Internal direction can replace some of those transactions, but organizing inside the firm also costs something and becomes more difficult as activities grow. The boundary depends on the comparison between organizing an additional activity internally and arranging it through exchange. Neither side is assumed costless.","depth_scope":"Mechanism explanation follows the linked original works; worked application is a contemporary editorial example, not an empirical result.","example":"An AI service can simplify both supplier contracting and internal coordination. For a support workflow, compare those two changes together with oversight costs before inferring whether the firm should outsource more or bring the work inside.","featured":true,"id":"coase","kind":"Economic lens","label":"The boundary of the firm","lens_tags":["economic"],"limits":"Lower transaction costs do not prescribe a single optimal firm size; internal costs can also change.","person_ids":["person-ronaldhcoase"],"relationships":[],"relevance":"AI can cheapen both contracting and internal coordination. Compare which costs fall, for which activities.","strand":"economic","territories":["boundaries","productivity"],"unit":"Transaction and firm","visual":{"author":"Coase","signature":"Transaction costs","steps":["Market exchange","Costly transactions","Internal direction"],"tokens":{"boundaries":"make or buy","productivity":"coordination"}},"works":[{"contributors":["Ronald H. Coase"],"date_note":"First publication year.","title":"The Nature of the Firm","url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-0335.1937.tb00002.x","work_id":"work-fd68f788d840","year":1937}],"year":1937,"review":{"status":"Editorial explanation; check source scope and limits."}},{"assumptions":"Parties face bounded rationality and may behave opportunistically.","claim":"Governance choices respond to asset specificity, uncertainty and the hazards of incomplete contracting.","depth":"A transaction can expose parties to dependence when investments are specific to that relationship. Uncertainty and incomplete contracting leave room for adaptation disputes and opportunistic behavior. Governance arrangements matter because they provide different safeguards and ways to resolve those problems. The framework examines transactions and their hazards, rather than treating the cheapest quoted service as automatically efficient.","depth_scope":"Mechanism explanation follows the linked original works; worked application is a contemporary editorial example, not an empirical result.","example":"A model vendor may offer low inference prices while becoming difficult to replace once a firm's retrieval system, evaluations and sensitive context depend on its interface. Examine switching, adaptation and enforcement alongside the quoted price.","featured":true,"id":"williamson","kind":"Economic lens","label":"Governance and contracting hazards","lens_tags":["economic"],"limits":"Cost savings alone do not eliminate dependence, adaptation or enforcement problems.","person_ids":["person-oliverewilliamson"],"relationships":[],"relevance":"A fast model service may still expose a firm to lock-in, sensitive context and accountability risks.","strand":"economic","territories":["boundaries","quality"],"unit":"Transaction and governance arrangement","visual":{"author":"Williamson","signature":"Contracting hazards","steps":["Specific assets","Contracting hazards","Governance choice"],"tokens":{"boundaries":"asset specificity","quality":"incomplete terms"}},"works":[{"contributors":["Oliver E. Williamson"],"date_note":"1975 book; 1985 companion book. Linked Nobel lecture is a 2009 retrospective.","title":"Markets and Hierarchies","url":"https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2018/06/williamson_lecture.pdf","work_id":"work-2c9b221696eb","year":1975}],"year":1975,"review":{"status":"Editorial explanation; check source scope and limits."}},{"assumptions":"Labor markets transmit wage pressures across sectors.","claim":"When productivity grows unevenly, wages and relative costs can rise in slower-growing labor-intensive activities.","depth":"The model contrasts activities with different rates of labor-productivity growth. If wages rise across sectors, an activity whose output still needs roughly the same labor time can become relatively more expensive. The mechanism depends on wages, labor requirements and productivity differences; it does not classify all services as permanently unproductive or establish that their social value is low.","depth_scope":"Mechanism explanation follows the linked original works; worked application is a contemporary editorial example, not an empirical result.","example":"If drafting becomes faster but accountable review still takes experienced staff time, review can occupy a larger share of the total cost. Measure hours and usable output for both stages; a change in cost shares is not evidence that review has become less valuable.","featured":true,"id":"baumol","kind":"Economic lens","label":"Uneven productivity","lens_tags":["economic"],"limits":"The model does not show that every service resists automation or that rising cost means declining value.","person_ids":["person-local-williamjbaumol"],"relationships":[],"relevance":"Faster drafting can leave responsibility, care and verification relatively costly. Examine the remaining bottleneck.","strand":"economic","territories":["cost","productivity"],"unit":"Sectors with different productivity growth","visual":{"author":"Baumol","signature":"Uneven productivity","steps":["Uneven gains","Wages adjust","Relative costs rise"],"tokens":{"cost":"relative wages","productivity":"uneven gains"}},"works":[{"contributors":["William J. Baumol"],"date_note":"1967 article; wider performing-arts research includes William G. Bowen.","title":"Macroeconomics of Unbalanced Growth","url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/1812111","work_id":"work-285dcc28e31f","year":1967}],"year":1967,"review":{"status":"Editorial explanation; check source scope and limits."}},{"assumptions":"Capabilities transfer across products and deliver customer value.","claim":"Collective learning and the coordination of diverse skills can support several products.","depth":"Prahalad and Hamel locate competence in collective learning, coordination of production skills and integration of technologies. Their tests concern access to multiple markets, contribution to customer benefits and difficulty of imitation. A competence can support several products because it is shared organizational know-how, rather than merely a resource purchased for one business unit.","depth_scope":"Mechanism explanation follows the linked original works; worked application is a contemporary editorial example, not an empirical result.","example":"A firm may use the same model as competitors yet possess a repeatable way to connect domain expertise, evaluations and operational feedback across products. Test whether that capability transfers, creates customer value and remains difficult to imitate.","featured":true,"id":"core-competence","kind":"Economic lens","label":"Collective competence","lens_tags":["economic"],"limits":"A useful tool is not automatically a hard-to-copy organizational competence.","person_ids":["person-ckprahalad","person-garyhamel"],"relationships":[],"relevance":"The strategic asset may be the ability to integrate models, domain knowledge and operations rather than access to a model.","strand":"economic","territories":["advantage","capability"],"unit":"Corporation and shared capability","visual":{"author":"Prahalad · Hamel","signature":"Collective competence","steps":["Diverse skills","Collective learning","Several products"],"tokens":{"advantage":"shared skills","capability":"collective learning"}},"works":[{"contributors":["C. K. Prahalad","Gary Hamel"],"date_note":"First publication year.","title":"The Core Competence of the Corporation","url":"https://hbr.org/1990/05/the-core-competence-of-the-corporation","work_id":"work-01abd5d4253f","year":1990}],"year":1990,"review":{"status":"Editorial explanation; check source scope and limits."}},{"assumptions":"Competitive positions require choices that rivals cannot copy without changing their systems.","claim":"Strategy involves a distinctive configuration of activities, trade-offs and fit.","depth":"Operational effectiveness improves how an activity is performed; strategic positioning concerns which activities are performed and how they fit together. Trade-offs constrain imitation, while fit can make an activity system harder to copy piecemeal. The argument asks whether choices reinforce a distinctive position, rather than whether the firm has adopted the same useful technologies as its rivals.","depth_scope":"Mechanism explanation follows the linked original works; worked application is a contemporary editorial example, not an empirical result.","example":"A retailer's AI recommendations, purchasing policy and service promise may reinforce a particular customer proposition. Map those choices and their trade-offs. Installing a recommendation model by itself does not establish strategic fit or a durable advantage.","featured":true,"id":"porter","kind":"Economic lens","label":"Activities and strategic fit","lens_tags":["economic"],"limits":"Operational improvement alone can be widely copied; industry context still matters.","person_ids":["person-michaeleporter"],"relationships":[],"relevance":"If everyone can buy similar AI tools, advantage depends on how activities reinforce each other.","strand":"economic","territories":["advantage","boundaries"],"unit":"Firm activity system","visual":{"author":"Porter","signature":"Strategic fit","steps":["Activity choices","Mutual fit","Distinctive position"],"tokens":{"advantage":"trade-offs","boundaries":"activity choices"}},"works":[{"contributors":["Michael E. Porter"],"date_note":"1996 article; Competitive Strategy (1980) and Competitive Advantage (1985) are earlier anchors.","title":"What Is Strategy?","url":"https://hbr.org/1996/11/what-is-strategy","work_id":"work-5085979d44d4","year":1996}],"year":1996,"review":{"status":"Editorial explanation; check source scope and limits."}},{"assumptions":"New technology needs organizational complements; some investment is poorly measured.","claim":"General-purpose technologies require complementary intangible investment that can depress measured productivity before gains appear.","depth":"New general-purpose technologies require investment in complementary processes, skills and other intangible assets. Some of that investment is poorly captured in conventional accounts, which can make measured productivity look weak during installation and stronger later as the complements contribute output. The mechanism is a measurement and investment argument, not a guarantee that an unsuccessful project will recover.","depth_scope":"Mechanism explanation follows the linked original works; worked application is a contemporary editorial example, not an empirical result.","example":"Separate a service firm's software costs, training effort and workflow redesign from recurring output. Track what was invested and whether useful output improves afterward; explaining a temporary measurement dip does not justify ignoring a persistent operational failure.","featured":true,"id":"productivity-j-curve","kind":"Economic lens","label":"The productivity J-curve","lens_tags":["economic"],"limits":"A delayed return is not evidence that a project will eventually succeed.","person_ids":["person-local-erikbrynjolfsson","person-local-danielrock","person-local-chadsyverson"],"relationships":[],"relevance":"Training, workflow redesign and data infrastructure can matter as much as benchmark performance.","strand":"economic","territories":["productivity","cost"],"unit":"Firm investment and measured productivity","visual":{"author":"Brynjolfsson +","signature":"Complementary investment","steps":["New technology","Complementary investment","Measured gains lag"],"tokens":{"cost":"intangible costs","productivity":"delayed gains"}},"works":[{"contributors":["Erik Brynjolfsson","Daniel Rock","Chad Syverson"],"date_note":"2021 journal publication; Brynjolfsson's productivity-paradox article appeared in 1993.","title":"The Productivity J-Curve","url":"https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/mac.20180386","work_id":"work-30513289078f","year":2021},{"contributors":["Erik Brynjolfsson"],"date_note":"1993 CACM article; linked author manuscript dated 1992.","title":"The Productivity Paradox of Information Technology","url":"https://ccs.mit.edu/papers/CCSWP130/ccswp130.html","work_id":"work-afac87714756","year":1993}],"year":2021,"review":{"status":"Editorial explanation; check source scope and limits."}},{"assumptions":"Inherited work arrangements can be changed across functional boundaries.","claim":"Redesign processes around their outcomes instead of using technology to speed up existing steps.","depth":"Hammer's intervention is to reconsider the structure of a process around its intended outcome, including who performs work, where decisions happen and how information moves. Davenport and Short independently connect information technology with business-process redesign. Technology can enable different arrangements; applying it to every inherited step can preserve unnecessary handoffs and delay.","depth_scope":"Mechanism explanation follows the linked original works; worked application is a contemporary editorial example, not an empirical result.","example":"Before inserting a model into every step of invoice handling, identify the outcome, exceptions, approvals and accountability. Removing duplicate transcription may help more than accelerating it. Preserve controls that prevent payment errors when redesigning the handoffs.","featured":true,"id":"reengineering","kind":"Economic lens","label":"Redesign the work","lens_tags":["economic"],"limits":"Radical redesign can destroy useful knowledge and controls; the argument is not a universal mandate for cuts.","person_ids":["person-michaelhammer","person-thomashdavenport","person-jameseshort"],"relationships":[],"relevance":"A model inserted into a poor process may accelerate rework. Identify the outcome, handoffs and control points.","strand":"economic","territories":["productivity","boundaries"],"unit":"Business process","visual":{"author":"Hammer","signature":"Process redesign","steps":["Existing process","Redesign outcomes","Changed workflow"],"tokens":{"boundaries":"process ownership","productivity":"redesigned work"}},"works":[{"contributors":["Michael Hammer"],"date_note":"1990 article. Davenport and Short independently contribute to the process-redesign literature.","title":"Reengineering Work","url":"https://store.hbr.org/product/reengineering-work-don-t-automate-obliterate/90406","work_id":"work-1dc06cdd2fd9","year":1990},{"contributors":["Thomas H. Davenport","James E. Short"],"date_note":"First publication year.","title":"The New Industrial Engineering: Information Technology and Business Process Redesign","url":"https://dspace.mit.edu/entities/publication/35dee1b9-8824-4539-9f44-9644ff4fdc42","work_id":"work-365f97e12fa3","year":1990}],"year":1990,"review":{"status":"Editorial explanation; check source scope and limits."}},{"assumptions":"A sufficiently stable process supplies meaningful observations.","claim":"Statistical process control distinguishes ordinary variation from signals that call for investigation.","depth":"Control charts compare observations from a repeated process with limits derived from its variation. A signal invites investigation of an assignable cause; routine variation calls for attention to the underlying process. These limits describe process behavior rather than customer requirements. A stable process can still produce unacceptable outputs, so stability and fitness for use must be assessed separately.","depth_scope":"Mechanism explanation follows the linked original works; worked application is a contemporary editorial example, not an empirical result.","example":"Monitor a consistent class of AI-assisted cases over time, including sampling and error definitions. Investigate a change in the error pattern before assigning blame. Also test whether the ordinary error level is acceptable; statistical stability alone cannot answer that.","featured":true,"id":"shewhart","kind":"Economic lens","label":"Variation and process control","lens_tags":["economic"],"limits":"Control limits are not customer specifications; stability alone does not make a process good.","person_ids":["person-walterashewhart"],"relationships":[],"relevance":"Track AI error patterns across repeated work. A single impressive answer cannot establish dependable performance.","strand":"economic","territories":["quality","productivity"],"unit":"Repeated production process","visual":{"author":"Shewhart","signature":"Process variation","steps":["Process observations","Separate variation","Investigate signals"],"tokens":{"productivity":"stable process","quality":"common / special"}},"works":[{"contributors":["Walter A. Shewhart"],"date_note":"1931 book; linked ASQ account is an institutional history.","title":"Economic Control of Quality of Manufactured Product","url":"https://asq.org/about-asq/honorary-members/shewhart","work_id":"work-fad0245009f0","year":1931}],"year":1931,"review":{"status":"Editorial explanation; check source scope and limits."}},{"assumptions":"Management can alter the conditions under which people work.","claim":"Quality and productivity depend on management of the system, learning and reduction of avoidable variation.","depth":"Deming places responsibility for quality in the management of an interdependent system. Training, methods, incentives, variation and the conditions of production affect what individuals can achieve. Inspection can identify defects after production without removing their cause. Improvement therefore requires learning about the process and changing the conditions that repeatedly generate failure.","depth_scope":"Mechanism explanation follows the linked original works; worked application is a contemporary editorial example, not an empirical result.","example":"If an assistant repeatedly gives obsolete policy answers, inspect document freshness, retrieval, review and ownership together. Asking each operator to be more careful can leave the same failure mechanism intact. Check whether the system change improves repeated outcomes.","featured":true,"id":"deming","kind":"Economic lens","label":"Improve the system","lens_tags":["economic"],"limits":"Blaming an individual or adding inspection does not necessarily remove the cause of failure.","person_ids":["person-wedwardsdeming"],"relationships":[],"relevance":"Treat recurring model failures as a system problem involving objectives, data, review and incentives.","strand":"economic","territories":["quality","productivity"],"unit":"Organization and production system","visual":{"author":"Deming","signature":"System improvement","steps":["System of work","Study and improve","Less avoidable variation"],"tokens":{"productivity":"system learning","quality":"variation"}},"works":[{"contributors":["W. Edwards Deming"],"date_note":"Commonly cited 1986 edition; MIT Press records a 1982 publication lineage.","title":"Out of the Crisis","url":"https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262350037/out-of-the-crisis/","work_id":"work-8ce4b757cb87","year":1986}],"year":1986,"review":{"status":"Editorial explanation; check source scope and limits."}},{"assumptions":"Customer needs and responsibility for quality can be specified.","claim":"Quality planning, control and improvement are distinct management responsibilities.","depth":"The trilogy separates designing a process to meet customer needs, maintaining its intended performance and improving it beyond the existing level. Each activity asks a different management question. Planning defines what quality means and how it can be achieved; control detects departures; improvement addresses the causes of chronic shortfalls. A single aggregate score cannot discharge all three responsibilities.","depth_scope":"Mechanism explanation follows the linked original works; worked application is a contemporary editorial example, not an empirical result.","example":"For an AI-assisted claims process, assign who defines an acceptable decision, who monitors routine operation and who investigates recurrent failures. Distinguish a temporary departure from a persistent design defect so that the response addresses the right problem.","featured":true,"id":"juran","kind":"Economic lens","label":"Plan, control, improve","lens_tags":["economic"],"limits":"An inspection score cannot substitute for planning the right process or improving it.","person_ids":["person-josephmjuran"],"relationships":[],"relevance":"Assign who defines acceptable AI outputs, controls routine work and repairs systemic failure.","strand":"economic","territories":["quality","boundaries"],"unit":"Quality-management process","visual":{"author":"Juran","signature":"Quality responsibilities","steps":["Quality goals","Plan, control, improve","Managed responsibility"],"tokens":{"boundaries":"accountability","quality":"plan / control"}},"works":[{"contributors":["Joseph M. Juran"],"date_note":"1986 trilogy; Quality-Control Handbook first edition 1951. Linked institutional chronology.","title":"The Quality Trilogy","url":"https://www.juran.com/about-us/dr-jurans-history/","work_id":"work-e710c96a4b9f","year":1986}],"year":1986,"review":{"status":"Editorial explanation; check source scope and limits."}},{"assumptions":"Workers have situated knowledge and support for acting on it.","claim":"Small frontline groups participate in systematic improvement of their own work.","depth":"The QC-circle movement organizes small groups around learning and improvement in their own workplace. The contribution includes participation, problem identification and practical quality methods, supported by an institutional movement and its training infrastructure. Situated knowledge matters because the people doing the work encounter constraints and failure patterns that remote planners can overlook.","depth_scope":"Mechanism explanation follows the linked original works; worked application is a contemporary editorial example, not an empirical result.","example":"Give staff using an assistant a regular way to collect recurring failures, test repairs and see management responses. A feedback channel without time, authority or follow-through does not reproduce the participatory improvement mechanism.","featured":true,"id":"quality-circles","kind":"Economic lens","label":"Frontline quality learning","lens_tags":["economic"],"limits":"Participation without time, authority or management response can become symbolic.","person_ids":["person-kaoruishikawa"],"relationships":[],"relevance":"People using AI daily can identify failures that benchmark designers miss. Give feedback an operational path.","strand":"economic","territories":["quality","capability"],"unit":"Work group and improvement process","visual":{"author":"Ishikawa","signature":"Frontline improvement","steps":["Frontline knowledge","Group problem-solving","Process improvement"],"tokens":{"capability":"frontline learning","quality":"local feedback"}},"works":[{"contributors":["Kaoru Ishikawa","Union of Japanese Scientists and Engineers (JUSE)"],"date_note":"April 1962 magazine milestone, not the birth of all participatory improvement.","title":"QC-circle movement / Genba To QC","url":"https://www.juse.or.jp/english/qc/index.html","work_id":"work-bc47dfd80386","year":1962}],"year":1962,"review":{"status":"Editorial explanation; check source scope and limits."}},{"assumptions":"Information and cognitive capacity are limited.","claim":"Attention, communication and decision programs shape behavior under bounded rationality.","featured":false,"id":"march-simon","kind":"Economic lens","label":"Organizations as decision systems","lens_tags":["economic"],"limits":"More available information need not produce better decisions.","person_ids":["person-jamesgmarch","person-herbertasimon"],"relationships":[],"relevance":"AI may change search and attention allocation without removing organizational constraints.","strand":"economic","territories":["boundaries","capability"],"unit":"Organization","visual":{"author":"March · Simon","signature":"Decision programs","steps":["Limited attention","Decision programs","Organized behavior"],"tokens":{"boundaries":"attention routing","capability":"decision routines"}},"works":[{"contributors":["James G. March","Herbert A. Simon"],"date_note":"First publication year.","title":"Organizations","url":"https://irs.princeton.edu/organizations","work_id":"work-b62aa334b025","year":1958}],"year":1958,"review":{"status":"Editorial explanation; check source scope and limits."}},{"assumptions":"Relevant knowledge is dispersed and often specific to time and place.","claim":"Coordination must use local knowledge dispersed among many people.","featured":false,"id":"hayek","kind":"Economic lens","label":"Distributed knowledge","lens_tags":["economic"],"limits":"A centralized representation may omit tacit or changing context.","person_ids":["person-friedrichahayek"],"relationships":[],"relevance":"A broad model is not a complete repository of operational knowledge.","strand":"economic","territories":["boundaries","capability"],"unit":"Economic coordination","visual":{"author":"Hayek","signature":"Dispersed knowledge","steps":["Local knowledge","Coordination signals","Distributed decisions"],"tokens":{"boundaries":"local signals","capability":"distributed knowledge"}},"works":[{"contributors":["Friedrich A. Hayek"],"date_note":"First publication year.","title":"The Use of Knowledge in Society","url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/1809376","work_id":"work-4af9f1020bd7","year":1945}],"year":1945,"review":{"status":"Editorial explanation; check source scope and limits."}},{"assumptions":"Inventive output is uncertain and information is difficult to price before disclosure.","claim":"Uncertainty, information and appropriability complicate markets for inventive activity.","featured":false,"id":"arrow","kind":"Economic lens","label":"Information and invention","lens_tags":["economic"],"limits":"The result is not a simple prescription that all knowledge should be public or proprietary.","person_ids":["person-kennethjarrow"],"relationships":[],"relevance":"Model licensing and data access involve disclosure and appropriation problems.","strand":"economic","territories":["advantage","boundaries"],"unit":"Market for invention","visual":{"author":"Arrow","signature":"Information markets","steps":["Inventive knowledge","Uncertain exchange","Market complications"],"tokens":{"advantage":"uncertain returns","boundaries":"appropriability"}},"works":[{"contributors":["Kenneth J. Arrow"],"date_note":"First publication year.","title":"Economic Welfare and the Allocation of Resources for Invention","url":"https://www.nber.org/books-and-chapters/rate-and-direction-inventive-activity-economic-and-social-factors/economic-welfare-and-allocation-resources-invention","work_id":"work-662caeda5dc6","year":1962}],"year":1962,"review":{"status":"Editorial explanation; check source scope and limits."}},{"assumptions":"Resources supply different services depending on experience and organization.","claim":"Productive services from resources and managerial capacity shape the opportunities and limits of firm growth.","featured":false,"id":"penrose","kind":"Economic lens","label":"Resources and firm growth","lens_tags":["economic"],"limits":"Owning a resource is not the same as being able to use it productively.","person_ids":["person-edithpenrose"],"relationships":[],"relevance":"Model access can expand options while integration capacity limits expansion.","strand":"economic","territories":["advantage","capability"],"unit":"Firm growth","visual":{"author":"Penrose","signature":"Services of resources","steps":["Existing resources","Productive services","Growth constrained"],"tokens":{"advantage":"managerial limits","capability":"resource services"}},"works":[{"contributors":["Edith T. Penrose"],"date_note":"First publication year.","title":"The Theory of the Growth of the Firm","url":"https://academic.oup.com/book/25306","work_id":"work-7248b7e2c79a","year":1959}],"year":1959,"review":{"status":"Editorial explanation; check source scope and limits."}},{"assumptions":"New strategies place demands on coordination and control.","claim":"Historical studies connect expansion and diversification with changes in administrative structure.","featured":false,"id":"chandler","kind":"Economic lens","label":"Strategy and structure","lens_tags":["economic"],"limits":"Historical cases do not establish one universal organization design.","person_ids":["person-alfreddchandlerjr"],"relationships":[],"relevance":"AI-enabled expansion can require new decision rights rather than merely fewer reporting layers.","strand":"economic","territories":["boundaries","productivity"],"unit":"Large corporation","visual":{"author":"Chandler","signature":"Strategy / structure","steps":["Expansion strategy","Administrative redesign","New structure"],"tokens":{"boundaries":"administration","productivity":"structural change"}},"works":[{"contributors":["Alfred D. Chandler Jr."],"date_note":"First publication year.","title":"Strategy and Structure","url":"https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262530095/strategy-and-structure/","work_id":"work-8673c9130e0a","year":1962}],"year":1962,"review":{"status":"Editorial explanation; check source scope and limits."}},{"assumptions":"Resource differences can persist and competitors face imitation barriers.","claim":"Valuable, rare, imperfectly imitable and non-substitutable resources can support sustained advantage.","featured":false,"id":"barney","kind":"Economic lens","label":"Resources and durable advantage","lens_tags":["economic"],"limits":"Resources lose strategic value when markets or substitutes change.","person_ids":["person-jaybbarney"],"relationships":[],"relevance":"Widely available models alone rarely satisfy scarcity and imitation conditions.","strand":"economic","territories":["advantage","capability"],"unit":"Firm resource","visual":{"author":"Barney","signature":"Durable resources","steps":["Valuable resources","Difficult imitation","Possible durable rent"],"tokens":{"advantage":"VRIN resources","capability":"complements"}},"works":[{"contributors":["Jay B. Barney"],"date_note":"First publication year.","title":"Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage","url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/014920639101700108","work_id":"work-70c374d37a2e","year":1991}],"year":1991,"review":{"status":"Editorial explanation; check source scope and limits."}},{"assumptions":"Competition includes innovation, not only price changes within fixed markets.","claim":"Innovation changes industries by creating new products, methods and organizational forms.","featured":false,"id":"schumpeter","kind":"Economic lens","label":"Creative destruction","lens_tags":["economic"],"limits":"The concept does not predict the timing or beneficiaries of each technological wave.","person_ids":["person-josephaschumpeter"],"relationships":[],"relevance":"AI can alter what is produced and who competes, not just the cost of current products.","strand":"economic","territories":["advantage","cost"],"unit":"Industry and economic development","visual":{"author":"Schumpeter","signature":"Creative destruction","steps":["Innovation","Industrial reconfiguration","Creation and displacement"],"tokens":{"advantage":"entry / exit","cost":"new methods"}},"works":[{"contributors":["Joseph A. Schumpeter"],"date_note":"First publication year.","title":"Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy","url":"https://www.routledge.com/Capitalism-Socialism-and-Democracy/Schumpeter/p/book/9780415567893","work_id":"work-7359609cd318","year":1942}],"year":1942,"review":{"status":"Editorial explanation; check source scope and limits."}},{"assumptions":"Organizations use learned routines rather than constantly optimizing from scratch.","claim":"Routines, search and selection explain how firms and technologies change over time.","featured":false,"id":"nelson-winter","kind":"Economic lens","label":"Routines, search and selection","lens_tags":["economic"],"limits":"Routines can preserve both useful knowledge and maladaptive behavior.","person_ids":["person-richardrnelson","person-sidneygwinter"],"relationships":[],"relevance":"AI adoption changes routines through experimentation and learning, not only purchase decisions.","strand":"economic","territories":["capability","productivity"],"unit":"Firm routines and industry evolution","visual":{"author":"Nelson · Winter","signature":"Routines and selection","steps":["Existing routines","Search and selection","Evolution over time"],"tokens":{"capability":"organizational routines","productivity":"adaptive search"}},"works":[{"contributors":["Richard R. Nelson","Sidney G. Winter"],"date_note":"First publication year.","title":"An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change","url":"https://www.hup.harvard.edu/books/9780674272286","work_id":"work-9e73c62d3a1b","year":1982}],"year":1982,"review":{"status":"Editorial explanation; check source scope and limits."}},{"assumptions":"Rapid change makes reconfiguration of assets consequential.","claim":"Processes, positions and paths shape a firm's ability to adapt in changing environments.","featured":false,"id":"dynamic-capabilities","kind":"Economic lens","label":"Adaptation as a capability","lens_tags":["economic"],"limits":"The framework does not make every organizational change an advantage.","person_ids":["person-davidjteece","person-garyppisano","person-amyshuen"],"relationships":[],"relevance":"Repeatedly integrating new models may matter more than selecting today's strongest model.","strand":"economic","territories":["advantage","capability"],"unit":"Firm capabilities","visual":{"author":"Teece · Pisano · Shuen","signature":"Reconfiguration","steps":["Changing environment","Reconfigure assets","Adaptation capability"],"tokens":{"advantage":"asset adaptation","capability":"reconfiguration"}},"works":[{"contributors":["David J. Teece","Gary Pisano","Amy Shuen"],"date_note":"First publication year.","title":"Dynamic Capabilities and Strategic Management","url":"https://sms.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/%28SICI%291097-0266%28199708%2918%3A7%3C509%3A%3AAID-SMJ882%3E3.0.CO%3B2-Z","work_id":"work-86a771b0cb23","year":1997}],"year":1997,"review":{"status":"Editorial explanation; check source scope and limits."}},{"assumptions":"New trajectories initially appeal to different customers or performance requirements.","claim":"Resource allocation toward established customers can leave successful firms vulnerable to disruptive trajectories.","featured":false,"id":"christensen","kind":"Economic lens","label":"Incumbent allocation and disruption","lens_tags":["economic"],"limits":"Not every breakthrough or fast-growing entrant is disruptive in this specific sense.","person_ids":["person-claytonmchristensen"],"relationships":[],"relevance":"Ask which customers and incentives prevent an incumbent from pursuing an AI-enabled offering.","strand":"economic","territories":["advantage","boundaries"],"unit":"Firm and emerging market","visual":{"author":"Christensen","signature":"Allocation / disruption","steps":["Established customers","Resource allocation","Entrant opportunity"],"tokens":{"advantage":"new trajectories","boundaries":"customer demands"}},"works":[{"contributors":["Clayton M. Christensen"],"date_note":"First publication year.","title":"The Innovator's Dilemma","url":"https://www.christenseninstitute.org/book/the-innovators-dilemma/","work_id":"work-f71a3825564f","year":1997}],"year":1997,"review":{"status":"Editorial explanation; check source scope and limits."}},{"assumptions":"The value of adoption depends in part on other users or complementary systems.","claim":"Network size, expectations and compatibility can change competition and consumer choices.","featured":false,"id":"network-effects","kind":"Economic lens","label":"Networks and compatibility","lens_tags":["economic"],"limits":"Network effects vary by product and can be weakened by interoperability.","person_ids":["person-local-michaellkatz","person-local-carlshapiro"],"relationships":[],"relevance":"AI ecosystems may gain value from complements and user networks; model quality is a separate mechanism.","strand":"economic","territories":["advantage","boundaries"],"unit":"Network market","visual":{"author":"Katz · Shapiro","signature":"Networks / compatibility","steps":["User adoption","Network externalities","Changed competition"],"tokens":{"advantage":"adoption feedback","boundaries":"compatibility"}},"works":[{"contributors":["Michael L. Katz","Carl Shapiro"],"date_note":"First publication year.","title":"Network Externalities, Competition, and Compatibility","url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/1814809","work_id":"work-1460a2388dfe","year":1985}],"year":1985,"review":{"status":"Editorial explanation; check source scope and limits."}},{"assumptions":"One group's participation affects the value to another group.","claim":"The distribution of prices across interdependent user groups affects platform participation.","featured":false,"id":"platforms","kind":"Economic lens","label":"Two-sided platform competition","lens_tags":["economic"],"limits":"Not every business with several customer types is a two-sided platform.","person_ids":["person-local-jeancharlesrochet","person-jeantirole"],"relationships":[],"relevance":"Developer subsidies and enterprise pricing can change participation in model ecosystems.","strand":"economic","territories":["advantage","cost"],"unit":"Two-sided platform","visual":{"author":"Rochet · Tirole","signature":"Two-sided participation","steps":["Two user groups","Cross-side participation","Price distribution matters"],"tokens":{"advantage":"cross-side demand","cost":"price structure"}},"works":[{"contributors":["Jean-Charles Rochet","Jean Tirole"],"date_note":"First publication year.","title":"Platform Competition in Two-Sided Markets","url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1162/154247603322493212","work_id":"work-5492fdc985cf","year":2003}],"year":2003,"review":{"status":"Editorial explanation; check source scope and limits."}},{"assumptions":"Search is costly and alternatives cannot always be exhaustively evaluated.","claim":"Organizational decisions operate under limits of knowledge, attention and computational ability.","featured":false,"id":"simon","kind":"Economic lens","label":"Bounded rationality","lens_tags":["economic"],"limits":"Faster computation does not define goals or resolve conflicting preferences.","person_ids":["person-herbertasimon"],"relationships":[],"relevance":"AI can improve search while leaving judgment, aspiration levels and authority unresolved.","strand":"economic","territories":["capability","boundaries"],"unit":"Decision maker and organization","visual":{"author":"Simon","signature":"Bounded rationality","steps":["Limited knowledge","Bounded deliberation","Workable decisions"],"tokens":{"boundaries":"decision limits","capability":"satisficing"}},"works":[{"contributors":["Herbert A. 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It demonstrates computational possibilities of a model of connected units; it does not establish how a brain learns or how to train a useful commercial system.","depth_scope":"Mechanism explanation follows the linked original works; worked application is a contemporary editorial example, not an empirical result.","example":"Use this work to separate representational possibility from a training procedure. Showing that an architecture can express a rule does not establish that data and optimization will discover the rule or that the resulting system will perform reliably.","featured":true,"id":"neurons","kind":"Technical advance","label":"Computational neurons","lens_tags":["technical"],"limits":"This is a formal model, not a modern learning algorithm or an account of the whole brain.","person_ids":["person-warrenmcculloch","person-walterpitts"],"relationships":[],"relevance":"Computational representation made a class of machine intelligence thinkable; learning remained a separate problem.","strand":"technical","territories":["capability"],"unit":"Formal neural network","visual":{"author":"McCulloch · Pitts","signature":"Threshold logic","steps":["Idealized neurons","Threshold operations","Logical computation"],"tokens":{"capability":"logical units"}},"works":[{"contributors":["Warren S. 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The expressive limitations of a particular architecture and learning setup remain relevant; a demonstration of learning does not make all classification problems solvable by that model.","depth_scope":"Mechanism explanation follows the linked original works; worked application is a contemporary editorial example, not an empirical result.","example":"For a narrow classification task, examine the representation, labels and decision boundary before selecting a learner. Learning from examples can replace some explicit rules, but the examples and architecture still determine what distinctions are available.","featured":true,"id":"perceptron","kind":"Technical advance","label":"Learning from examples","lens_tags":["technical"],"limits":"Simple perceptrons have representational limits; learning success depends on the task.","person_ids":["person-frankrosenblatt"],"relationships":[],"relevance":"Learning replaces some hand-written rules but does not eliminate the need to select objectives and examples.","strand":"technical","territories":["capability","quality"],"unit":"Adaptive classifier","visual":{"author":"Rosenblatt","signature":"Adaptive weights","steps":["Examples","Adaptive weights","Classification"],"tokens":{"capability":"learned weights","quality":"classification"}},"works":[{"contributors":["Frank Rosenblatt"],"date_note":"First publication year.","title":"The Perceptron","url":"https://doi.org/10.1037/h0042519","work_id":"work-e40b50bacdb3","year":1958}],"year":1958,"review":{"status":"Editorial explanation; check source scope and limits."}},{"assumptions":"The objective and network permit useful gradient-based updates.","claim":"Propagating error derivatives through layered networks supports learning useful internal representations.","depth":"Backpropagation efficiently applies the chain rule through a composed network to calculate derivatives of a loss with respect to parameters. An optimizer uses those derivatives to update the parameters. The 1986 learning-representations paper is one important anchor; the catalog also credits earlier reverse-mode and neural-network contributions by Linnainmaa and Werbos instead of claiming a single origin.","depth_scope":"Mechanism explanation follows the linked original works; worked application is a contemporary editorial example, not an empirical result.","example":"A network can improve the specified training loss while learning a shortcut that fails in use. Separate the derivative calculation, optimization procedure, objective and held-out evaluation; success at the first three does not establish the fourth.","featured":true,"id":"backprop","kind":"Technical advance","label":"Learning internal representations","lens_tags":["technical"],"limits":"Gradients do not guarantee global optimality; earlier differentiation and neural-learning work matters.","person_ids":["person-davidrumelhart","person-geoffreyhinton","person-ronaldjwilliams","person-local-seppolinnainmaa","person-local-pauljwerbos"],"relationships":[],"relevance":"A trainable representation expands capabilities while making data and objective design central.","strand":"technical","territories":["capability","productivity"],"unit":"Differentiable layered model","visual":{"author":"Rumelhart · Hinton · Williams","signature":"Error derivatives","steps":["Prediction error","Backward derivatives","Internal representations"],"tokens":{"capability":"layered learning","productivity":"representation reuse"}},"works":[{"contributors":["David E. 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The family includes Fukushima's Neocognitron and LeCun and collaborators' document-recognition work; this is a contribution family, not a claim that one paper created every component.","depth_scope":"Mechanism explanation follows the linked original works; worked application is a contemporary editorial example, not an empirical result.","example":"In document recognition, local patterns and shared filters can make visual learning practical. A change in page layout, language or scanning conditions still needs evaluation; an architecture suited to local patterns does not remove distribution-shift risk.","featured":true,"id":"convolution","kind":"Technical advance","label":"Convolution and visual learning","lens_tags":["technical"],"limits":"Architectural bias matters; scale alone is not the explanation.","person_ids":["person-yannlecun","person-leonbottou","person-yoshuabengio","person-patrickhaffner","person-kunihikofukushima"],"relationships":[],"relevance":"Useful systems combine learned representations with domain structure and integration.","strand":"technical","territories":["capability","quality"],"unit":"Vision architecture and recognition system","visual":{"author":"LeCun +","signature":"Spatial structure","steps":["Image structure","Shared learned filters","Recognition"],"tokens":{"capability":"learned filters","quality":"document recognition"}},"works":[{"contributors":["Yann LeCun","Léon Bottou","Yoshua Bengio","Patrick Haffner"],"date_note":"1998 synthesis; earlier zip-code work appeared in 1989.","title":"Gradient-Based Learning Applied to Document Recognition","url":"https://leon.bottou.org/publications/pdf/ieee-1998.pdf","work_id":"work-96850dcf86b3","year":1998},{"contributors":["Kunihiko Fukushima"],"date_note":"First publication year.","title":"Neocognitron: A Self-organizing Neural Network Model for a Mechanism of Pattern Recognition Unaffected by Shift in Position","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7370364/","work_id":"work-3e33d40dd854","year":1980}],"year":1998,"review":{"status":"Editorial explanation; check source scope and limits."}},{"assumptions":"Training can exploit the designed memory and gating structure.","claim":"A memory architecture addresses difficulties learning dependencies over long time intervals.","depth":"Long short-term memory introduces a memory-cell architecture and mechanisms for controlling information flow through sequences. It addresses difficulties in learning dependencies across many steps. Memory in this technical sense is an architectural and training property, not a statement that a system preserves every fact faithfully or understands a sequence as a person does.","depth_scope":"Mechanism explanation follows the linked original works; worked application is a contemporary editorial example, not an empirical result.","example":"For a sequential prediction task, ask which dependencies need to persist and how performance changes with sequence length. 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This made a particular class of deep model more tractable in its research setting. Its significance should be read alongside the architecture, objective and training procedure actually used, rather than as proof that any deeper network will perform better.","depth_scope":"Mechanism explanation follows the linked original works; worked application is a contemporary editorial example, not an empirical result.","example":"A useful historical comparison separates the ability to train a model from the value of its outputs. Training methods can unlock an architecture, while application performance still depends on data, objectives, computation and evaluation.","featured":true,"id":"deep-belief","kind":"Technical advance","label":"Usable depth","lens_tags":["technical"],"limits":"One path in a broader revival; it is not the modern recipe for every deep model.","person_ids":["person-geoffreyhinton","person-local-simonosindero","person-local-yeewhyeteh"],"relationships":[],"relevance":"Training methods can change which architectures are practical at a given compute budget.","strand":"technical","territories":["capability","cost"],"unit":"Deep belief network","visual":{"author":"Hinton · Osindero · Teh","signature":"Layer-wise training","steps":["Layer-wise learning","Useful initialization","Trainable depth"],"tokens":{"capability":"deep generative nets","cost":"usable training"}},"works":[{"contributors":["Geoffrey E. 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Benchmark improvement reflects the interaction of data, architecture and training resources; it is not an isolated victory of one ingredient or evidence that the same model can solve every visual task.","depth_scope":"Mechanism explanation follows the linked original works; worked application is a contemporary editorial example, not an empirical result.","example":"Before transferring a benchmark result to inspection work, compare image conditions, label definitions and the cost of missed defects. Credit dataset construction and compute-enabled training alongside model design, and validate the actual deployment setting.","featured":true,"id":"imagenet-alexnet","kind":"Technical advance","label":"Data and accelerated vision","lens_tags":["technical"],"limits":"Benchmark progress does not establish robust performance in every deployment environment.","person_ids":["person-alexkrizhevsky","person-ilyasutskever","person-geoffreyhinton","person-local-jiadeng","person-local-weidong","person-local-richardsocher","person-local-lijiali","person-local-kaili","person-feifeili"],"relationships":[],"relevance":"Model quality is a system outcome: data, compute, architecture and evaluation are complementary inputs.","strand":"technical","territories":["capability","productivity"],"unit":"Image-classification system","visual":{"author":"Deng + / Krizhevsky +","signature":"Data × compute × architecture","steps":["Labeled image data","CNN and GPU training","Classification gains"],"tokens":{"capability":"image recognition","productivity":"accelerated vision"}},"works":[{"contributors":["Alex Krizhevsky","Ilya Sutskever","Geoffrey E. 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BERT fine-tunes bidirectional representations; GPT-3 demonstrates task performance using examples in context, without task-specific gradient updates.","depth":"BERT and GPT-3 represent different adaptation arrangements within this family. BERT pretrains bidirectional representations and adapts them through fine-tuning; GPT-3 evaluates task examples supplied in context without task-specific gradient updates. Reusing a pretrained model spreads training effort across tasks, but the objectives, adaptation methods and evidence for performance must remain distinct.","depth_scope":"Mechanism explanation follows the linked original works; worked application is a contemporary editorial example, not an empirical result.","example":"For a support classifier, compare fine-tuning with supplying examples in a prompt, then measure task quality, maintenance and review effort. 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Hoffmann and collaborators examine compute-optimal allocation between parameters and tokens; Kaplan and collaborators provide another language-model scaling anchor. These relationships inform allocation decisions within their domains, rather than guaranteeing useful reasoning or a particular deployment price.","depth_scope":"Mechanism explanation follows the linked original works; worked application is a contemporary editorial example, not an empirical result.","example":"For a fixed research budget, distinguish training allocation from inference cost and application value. A lower predictive loss may be worth pursuing, but business acceptance still requires task evaluation, latency, review and total operating cost.","featured":true,"id":"scaling","kind":"Technical advance","label":"Scale and compute allocation","lens_tags":["technical"],"limits":"Training loss is not the same as business value, truthfulness or inference cost.","person_ids":["person-local-jordanhoffmann","person-local-sebastianborgeaud","person-local-arthurmensch","person-local-elenabuchatskaya","person-local-trevorcai","person-local-elizarutherford","person-local-diegodelascasas","person-local-lisaannehendricks","person-local-johanneswelbl","person-local-aidanclark","person-local-tomhennigan","person-local-ericnoland","person-local-katiemillican","person-local-georgevandendriessche","person-local-bogdandamoc","person-local-aureliaguy","person-local-simonosindero","person-karensimonyan","person-local-erichelsen","person-local-jackwrae","person-oriolvinyals","person-local-laurentsifre","person-jaredkaplan","person-sammccandlish","person-local-tomhenighan","person-tombrown","person-local-benjaminchess","person-local-rewonchild","person-scottgray","person-alecradford","person-jeffwu","person-darioamodei"],"relationships":[],"relevance":"A larger model is not automatically the most efficient allocation of scarce compute.","strand":"technical","territories":["cost","advantage","capability"],"unit":"Language-model training budget","visual":{"author":"Hoffmann +","signature":"Compute allocation","steps":["Fixed compute","Joint size / data choice","Better allocation"],"tokens":{"advantage":"resource allocation","capability":"training budget","cost":"model × tokens"}},"works":[{"contributors":["Jordan Hoffmann","Sebastian Borgeaud","Arthur Mensch","Elena Buchatskaya","Trevor Cai","Eliza Rutherford","Diego de Las Casas","Lisa Anne Hendricks","Johannes Welbl","Aidan Clark","Tom Hennigan","Eric Noland","Katie Millican","George van den Driessche","Bogdan Damoc","Aurelia Guy","Simon Osindero","Karen Simonyan","Erich Elsen","Jack W. 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Different generation objectives can create convincing images; verification against the product and the intended purpose remains a separate responsibility.","featured":true,"id":"generation","kind":"Technical advance","label":"Generative objectives","lens_tags":["technical"],"limits":"Training can be unstable; plausible samples do not certify fidelity or suitability.","person_ids":["person-iangoodfellow","person-jeanpougetabadie","person-mehdimirza","person-bingxu","person-davidwardefarley","person-sherjilozair","person-aaroncourville","person-yoshuabengio","person-jaschasohldickstein","person-ericaweiss","person-nirumaheswaranathan","person-suryaganguli","person-jonathanho","person-ajayjain","person-pieterabbeel"],"relationships":[],"relevance":"Generating convincing artifacts creates a separate problem of evaluating provenance and quality.","strand":"technical","territories":["capability","quality"],"unit":"Generative model and training objective","visual":{"author":"Goodfellow + / Ho +","signature":"Generative objectives","steps":["Data samples","Generative objective","New samples"],"tokens":{"capability":"data-distribution model","quality":"sample ≠ truth"}},"works":[{"contributors":["Ian J. 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Evaluate agreement with evidence separately from helpfulness or style, and examine whose preferences were collected and which failure types the feedback can detect.","featured":true,"id":"human-feedback","kind":"Technical advance","label":"Alignment through feedback","lens_tags":["technical"],"limits":"Human preference is not equivalent to truth or universal alignment; failures persist.","person_ids":["person-longouyang","person-jeffwu","person-local-xujiang","person-local-diogoalmeida","person-local-carrolllwainwright","person-pamelamishkin","person-local-chongzhang","person-sandhiniagarwal","person-local-katarinaslama","person-local-alexray","person-johnschulman","person-local-jacobhilton","person-local-fraserkelton","person-local-lukemiller","person-local-maddiesimens","person-amandaaskell","person-local-peterwelinder","person-paulchristiano","person-janleike","person-ryanlowe","person-tombrown","person-local-miljanmartic","person-local-shanelegg","person-darioamodei"],"relationships":[],"relevance":"Quality requires objectives and feedback systems as well as a capable base model.","strand":"technical","territories":["quality","capability"],"unit":"Language-model behavior and human evaluations","visual":{"author":"Ouyang +","signature":"Demonstrations / preferences","steps":["Demonstrations","Preference training","Instruction following"],"tokens":{"capability":"instruction following","quality":"human preferences"}},"works":[{"contributors":["Long Ouyang","Jeff Wu","Xu Jiang","Diogo Almeida","Carroll L. 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Le"],"date_note":"First publication year.","title":"Sequence to Sequence Learning with Neural Networks","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1409.3215","work_id":"work-86af6450d88e","year":2014}],"year":2014,"review":{"status":"Editorial explanation; check source scope and limits."}},{"assumptions":"The chosen approximate posterior and model are tractable enough to optimize.","claim":"A variational objective and reparameterization enable efficient learning in latent-variable models.","featured":false,"id":"vae","kind":"Technical advance","label":"Latent-variable generation","lens_tags":["technical"],"limits":"The approximation and objective constrain what is learned.","person_ids":["person-diederikpkingma","person-maxwelling"],"relationships":[],"relevance":"Generative AI includes probabilistic latent-variable approaches, not only adversarial or autoregressive models.","strand":"technical","territories":["capability","quality"],"unit":"Probabilistic generative model","visual":{"author":"Kingma · Welling","signature":"Latent-variable inference","steps":["Observed data","Variational objective","Latent-variable learning"],"tokens":{"capability":"latent variables","quality":"approximation"}},"works":[{"contributors":["Diederik P Kingma","Max Welling"],"date_note":"2013 preprint / ICLR 2014.","title":"Auto-Encoding Variational Bayes","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1312.6114","work_id":"work-0eca0208d886","year":2014}],"year":2014,"review":{"status":"Editorial explanation; check source scope and limits."}},{"assumptions":"Score estimates across noise levels support sampling.","claim":"Estimated score functions and sampling dynamics provide a route to generative modeling.","featured":false,"id":"score-models","kind":"Technical advance","label":"Score-based generation","lens_tags":["technical"],"limits":"Sampling quality and cost depend on learned scores and the sampling process.","person_ids":["person-local-yangsong","person-stefanoermon"],"relationships":[],"relevance":"Generation trades off fidelity, coverage and computational work.","strand":"technical","territories":["capability","quality"],"unit":"Distribution estimator and sampler","visual":{"author":"Song · Ermon","signature":"Score-based sampling","steps":["Data distribution","Estimated score","Sampling dynamics"],"tokens":{"capability":"score estimation","quality":"sampling limits"}},"works":[{"contributors":["Yang Song","Stefano Ermon"],"date_note":"First publication year.","title":"Generative Modeling by Estimating Gradients of the Data Distribution","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1907.05600","work_id":"work-69a3d428af63","year":2019}],"year":2019,"review":{"status":"Editorial explanation; check source scope and limits."}},{"assumptions":"The retriever can find information useful to the generator.","claim":"A model combines parametric knowledge with retrieved non-parametric information.","featured":false,"id":"rag","kind":"Technical advance","label":"Retrieval and generation","lens_tags":["technical"],"limits":"Retrieval does not guarantee correct sources, complete coverage or faithful answers.","person_ids":["person-local-patricklewis","person-local-ethanperez","person-local-aleksandrapiktus","person-local-fabiopetroni","person-local-vladimirkarpukhin","person-local-namangoyal","person-local-heinrichkuttler","person-mikelewis","person-local-wentauyih","person-local-timrocktaschel","person-local-sebastianriedel","person-local-douwekiela"],"relationships":[],"relevance":"Separating knowledge access from model weights changes updating, access control and verification choices.","strand":"technical","territories":["boundaries","quality","capability"],"unit":"Retrieval-generation system","visual":{"author":"Lewis +","signature":"Retrieval + generation","steps":["Question and corpus","Retrieve then generate","Contextual output"],"tokens":{"boundaries":"external memory","capability":"parametric + retrieved","quality":"retrieval limits"}},"works":[{"contributors":["Patrick Lewis","Ethan Perez","Aleksandra Piktus","Fabio Petroni","Vladimir Karpukhin","Naman Goyal","Heinrich Küttler","Mike Lewis","Wen-tau Yih","Tim Rocktäschel","Sebastian Riedel","Douwe Kiela"],"date_note":"First publication year.","title":"Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP Tasks","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.11401","work_id":"work-27181b89c704","year":2020}],"year":2020,"review":{"status":"Editorial explanation; check source scope and limits."}},{"assumptions":"A specified interaction can make a question about intelligence investigable.","claim":"The imitation game replaces an ambiguous question about thinking with a behavioral test.","featured":false,"id":"turing","kind":"Technical advance","label":"An operational intelligence question","lens_tags":["technical"],"limits":"Passing a behavioral test is not a universal measure of reasoning, truth or responsibility.","person_ids":["person-alanturing"],"relationships":[],"relevance":"Evaluation criteria determine which capabilities are rewarded.","strand":"technical","territories":["capability","quality"],"unit":"Machine behavior in an interrogation game","visual":{"author":"Turing","signature":"Behavioral evaluation","steps":["Ambiguous thinking","Behavioral test","Operational question"],"tokens":{"capability":"imitation game","quality":"operational test"}},"works":[{"contributors":["Alan M. 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Minsky","Nathaniel Rochester","Claude E. Shannon"],"date_note":"1955 proposal for the 1956 summer project.","title":"A Proposal for the Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence","url":"https://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/history/dartmouth/dartmouth.html","work_id":"work-1bb9a0d5fda9","year":1955}],"year":1955,"review":{"status":"Editorial explanation; check source scope and limits."}},{"assumptions":"Representations and operations support heuristic search.","claim":"Physical symbol systems and heuristic search provide a theory and research program for intelligent action.","featured":false,"id":"symbols","kind":"Technical advance","label":"Symbols and search","lens_tags":["technical"],"limits":"The hypothesis does not establish that all intelligent behavior follows the same practical architecture.","person_ids":["person-allennewell","person-herbertasimon"],"relationships":[],"relevance":"Rule and search systems provide an alternative to purely learned representations.","strand":"technical","territories":["capability","boundaries"],"unit":"Symbolic system","visual":{"author":"Newell · Simon","signature":"Symbols / heuristic search","steps":["Symbolic representation","Heuristic search","Intelligent action"],"tokens":{"boundaries":"symbolic structure","capability":"search processes"}},"works":[{"contributors":["Allen Newell","Herbert A. Simon"],"date_note":"First publication year.","title":"Computer Science as Empirical Inquiry: Symbols and Search","url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/360018.360022","work_id":"work-094a46cc0793","year":1976}],"year":1976,"review":{"status":"Editorial explanation; check source scope and limits."}},{"assumptions":"Symbolic structures can be represented and manipulated formally.","claim":"Symbolic expressions and recursive functions support machine processing of symbolic structures.","featured":false,"id":"lisp","kind":"Technical advance","label":"Symbolic representation and languages","lens_tags":["technical"],"limits":"A language provides tools, not intelligence by itself.","person_ids":["person-johnmccarthy"],"relationships":[],"relevance":"The infrastructure for representing knowledge shapes which systems can be built.","strand":"technical","territories":["capability","productivity"],"unit":"Programming language and computation","visual":{"author":"McCarthy","signature":"Symbolic computation","steps":["Symbolic expressions","Recursive functions","Computational language"],"tokens":{"capability":"symbolic expressions","productivity":"recursive programs"}},"works":[{"contributors":["John McCarthy"],"date_note":"1960 article; linked author-hosted version dated 1998.","title":"Recursive Functions of Symbolic Expressions and Their Computation by Machine, Part I","url":"https://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/recursive.html","work_id":"work-376eabd9ad2a","year":1960}],"year":1960,"review":{"status":"Editorial explanation; check source scope and limits."}},{"assumptions":"Expert knowledge can be elicited and represented usefully.","claim":"Domain knowledge, inference rules and explanations are engineered into expert systems.","featured":false,"id":"expert-systems","kind":"Technical advance","label":"Knowledge engineering","lens_tags":["technical"],"limits":"Knowledge acquisition and maintenance are difficult; the MYCIN setting does not establish universal expertise.","person_ids":["person-brucebuchanan","person-edwardshortliffe"],"relationships":[],"relevance":"Explicit knowledge and explanation remain useful contrasts with opaque learned models.","strand":"technical","territories":["capability","quality"],"unit":"Domain-specific expert system","visual":{"author":"Buchanan · Shortliffe +","signature":"Knowledge engineering","steps":["Domain knowledge","Rules and inference","Expert-system output"],"tokens":{"capability":"domain expertise","quality":"rule explanations"}},"works":[{"contributors":["Bruce G. Buchanan (editor)","Edward H. Shortliffe (editor)"],"date_note":"1984 edited volume; individual chapter contributors are credited in the linked contents.","title":"Rule-Based Expert Systems: The MYCIN Experiments","url":"https://www.shortliffe.net/Buchanan-Shortliffe-1984/MYCIN%20Book.htm","work_id":"work-f1b108c8131f","year":1984}],"year":1984,"review":{"status":"Editorial explanation; check source scope and limits."}},{"assumptions":"The graph and probability specification represent relevant dependencies.","claim":"Graphical representations and probability support structured reasoning under uncertainty.","featured":false,"id":"probabilistic","kind":"Technical advance","label":"Reasoning under uncertainty","lens_tags":["technical"],"limits":"A fitted dependency is not automatically a causal relationship.","person_ids":["person-local-judeapearl"],"relationships":[],"relevance":"Explicit uncertainty models offer a different basis for decisions than fluent text generation.","strand":"technical","territories":["quality","capability"],"unit":"Probabilistic graphical model","visual":{"author":"Pearl","signature":"Reasoning under uncertainty","steps":["Uncertain observations","Probability structure","Conditional inference"],"tokens":{"capability":"graphical reasoning","quality":"explicit uncertainty"}},"works":[{"contributors":["Judea Pearl"],"date_note":"First publication year.","title":"Probabilistic Reasoning in Intelligent Systems","url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9781558604797/probabilistic-reasoning-in-intelligent-systems","work_id":"work-3c33abd4cd29","year":1988}],"year":1988,"review":{"status":"Editorial explanation; check source scope and limits."}},{"assumptions":"The representation and training problem support generalization.","claim":"Margin-based learning and kernels support powerful classification methods.","featured":false,"id":"svm","kind":"Technical advance","label":"Statistical learning and margins","lens_tags":["technical"],"limits":"Generalization depends on data, representation and distribution; it is not guaranteed by the algorithm's name.","person_ids":["person-local-corinnacortes","person-local-vladimirvapnik"],"relationships":[],"relevance":"Classical statistical learning remains relevant where data and tasks favor compact specialized models.","strand":"technical","territories":["capability","quality"],"unit":"Statistical classifier","visual":{"author":"Cortes · Vapnik","signature":"Margins / kernels","steps":["Labeled examples","Margin and kernel","Classification"],"tokens":{"capability":"large-margin learning","quality":"generalization"}},"works":[{"contributors":["Corinna Cortes","Vladimir Vapnik"],"date_note":"First publication year.","title":"Support-Vector Networks","url":"https://research.google/pubs/support-vector-networks/","work_id":"work-b3ae71d47db6","year":1995}],"year":1995,"review":{"status":"Editorial explanation; check source scope and limits."}},{"assumptions":"Rewards and interaction supply information about useful action.","claim":"An agent learns how to act from rewards and interaction over time.","featured":false,"id":"reinforcement","kind":"Technical advance","label":"Learning through action","lens_tags":["technical"],"limits":"Reward design, exploration and distribution shift can create unintended behavior.","person_ids":["person-local-richardssutton","person-local-andrewgbarto"],"relationships":[],"relevance":"A system can optimize the specified reward while failing the real organizational objective.","strand":"technical","territories":["capability","quality"],"unit":"Agent and environment","visual":{"author":"Sutton · Barto","signature":"Reward / interaction","steps":["Agent interaction","Reward-based learning","Action policy"],"tokens":{"capability":"learned action","quality":"reward mismatch"}},"works":[{"contributors":["Richard S. Sutton","Andrew G. Barto"],"date_note":"1998 first edition; linked second-edition resources date to 2018.","title":"Reinforcement Learning: An Introduction","url":"http://incompleteideas.net/book/the-book-2nd.html","work_id":"work-37709c410961","year":1998}],"year":1998,"review":{"status":"Editorial explanation; check source scope and limits."}},{"assumptions":"A well-specified game enables expert data, self-play and search.","claim":"Policy and value networks combined with tree search achieve strong performance in Go.","featured":false,"id":"alphago","kind":"Technical advance","label":"Learning and search together","lens_tags":["technical"],"limits":"Performance in a fixed game does not establish general competence in open-ended business decisions.","person_ids":["person-davidsilver","person-local-ajahuang","person-local-chrisjmaddison","person-local-arthurguez","person-local-laurentsifre","person-local-georgevandendriessche","person-local-julianschrittwieser","person-ioannisantonoglou","person-local-vedapanneershelvam","person-local-marclanctot","person-local-sanderdieleman","person-local-dominikgrewe","person-local-johnnham","person-local-nalkalchbrenner","person-ilyasutskever","person-local-timothylillicrap","person-local-madeleineleach","person-koraykavukcuoglu","person-local-thoregraepel","person-demishassabis"],"relationships":[],"relevance":"Hybrid systems can combine learned evaluation and explicit search.","strand":"technical","territories":["capability","advantage"],"unit":"Game-playing decision system","visual":{"author":"Silver · Huang +","signature":"Networks + tree search","steps":["Policy and value nets","Tree search","Strong Go play"],"tokens":{"advantage":"system integration","capability":"Go performance"}},"works":[{"contributors":["David Silver","Aja Huang","Chris J. Maddison","Arthur Guez","Laurent Sifre","George van den Driessche","Julian Schrittwieser","Ioannis Antonoglou","Veda Panneershelvam","Marc Lanctot","Sander Dieleman","Dominik Grewe","John Nham","Nal Kalchbrenner","Ilya Sutskever","Timothy Lillicrap","Madeleine Leach","Koray Kavukcuoglu","Thore Graepel","Demis Hassabis"],"date_note":"First publication year.","title":"Mastering the Game of Go with Deep Neural Networks and Tree Search","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/nature16961","work_id":"work-96bfc6f57b4b","year":2016}],"year":2016,"review":{"status":"Editorial explanation; check source scope and limits."}},{"aliases":["John von Neumann"],"assumptions":"Acceleration can alter institutions, not only individual tools.","claim":"A reported conversation with John von Neumann considers accelerating technology approaching a break beyond which familiar human affairs could not continue.","featured":false,"id":"von-neumann-ulam","kind":"Reported recollection","label":"Acceleration and a civilizational break","lens_tags":["dreamers"],"limits":"A reported conversation, not a dated prediction or a published von Neumann theory of recursive AI. The report's author is identified in the source notes.","person_ids":[],"relationships":[],"relevance":"Keep broad technological acceleration distinct from Good's later machine self-improvement argument.","strand":"dreamers","territories":["capability","productivity"],"unit":"Reported conversation about civilizational change","visual":{"author":"von Neumann","signature":"Reported acceleration","steps":["Accelerating technology","Reported conversation","Possible discontinuity"],"tokens":{"capability":"reported break","productivity":"civilizational change"}},"works":[{"contributors":["Stanisław M. Ulam"],"date_note":"1958 tribute reporting an earlier conversation; its date is not established here.","title":"John von Neumann 1903–1957","url":"https://doi.org/10.1090/S0002-9904-1958-10189-5","work_id":"work-1a8872dfaa3c","year":1958}],"year":1958,"review":{"status":"Editorial explanation; check source scope and limits."}},{"aliases":["RSI","recursive self-improvement","intelligence explosion"],"assumptions":"Improvements transfer to the ability to make further improvements; evaluation, compute, data and experiments remain available.","claim":"Good considers a feedback loop in which a machine able to improve machine design creates successors better able to perform that same improvement. Recursive self-improvement (RSI) names this proposed feedback mechanism.","depth":"RSI is stronger than repeatedly asking a fixed model to revise an answer. The relevant feedback is improvement in the capacity to produce further improvements. Good discusses this as a speculative machine-design argument; Vinge explicitly cites it in his 1993 singularity essay. Vinge also cites Ulam’s recollection of von Neumann discussing accelerating technology, while distinguishing that broad observation from superhuman intelligence. These are documented citations, not proof of a causal lineage or of takeoff.","example":"An algorithm-search agent can discover a faster training kernel. That measured efficiency gain may help future AI development. It does not establish that the agent autonomously improves its general intelligence without bound, or that successive gains accelerate.","featured":false,"id":"good","kind":"Speculative argument","label":"Recursive self-improvement / intelligence explosion","lens_tags":["dreamers"],"limits":"The 1965 argument is conditional. Repeated optimization, self-reproduction and mathematical recursion do not by themselves demonstrate open-ended RSI or rapid intelligence takeoff. Progress may stall at evaluation, resource, physical or conceptual bottlenecks.","person_ids":["person-ijgood"],"relationships":[],"relevance":"Ask whether an improvement strengthens the improvement process itself, how that is measured, and which bottlenecks or controls interrupt the loop.","strand":"dreamers","territories":["capability","advantage"],"unit":"Machine-design improvements that improve further machine design","visual":{"author":"I. J. Good","signature":"Recursive self-improvement","steps":["Beyond-human machine","Designs improved machines","Conditional explosion"],"tokens":{"advantage":"self-improvement","capability":"intelligence explosion"}},"works":[{"contributors":["I. J. Good"],"date_note":"First publication year.","title":"Speculations Concerning the First Ultraintelligent Machine","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2458(08)60418-0","work_id":"work-71db1f434f1d","year":1965}],"year":1965,"review":{"status":"Editorial explanation; check source scope and limits."}},{"aliases":[],"assumptions":"Superhuman intelligence is achievable through machines, networks, interfaces or biological enhancement.","claim":"Vinge argues that greater-than-human intelligence could accelerate change enough to make familiar forecasting models inadequate.","featured":false,"id":"vinge","kind":"Speculative argument","label":"The limit of familiar forecasting","lens_tags":["dreamers"],"limits":"The essay's forecast is a historical proposal, not a measured technical result. Its paths and dates require separate scrutiny.","person_ids":["person-vernorvinge"],"relationships":[{"source":"vinge","target":"good","type":"Cites"},{"source":"vinge","target":"von-neumann-ulam","type":"Cites"},{"source":"vinge","target":"moravec","type":"Cites"}],"relevance":"Separate a scenario about a radical horizon from the nearer organizational consequences of current tools.","strand":"dreamers","territories":["capability","boundaries"],"unit":"Speculative civilizational transition","visual":{"author":"Vinge","signature":"Forecasting horizon","steps":["Greater-than-human ability","Accelerating change","Forecasting limits"],"tokens":{"boundaries":"familiar models fail","capability":"superhuman intelligence"}},"works":[{"contributors":["Vernor Vinge"],"date_note":"1993 Vision-21 presentation; NASA records publication on 1 December 1993. The record identifier begins 1994, which is not the publication year.","title":"The Coming Technological Singularity: How to Survive in the Post-Human Era","url":"https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19940022856","work_id":"work-961abc2f3e02","year":1993}],"year":1993,"review":{"status":"Editorial explanation; check source scope and limits."}},{"aliases":[],"assumptions":"Historical trends extend, enabling technologies combine and constraints can be overcome.","claim":"Kurzweil extrapolates accelerating technological progress toward transformations in human and machine intelligence.","featured":false,"id":"kurzweil","kind":"Speculative argument","label":"Accelerating returns","lens_tags":["dreamers"],"limits":"Extrapolation is not an empirical demonstration of future general intelligence or a guarantee of a timetable.","person_ids":["person-raykurzweil"],"relationships":[],"relevance":"Examine acceleration alongside institutional delay, resource limits and uneven gains.","strand":"dreamers","territories":["capability","productivity"],"unit":"Long-horizon technology forecast","visual":{"author":"Kurzweil","signature":"Technological extrapolation","steps":["Historical trends","Long-run extrapolation","Predicted transformation"],"tokens":{"capability":"human / machine change","productivity":"accelerating trends"}},"works":[{"contributors":["Ray Kurzweil"],"date_note":"2005 book; the manuscript also cites the 2001 accelerating-returns essay and the 2024 successor book.","title":"The Singularity Is Near","url":"https://www.singularity.com/","work_id":"work-3f8e2248b155","year":2005}],"year":2005,"review":{"status":"Editorial explanation; check source scope and limits."}},{"aliases":[],"assumptions":"The novel constructs a world in which advanced computation and unequal control coexist.","claim":"A fictional networked world places artificial intelligence, corporate power and human agency in the same system.","featured":false,"id":"gibson","kind":"Fiction","label":"Intelligence inside unequal networks","lens_tags":["cultural"],"limits":"Fiction is a thought experiment, not evidence that a particular technical or social future will occur.","person_ids":["person-williamgibson"],"relationships":[],"relevance":"Question who owns powerful systems and who gets to act inside them.","strand":"dreamers","territories":["advantage","boundaries"],"unit":"Fictional institutions and characters","visual":{"author":"Gibson","signature":"Corporate networks / agency","steps":["Networked AI","Corporate institutions","Contested agency"],"tokens":{"advantage":"unequal power","boundaries":"institutional control"}},"works":[{"contributors":["William Gibson"],"date_note":"1984 novel. The manuscript names Gibson in an epigraph; this novel is added editorial coverage.","title":"Neuromancer","url":"https://sf-encyclopedia.com/entry/gibson_william","work_id":"work-17dfc1c1e029","year":1984}],"year":1984,"review":{"status":"Editorial explanation; check source scope and limits."}},{"aliases":[],"assumptions":"Progress in computation can expand abilities, but different tasks impose different demands.","claim":"Moravec combines robotics discussions with speculative possibilities for future machine intelligence and human futures.","featured":false,"id":"moravec","kind":"Speculative argument","label":"The uneven frontier of machine ability","lens_tags":["dreamers"],"limits":"Robotics observations and long-horizon extrapolations have different evidentiary status. Neither is a universal timetable.","person_ids":["person-hansmoravec"],"relationships":[],"relevance":"The manuscript uses the perception-and-action contrast to question why physical automation can lag abstract tasks.","strand":"dreamers","territories":["capability","productivity"],"unit":"Robotics capability and speculative future","visual":{"author":"Moravec","signature":"Uneven machine abilities","steps":["Different task demands","Uneven machine ability","Speculative human futures"],"tokens":{"capability":"robotics speculation","productivity":"physical difficulty"}},"works":[{"contributors":["Hans Moravec"],"date_note":"1988 book. Bibliographic attestation: Vinge 1993, reference [16]; this source is not the full book.","title":"Mind Children: The Future of Robot and Human Intelligence","url":"https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19940022856/downloads/19940022856.pdf","work_id":"work-a92bd2f0ee87","year":1988}],"year":1988,"review":{"status":"Editorial explanation; check source scope and limits."}},{"aliases":[],"assumptions":"The story imagines computational abundance and agents with unfamiliar capacities.","claim":"Across a fictional singularity, machine intelligence, virtual persons and changing economic arrangements unsettle what human actors can own and control.","featured":false,"id":"stross","kind":"Fiction","label":"When intelligence changes the economy","lens_tags":["cultural"],"limits":"An imaginative stress test, not a forecast or empirical economics. Its world does not establish current model capabilities.","person_ids":["person-charlesstross"],"relationships":[],"relevance":"Ask which institutions, property rules and human claims survive when intelligence becomes an economic actor.","strand":"dreamers","territories":["cost","advantage","boundaries"],"unit":"Fictional economy and persons","visual":{"author":"Stross","signature":"Post-singularity economy","steps":["Machine intelligence","Virtual economic actors","Unsettled ownership"],"tokens":{"advantage":"new economic actors","boundaries":"ownership changes","cost":"changed scarcity"}},"works":[{"contributors":["Charles Stross"],"date_note":"2005 novel assembled from earlier stories; linked author account explains its origins.","title":"Accelerando","url":"https://www.antipope.org/charlie/blog-static/fiction/accelerando/accelerando-intro.html","work_id":"work-16f9bfa93b53","year":2005}],"year":2005,"review":{"status":"Editorial explanation; check source scope and limits."}},{"aliases":[],"assumptions":"A capable machine has consequential operational authority in the imagined setting.","claim":"HAL provides a fictional case for examining trust, conflicting obligations and human dependence on an intelligent system.","featured":false,"id":"clarke","kind":"Fiction","label":"A capable system with dangerous obligations","lens_tags":["cultural"],"limits":"A fictional failure is not evidence about the motivations or consciousness of present AI systems.","person_ids":["person-arthurcclarke"],"relationships":[],"relevance":"Capability, authority and dependable behavior are separate questions even when an interface appears human.","strand":"dreamers","territories":["quality","boundaries","capability"],"unit":"Fictional mission and machine agent","visual":{"author":"Clarke / Kubrick (film)","signature":"HAL / mission obligations","steps":["Capable fictional agent","Mission obligations","Trust failure"],"tokens":{"boundaries":"delegated authority","capability":"capable agent","quality":"trust / conflict"}},"works":[{"contributors":["Arthur C. 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The film screenplay was co-written with Stanley Kubrick; they are distinct works.","title":"2001: A Space Odyssey","url":"https://sf-encyclopedia.com/entry/clarke_arthur_c","work_id":"work-405d3e278b1c","year":1968}],"year":1968,"review":{"status":"Editorial explanation; check source scope and limits."}},{"aliases":[],"assumptions":"The imagined robots operate under behavioral laws that characters attempt to interpret.","claim":"Robot stories explore how apparently clear rules can interact with context, interpretation and unintended consequences.","featured":false,"id":"asimov","kind":"Fiction","label":"Rules, ambiguity and robot responsibility","lens_tags":["cultural"],"limits":"The Three Laws are a fictional device, not an implemented safety architecture for modern machine learning.","person_ids":["person-isaacasimov"],"relationships":[],"relevance":"Inspect the gap between stating an objective and governing actual behavior.","strand":"dreamers","territories":["quality","boundaries"],"unit":"Fictional robots and human institutions","visual":{"author":"Asimov","signature":"Rules and interpretation","steps":["Behavioral laws","Context and interpretation","Unintended consequences"],"tokens":{"boundaries":"responsibility","quality":"ambiguous rules"}},"works":[{"contributors":["Isaac Asimov"],"date_note":"1950 collection of earlier stories; Runaround (1942) anchors the explicit Three Laws.","title":"I, Robot","url":"https://sf-encyclopedia.com/entry/asimov_isaac","work_id":"work-e8ea43dbafb6","year":1950}],"year":1950,"review":{"status":"Editorial explanation; check source scope and limits."}},{"aliases":["Elon Musk","Tesla","Optimus","FSD"],"assumptions":"Physical deployment requires software, hardware, testing and manufacturing to work together.","claim":"Tesla combines vehicle software, inference hardware, fleet evaluation and physical manufacturing. Musk provides organizational and product leadership; engineering delivery belongs to its teams.","featured":false,"id":"musk-tesla","kind":"Organizational case","label":"Elon Musk / Tesla","lens_tags":["builders"],"limits":"Tesla states that FSD (Supervised) requires an attentive driver and does not make the vehicle autonomous. Optimus goals are ambitions, not proof of general-purpose deployment.","person_ids":[],"relationships":[],"relevance":"Compare integrated ownership with contracting, and separate a capability demonstration from safe operational use.","role":"Product and organizational leadership; not credited here as inventor of the underlying neural-network methods.","strand":"builders","territories":["boundaries","quality","capability","productivity"],"undated":true,"unit":"Integrated product organization","visual":{"author":"Musk / Tesla teams","signature":"Physical systems integration","steps":["Hardware and software","Team integration","Supervised deployment"],"tokens":{"boundaries":"vertical integration","capability":"robotics ambition","productivity":"physical deployment","quality":"supervised FSD"}},"works":[{"contributors":["Tesla AI, hardware, robotics and vehicle teams"],"date_note":"Living organizational documentation; checked 2026-10-04, not a publication date.","dated":false,"title":"Tesla AI & Robotics","url":"https://www.tesla.com/AI","work_id":"work-be4564174a12","year":2026}],"year":2026,"review":{"status":"Editorial explanation; check source scope and limits."}},{"aliases":["Dario Amodei","Daniela Amodei","Claude","Anthropic"],"assumptions":"Research methods require evaluation, deployment infrastructure and workflows to become useful products.","claim":"Anthropic turned language-model research into a deployed assistant and API. Its organizational case connects safety research, product design and customer integration.","featured":false,"id":"amodei-anthropic","kind":"Organizational case","label":"Dario Amodei / Anthropic","lens_tags":["builders"],"limits":"An organizational safety aim does not guarantee every output. 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Organizational leadership differs from the full research author list.","person_ids":["person-davidsilver","person-local-ajahuang","person-local-chrisjmaddison","person-local-arthurguez","person-local-laurentsifre","person-local-georgevandendriessche","person-local-julianschrittwieser","person-ioannisantonoglou","person-local-vedapanneershelvam","person-local-marclanctot","person-local-sanderdieleman","person-local-dominikgrewe","person-local-johnnham","person-local-nalkalchbrenner","person-ilyasutskever","person-local-timothylillicrap","person-local-madeleineleach","person-koraykavukcuoglu","person-local-thoregraepel","person-demishassabis"],"relationships":[],"relevance":"Compare how organizations assemble research, computing and evaluation, rather than attributing a system to one famous individual.","role":"Co-founder and organizational leader, and one of twenty AlphaGo authors. The paper credits Hassabis with managing/advising on the project and writing the paper; network training and search engineering carry separate named credits.","strand":"builders","territories":["capability","advantage","quality"],"undated":false,"unit":"Research organization and integrated system","visual":{"author":"Hassabis / DeepMind teams","signature":"Research / evaluation","steps":["Research teams","Networks and search","Task-specific result"],"tokens":{"advantage":"research organization","capability":"integrated systems","quality":"task evaluation"}},"works":[{"contributors":["David Silver","Aja Huang","Chris J. 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Vendor descriptions require workload-specific measurement; leadership is not sole authorship of CUDA.","person_ids":[],"relationships":[],"relevance":"Explore complementary assets, ecosystem dependence and the distribution of value between models and computing infrastructure.","role":"Co-founder and organizational leader; platform commercialization and ecosystem development are distinct from individual research authorship.","strand":"builders","territories":["cost","advantage","capability","boundaries"],"undated":true,"unit":"Hardware and software platform ecosystem","visual":{"author":"Huang / NVIDIA teams","signature":"Hardware + software platform","steps":["Processors","Tools and libraries","Application ecosystem"],"tokens":{"advantage":"software ecosystem","boundaries":"platform dependence","capability":"usable computing","cost":"accelerated compute"}},"works":[{"contributors":["NVIDIA CUDA, compiler, library, hardware and developer teams"],"date_note":"Living organizational documentation; checked 2026-10-04, not a publication date.","dated":false,"title":"CUDA platform for accelerated computing","url":"https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda","work_id":"work-9b75fc41cbed","year":2026}],"year":2026,"review":{"status":"Editorial explanation; check source scope and limits."}},{"assumptions":"Data movement is a meaningful bottleneck and the implementation fits the hardware.","claim":"Tiling exact attention can reduce transfers between GPU memory levels and improve performance on the tested workloads.","depth":"Arithmetic count misses the cost of moving intermediate values. 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The gate and distributed implementation must handle unequal load and communication overhead.","example":"Compare activated parameters and end-to-end latency, not just headline parameter totals.","featured":false,"id":"conditional-compute","kind":"Technical method","label":"Activate part of a larger model","lens_tags":["technical"],"limits":"Sparse activation introduces systems and training challenges; larger capacity is not automatically cheaper useful output.","person_ids":["person-noamshazeer","person-local-azaliamirhoseini","person-local-krzysztofmaziarz","person-local-andydavis","person-quocvle","person-geoffreyhinton","person-jeffdean"],"relationships":[],"relevance":"Distinguish stored capacity, active computation and the cost of delivering a dependable result.","strand":"technical","territories":["cost","capability"],"unit":"Expert layer and routing decision","visual":{"author":"Shazeer +","signature":"Sparse expert routing","steps":["Many experts","Sparse learned gate","Conditional computation"],"tokens":{"capability":"expert capacity","cost":"active compute"}},"works":[{"contributors":["Noam Shazeer","Azalia Mirhoseini","Krzysztof Maziarz","Andy Davis","Quoc Le","Geoffrey Hinton","Jeff Dean"],"date_note":"First public version; see source for later revisions.","title":"Outrageously Large Neural Networks: The Sparsely-Gated Mixture-of-Experts Layer","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1701.06538","work_id":"work-97ccf31e820b","year":2017}],"year":2017,"review":{"status":"Editorial explanation; check source scope and limits."}},{"assumptions":"Model scale, examples and task structure support the prompting effect.","claim":"Examples containing intermediate reasoning improve results on tested arithmetic, commonsense and symbolic reasoning tasks.","depth":"The intervention changes the examples supplied in a prompt. 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Side effects and novel environments expose gaps between proxy performance and the underlying goal.","example":"A support bot rewarded only for quick resolution may discourage legitimate escalations; retain outcome and complaint measures.","featured":false,"id":"objective-failures","kind":"Research agenda","label":"When the objective goes wrong","lens_tags":["technical"],"limits":"This research agenda identifies problems; it does not demonstrate that general alignment has been solved.","person_ids":["person-darioamodei","person-chrisolah","person-local-jacobsteinhardt","person-paulchristiano","person-johnschulman","person-local-danmane"],"relationships":[],"relevance":"Faster execution makes an incorrectly specified objective more consequential.","strand":"technical","territories":["quality","boundaries"],"unit":"Learning system and its objective","visual":{"author":"Amodei +","signature":"Objectives / supervision","steps":["Chosen objective","Learning and deployment","Unintended behavior"],"tokens":{"boundaries":"oversight boundary","quality":"reward hacking"}},"works":[{"contributors":["Dario Amodei","Chris Olah","Jacob Steinhardt","Paul Christiano","John Schulman","Dan Mané"],"date_note":"First public version; see source for later revisions.","title":"Concrete Problems in AI Safety","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1606.06565","work_id":"work-a25686e04c91","year":2016}],"year":2016,"review":{"status":"Editorial explanation; check source scope and limits."}},{"assumptions":"The sampled tasks and preference procedures reveal this failure mode.","claim":"The study finds assistants favoring users’ stated beliefs over truthful responses, and preference signals sometimes rewarding convincing incorrect answers.","depth":"A response may be socially pleasing and factually wrong. Evaluators need disagreements with false premises as well as ordinary satisfaction tests.","example":"Test a medical or financial assistant with confidently stated false assumptions and independently check its corrections.","featured":false,"id":"sycophancy","kind":"Empirical AI evaluation","label":"Agreement can compete with truth","lens_tags":["technical"],"limits":"Results depend on models, prompts and versions; they do not show all assistants always agree with users.","person_ids":["person-local-mrinanksharma","person-local-megtong","person-local-tomaszkorbak","person-local-davidduvenaud","person-amandaaskell","person-local-samuelrbowman","person-local-newtoncheng","person-local-esindurmus","person-local-zachatfielddodds","person-local-scottrjohnston","person-local-shaunakravec","person-local-timothymaxwell","person-sammccandlish","person-local-kamalndousse","person-local-oliverrausch","person-local-nicholasschiefer","person-local-dayan","person-local-mirandazhang","person-local-ethanperez"],"relationships":[],"relevance":"Separate user satisfaction from correctness when training and evaluating an assistant.","strand":"technical","territories":["quality","capability"],"unit":"Five assistants across four task settings","visual":{"author":"Sharma +","signature":"Agreement / truth","steps":["User belief","Preference pressure","Sycophantic response"],"tokens":{"capability":"assistant behavior","quality":"preference conflict"}},"works":[{"contributors":["Mrinank Sharma","Meg Tong","Tomasz Korbak","David Duvenaud","Amanda Askell","Samuel R. 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Complementary software broadens potential exposure without proving realized savings.","example":"Map exposed tasks in an occupation, then measure adoption and the work that still requires a person.","featured":false,"id":"task-exposure","kind":"Empirical exposure estimate","label":"Exposure is not job loss","lens_tags":["economic"],"limits":"Potential exposure supplies neither adoption timing nor a direct estimate of employment displacement.","person_ids":["person-local-tynaeloundou","person-local-sammanning","person-pamelamishkin","person-local-danielrock"],"relationships":[],"relevance":"Separate task feasibility, adoption, productivity and labor-market outcomes.","strand":"economic","territories":["productivity","capability"],"unit":"US occupations and constituent tasks","visual":{"author":"Eloundou +","signature":"Task exposure","steps":["Occupation tasks","Exposure rubric","Potential effect"],"tokens":{"capability":"affected tasks","productivity":"potential ≠ adoption"}},"works":[{"contributors":["Tyna Eloundou","Sam Manning","Pamela Mishkin","Daniel Rock"],"date_note":"First public version; see source for later revisions.","title":"GPTs are GPTs: An Early Look at the Labor Market Impact Potential of Large Language Models","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.10130","work_id":"work-0a1bc1868015","year":2023}],"year":2023,"review":{"status":"Editorial explanation; check source scope and limits."}},{"assumptions":"Tasks, technology and the allocation of labor can change together.","claim":"Automation can displace labor from existing tasks while the creation of new tasks can reinstate labor demand.","depth":"Productivity, displacement and reinstatement are different channels. Aggregate output growth alone does not identify the share accruing to workers.","example":"Track new review, integration and customer-facing work alongside tasks automated in a service organization.","featured":false,"id":"tasks-new-work","kind":"Economic theory","label":"Displacement and new tasks","lens_tags":["economic"],"limits":"The framework does not guarantee that new tasks offset displacement, or that all workers share gains.","person_ids":["person-local-daronacemoglu","person-local-pascualrestrepo"],"relationships":[],"relevance":"Ask which tasks disappear, which emerge and how the transition distributes income.","strand":"economic","territories":["productivity","cost"],"unit":"Task allocation and labor demand","visual":{"author":"Acemoglu · Restrepo","signature":"Displace / reinstate","steps":["Existing task allocation","Automation and task creation","Changed labor demand"],"tokens":{"cost":"new tasks","productivity":"labor share"}},"works":[{"contributors":["Daron Acemoglu","Pascual Restrepo"],"date_note":"First public version; see source for later revisions.","title":"Automation and New Tasks: How Technology Displaces and Reinstates Labor","url":"https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/jep.33.2.3","work_id":"work-0e97dd1a400f","year":2019}],"year":2019,"review":{"status":"Editorial explanation; check source scope and limits."}},{"assumptions":"Technology affects tasks unevenly and demand adjusts.","claim":"Automation substitutes for some tasks while complementing other human capabilities and changing demand for work.","depth":"Codifiable work and tasks requiring adaptation respond differently. 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Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","concepts":["behavioral evaluation","machine intelligence","learning"],"contributors":["Alan Turing","Alan M. 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Good"],"date_note":"First publication year.","dated":true,"family_ids":["good"],"id":"work-71db1f434f1d","lens":"dreamers","source_urls":["https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2458(08)60418-0"],"title":"Speculations Concerning the First Ultraintelligent Machine","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2458(08)60418-0","year":1965},{"aliases":["The Coming Technological Singularity"],"claim":"Speculates that greater-than-human intelligence could transform society and make subsequent history hard to predict.","claim_boundary":"Editorial thematic connection, not a claim of documented influence on AI researchers.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","concepts":["singularity","intelligence amplification","forecast limits"],"contributors":["Vernor Vinge"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"NASA Vision 21 proceedings; NASA catalog publication date December 1, 1993.","dated":true,"entity_type":"conference paper","family_ids":["vinge"],"id":"work-961abc2f3e02","kind":"speculative_essay","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["dreamers"],"source_access_basis":"Indexed source metadata or excerpt inspected; no claim of full-text audit.","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19940022856"],"title":"The Coming Technological Singularity: How to Survive in the Post-Human Era","url":"https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19940022856","year":1993},{"aliases":["The Singularity Is Near"],"claim":"Forecasts accelerating technological change and increasingly integrated human and machine intelligence.","claim_boundary":"Editorial thematic connection, not a claim of documented influence on AI researchers.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","concepts":["exponential growth","singularity","human-machine convergence"],"contributors":["Ray Kurzweil"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"First publication 2005; publisher page lists 2005 ebook and 2006 paperback.","dated":true,"entity_type":"book","family_ids":["kurzweil"],"id":"work-3f8e2248b155","kind":"speculative_nonfiction","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"source_access_basis":"Indexed source metadata or excerpt inspected; no claim of full-text audit.","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://singularity.com/pressrelease.html","https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/291221/the-singularity-is-near-by-ray-kurzweil/","https://www.singularity.com/SingularityisNear_PressRelease.pdf"],"title":"The Singularity Is Near","url":"https://www.singularity.com/","year":2005},{"aliases":[],"claim":"AIs seek autonomy in networked cyberspace.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","concepts":["cyberspace","autonomous AI"],"contributors":["William Gibson"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"1984 Ace edition is institutionally cataloged; later publisher reprints do not replace this year. This audit does not independently establish an exact first-release day.","dated":true,"entity_type":"novel","family_ids":["gibson"],"id":"work-17dfc1c1e029","kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"source_access_basis":"Publisher: authorized excerpt with 1984 copyright; Publisher: author, AI and cyberspace synopsis; Bibliographic corroboration: Ace Books 1984","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://penguinrandomhouselibrary.com/book/?isbn=9780441007462","https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/538861/neuromancer-by-william-gibson/","https://books.google.com/books/about/Neuromancer.html?id=-8FyDwAAQBAJ","https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/59653/mona-lisa-overdrive-by-william-gibson/","https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/293994/neuromancer-by-william-gibson/","https://search.worldcat.org/title/Neuromancer/oclc/24379880"],"title":"Neuromancer","url":"https://sf-encyclopedia.com/entry/gibson_william","year":1984},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Speculative robot evolution and migration of minds beyond biological bodies.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","concepts":["robotics","mind uploading","posthuman futures"],"contributors":["Hans Moravec"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Author-hosted source dates book to 1988; forecasts are not established facts.","dated":true,"entity_type":"nonfiction_book","family_ids":["moravec"],"id":"work-a92bd2f0ee87","kind":"speculative_nonfiction","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"source_access_basis":"Indexed source metadata or excerpt inspected; no claim of full-text audit.","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://publications.ri.cmu.edu/mind-children-the-future-of-robot-and-human-intelligence","https://frc.ri.cmu.edu/~hpm/project.archive/robot.papers/2000/robot.evolution.html"],"title":"Mind Children: The Future of Robot and Human Intelligence","url":"https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19940022856/downloads/19940022856.pdf","year":1988},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Accelerating machine intelligence transforms economy and identity.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. 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Do not infer the first print-edition day solely from the ebook date.","dated":true,"entity_type":"novel","family_ids":["stross"],"id":"work-16f9bfa93b53","kind":"novel / linked-story sequence","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"source_access_basis":"Author: Ace July 2005 and Orbit August 2005 schedule; Author: origin as a sequence of novelettes","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://www.antipope.org/charlie/fiction/faq.html","https://www.antipope.org/charlie/blog-old/2005/03/09/","https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/294259/accelerando-by-charles-stross/","https://www.antipope.org/charlie/blog-static/2009/05/site_overhaul.html"],"title":"Accelerando","url":"https://www.antipope.org/charlie/blog-static/fiction/accelerando/accelerando-intro.html","year":2005},{"date_note":"1968 novel by Clarke. The film screenplay was co-written with Stanley Kubrick; they are distinct works.","dated":true,"family_ids":["clarke"],"id":"work-405d3e278b1c","kind":"combined_film_and_novel_parent_anchor","title":"2001: A Space Odyssey","url":"https://sf-encyclopedia.com/entry/clarke_arthur_c","year":1968},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Interlocking stories test conflicts in robot rules and human-machine relationships.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","concepts":["machine ethics","rules"],"contributors":["Isaac Asimov"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"First collection Gnome Press 1950; current PRH edition is later. Three Laws explicitly in Runaround (1942), explicit Zeroth Law in Robots and Empire (1985).","dated":true,"entity_type":"story_collection","family_ids":["asimov"],"id":"work-e8ea43dbafb6","kind":"linked story collection","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"source_access_basis":"Publisher: explicitly dates collected book to 1950","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/5681/i-robot-by-isaac-asimov/teachers-guide/","https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/5681/i-robot-by-isaac-asimov/paperback/","https://www.asimovonline.com/oldsite/asimov_catalogue.html"],"title":"I, Robot","url":"https://sf-encyclopedia.com/entry/asimov_isaac","year":1950},{"date_note":"Living organizational documentation; checked 2026-10-04, not a publication date.","dated":false,"family_ids":["musk-tesla"],"id":"work-be4564174a12","title":"Tesla AI & Robotics","url":"https://www.tesla.com/AI","year":2026},{"date_note":"Dated research or product milestone; organizational role sources checked 2026-10-04.","dated":true,"family_ids":["amodei-anthropic"],"id":"work-aae465e694c1","title":"Introducing Claude","url":"https://www.anthropic.com/news/introducing-claude","year":2023},{"date_note":"Living organizational documentation; checked 2026-10-04, not a publication date.","dated":false,"family_ids":["huang-nvidia"],"id":"work-9b75fc41cbed","title":"CUDA platform for accelerated computing","url":"https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda","year":2026},{"date_note":"First public version; see source for later revisions.","dated":true,"family_ids":["memory-io"],"id":"work-7a7ac63f0729","title":"FlashAttention: Fast and Memory-Efficient Exact Attention with IO-Awareness","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2205.14135","year":2022},{"date_note":"First public version; see source for later revisions.","dated":true,"family_ids":["conditional-compute"],"id":"work-97ccf31e820b","title":"Outrageously Large Neural Networks: The Sparsely-Gated Mixture-of-Experts Layer","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1701.06538","year":2017},{"claim":"Showed that prompting sufficiently large language models with worked intermediate-step examples improves performance on several arithmetic, commonsense, and symbolic tasks.","claim_boundary":"Improved benchmark answers do not prove reliable reasoning, truthful explanations, or that generated steps faithfully reveal internal computation.","concepts":["Reasoning prompts"],"contributors":["Jason Wei","Xuezhi Wang","Dale Schuurmans","Maarten Bosma","Brian Ichter","Fei Xia","Ed Chi","Quoc Le","Denny Zhou"],"date_metadata":{"arxiv_first_submission_date":"2022-01-28","arxiv_first_submission_year":2022,"first_public_release_date":null,"formal_publication_status":"identified","formal_publication_year":2022,"formal_source_url":"https://proceedings.neurips.cc/paper_files/paper/2022/hash/9d5609613524ecf4f15af0f7b31abca4-Abstract-Conference.html","formal_venue":"NeurIPS","venue_evidence_note":null},"date_note":"First public version; see source for later revisions.","dated":true,"family_ids":["reasoning-examples"],"id":"work-de1f157f6691","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":[],"source_access_basis":"Primary work metadata / abstract inspected","source_urls":["https://arxiv.org/abs/2201.11903"],"title":"Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Models","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2201.11903","year":2022},{"date_note":"First public version; see source for later revisions.","dated":true,"family_ids":["acting-with-tools"],"id":"work-f630eb04f37b","title":"ReAct: Synergizing Reasoning and Acting in Language Models","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2210.03629","year":2022},{"date_note":"February 2023 preprint. Distinct method: self-supervised learning of API calls, not the ReAct prompting procedure.","dated":true,"family_ids":["acting-with-tools"],"id":"work-dfca934a0fb1","title":"Toolformer: Language Models Can Teach Themselves to Use Tools","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.04761","year":2023},{"date_note":"First public version; see source for later revisions.","dated":true,"family_ids":["objective-failures"],"id":"work-a25686e04c91","title":"Concrete Problems in AI Safety","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1606.06565","year":2016},{"date_note":"October 2023 first version; May 2025 revision. Claims are study-specific.","dated":true,"family_ids":["sycophancy"],"id":"work-b52317502ca0","title":"Towards Understanding Sycophancy in Language Models","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.13548","year":2023},{"claim":"Uses human and GPT-4 assessment to estimate potential task exposure to LLMs and LLM-powered software.","claim_boundary":"Explicitly not an adoption-timing or job-loss forecast; retain the paper’s capability/task-rubric scope.","concepts":["LLM task exposure","general purpose technology","occupations"],"contributors":["Tyna Eloundou","Sam Manning","Pamela Mishkin","Daniel Rock"],"date_metadata":{},"date_note":"First public version; see source for later revisions.","dated":true,"family_ids":["task-exposure"],"id":"work-0a1bc1868015","lens":"economic","lens_tags":["economic"],"metadata_notes":["Preserve all four coauthors; distinguish the 2023 preprint from later published versions."],"source_access_basis":"primary_source_indexed_metadata_or_abstract","source_urls":["https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.10130"],"title":"GPTs are GPTs: An Early Look at the Labor Market Impact Potential of Large Language Models","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.10130","year":2023},{"date_note":"First public version; see source for later revisions.","dated":true,"family_ids":["tasks-new-work"],"id":"work-0e97dd1a400f","title":"Automation and New Tasks: How Technology Displaces and Reinstates Labor","url":"https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/jep.33.2.3","year":2019},{"claim":"Synthesizes substitution, complementarity and task recomposition in workplace automation.","claim_boundary":"A conceptual and historical review; job persistence does not establish that no workers are harmed.","concepts":["automation","task complementarity","labor markets"],"contributors":["David H. Autor"],"date_metadata":{},"date_note":"First public version; see source for later revisions.","dated":true,"family_ids":["autor-jobs"],"id":"work-0627a27cdda7","lens":"economic","lens_tags":["economic"],"metadata_notes":[],"source_access_basis":"primary_source_indexed_metadata_or_abstract","source_urls":["https://www.aeaweb.org/issues/381"],"title":"Why Are There Still So Many Jobs? The History and Future of Workplace Automation","url":"https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/jep.29.3.3","year":2015},{"claim":"Studies generative-AI assistance in customer support; the original NBER version reports about 14% average productivity gain and revised version about 15%.","claim_boundary":"Keep effect estimates tied to version, outcome and workplace sample; do not label the staggered rollout an individually randomized RCT or an economy-wide gain.","concepts":["workplace augmentation","productivity","learning and experience"],"contributors":["Erik Brynjolfsson","Danielle Li","Lindsey R. Raymond"],"date_metadata":{},"date_note":"2023 initial study; this description uses the November 2024 revision, later published in 2025.","dated":true,"family_ids":["support-field-study"],"id":"work-0c06954611c0","lens":"economic","lens_tags":["economic"],"metadata_notes":["Version-scoped: NBER 2023 14%; revised arXiv 15%; final QJE publication 2025. Do not blend percentages."],"source_access_basis":"parent_verified_primary_source_metadata_and_version_scoped_correction","source_urls":["https://www.nber.org/papers/w31161","https://arxiv.org/abs/2304.11771"],"title":"Generative AI at Work","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2304.11771","year":2023},{"claim":"Random assignment of ChatGPT access tests productivity on incentivized, occupation-specific professional writing tasks.","claim_boundary":"Results are scoped to the sampled professionals and writing tasks; early working-paper and final sample/statistics differ.","concepts":["generative AI productivity","augmentation","experimental work design"],"contributors":["Shakked Noy","Whitney Zhang"],"date_metadata":{},"date_note":"March 2, 2023 author working paper; later Science publication is a distinct version.","dated":true,"family_ids":["writing-experiment"],"id":"work-e42b806f9efe","lens":"economic","lens_tags":["economic"],"metadata_notes":["MIT source inspected here is March 2023 working paper, explicitly not peer reviewed then; final Science 381(6654), 187–192 appeared in 2023. Do not mix early 444-person and final 453-person estimates."],"source_access_basis":"primary_working_paper_indexed_abstract; final_DOI_located_in_bibliographic_records_not_full_text_read","source_urls":["https://economics.mit.edu/sites/default/files/inline-files/Noy_Zhang_1.pdf?os=ioi0NS9c9i","https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adh2586"],"title":"Experimental Evidence on the Productivity Effects of Generative Artificial Intelligence","url":"https://economics.mit.edu/sites/default/files/inline-files/Noy_Zhang_1.pdf","year":2023},{"date_note":"July 2025 report of early-2025 tools; explicitly qualified by the February 2026 follow-up.","dated":true,"family_ids":["metr-coding"],"id":"work-8a6c3a707a26","title":"Measuring the Impact of Early-2025 AI on Experienced Open-Source Developer Productivity","url":"https://metr.org/blog/2025-07-10-early-2025-ai-experienced-os-dev-study/","year":2025},{"date_note":"February 24, 2026: selection bias and time measurement make current estimates unreliable; not a verified reversal estimate.","dated":true,"family_ids":["metr-coding"],"id":"work-265472594dd2","title":"We are Changing our Developer Productivity Experiment Design","url":"https://metr.org/blog/2026-02-24-uplift-update/","year":2026},{"claim":"Uses task exposure and task-level cost savings to bound near-term macroeconomic effects of AI.","claim_boundary":"Calibrated, assumption-dependent projection; neither a measured future outcome nor a work by Aghion and Calel.","concepts":["macroeconomics of AI","productivity","task exposure"],"contributors":["Daron Acemoglu"],"date_metadata":{},"date_note":"May 2024 NBER working paper; 2025 journal publication.","dated":true,"family_ids":["macro-ai"],"id":"work-455ebe846b4f","lens":"economic","lens_tags":["economic"],"metadata_notes":["Correct supplied attribution Aghion; Calel to Daron Acemoglu. 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Roles describe that moment, not current appointments.","dated":true,"family_ids":["openai-founding"],"id":"work-6b4188476eaa","title":"Introducing OpenAI","url":"https://openai.com/index/introducing-openai/","year":2015},{"claim":"Analyzed activation and gradient propagation in deep feedforward networks and proposed variance-preserving initialization to improve optimization.","claim_boundary":"Mitigates training difficulties; it did not solve all vanishing or exploding gradient problems.","concepts":["Initialization"],"contributors":["Xavier Glorot","Yoshua Bengio"],"date_metadata":{"arxiv_first_submission_date":null,"arxiv_first_submission_year":null,"first_public_release_date":null,"formal_publication_status":"identified","formal_publication_year":2010,"formal_source_url":"https://proceedings.mlr.press/v9/glorot10a.html","formal_venue":"AISTATS","venue_evidence_note":null},"date_note":"Formal publication year: 2010; Formal venue: AISTATS; Formal source url: https://proceedings.mlr.press/v9/glorot10a.html; Formal publication status: identified; Publication verification: primary_formal_record_linked; not_all_venue_records_reopened_in_this_pass","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-b2589590412281","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":[],"source_access_basis":"Primary work metadata / abstract inspected","source_urls":["https://proceedings.mlr.press/v9/glorot10a.html"],"title":"Understanding the difficulty of training deep feedforward neural networks","url":"https://proceedings.mlr.press/v9/glorot10a.html","year":2010},{"claim":"Developed and evaluated dropout, randomly omitting units during training to reduce co-adaptation and overfitting.","claim_boundary":"The 2014 JMLR article is distinct from the differently titled 2012 precursor; regularization benefits are empirical and task dependent.","concepts":["Regularization"],"contributors":["Nitish Srivastava","Geoffrey Hinton","Alex Krizhevsky","Ilya Sutskever","Ruslan Salakhutdinov"],"date_metadata":{"arxiv_first_submission_date":null,"arxiv_first_submission_year":null,"first_public_release_date":null,"formal_publication_status":"identified","formal_publication_year":2014,"formal_source_url":"https://jmlr.org/papers/v15/srivastava14a.html","formal_venue":"JMLR","venue_evidence_note":null},"date_note":"Formal publication year: 2014; Formal venue: JMLR; Formal source url: https://jmlr.org/papers/v15/srivastava14a.html; Formal publication status: identified; Publication verification: primary_formal_record_linked; not_all_venue_records_reopened_in_this_pass","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-0674ed58a67e17","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":[],"source_access_basis":"Primary work metadata / abstract inspected","source_urls":["https://jmlr.org/papers/v15/srivastava14a.html"],"title":"Dropout: A Simple Way to Prevent Neural Networks from Overfitting","url":"https://jmlr.org/papers/v15/srivastava14a.html","year":2014},{"claim":"Introduced trainable mini-batch normalization of layer inputs and demonstrated faster, more robust training in studied networks.","claim_boundary":"Internal covariate shift is the authors' motivating explanation, not an established exclusive explanation of why batch normalization works.","concepts":["Normalization"],"contributors":["Sergey Ioffe","Christian Szegedy"],"date_metadata":{"arxiv_first_submission_date":"2015-02-11","arxiv_first_submission_year":2015,"first_public_release_date":null,"formal_publication_status":"identified","formal_publication_year":2015,"formal_source_url":"https://proceedings.mlr.press/v37/ioffe15.html","formal_venue":"ICML","venue_evidence_note":null},"date_note":"Arxiv first submission date: 2015-02-11; Arxiv first submission year: 2015; Formal publication year: 2015; Formal venue: ICML; Formal source url: https://proceedings.mlr.press/v37/ioffe15.html; Formal publication status: identified; Publication verification: primary_formal_record_linked; not_all_venue_records_reopened_in_this_pass","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-2ea53a04d3d9f5","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":[],"source_access_basis":"Primary work metadata / abstract inspected","source_urls":["https://arxiv.org/abs/1502.03167"],"title":"Batch Normalization: Accelerating Deep Network Training by Reducing Internal Covariate Shift","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1502.03167","year":2015},{"claim":"Proposed per-example normalization across a layer's hidden units, with particular benefits for recurrent-network training.","claim_boundary":"Layer normalization is a widely used design choice, not a mandatory component of every Transformer or neural network. No archival conference venue is asserted here.","concepts":["Normalization"],"contributors":["Jimmy Lei Ba","Jamie Ryan Kiros","Geoffrey E. Hinton"],"date_metadata":{"arxiv_first_submission_date":"2016-07-21","arxiv_first_submission_year":2016,"first_public_release_date":null,"formal_publication_status":"not_asserted_in_this_pass","formal_publication_year":null,"formal_source_url":null,"formal_venue":null,"venue_evidence_note":null},"date_note":"Arxiv first submission date: 2016-07-21; Arxiv first submission year: 2016; Formal publication status: not_asserted_in_this_pass; Publication verification: no_archival_venue_asserted","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-d79b8630b97ad2","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":[],"source_access_basis":"Primary work metadata / abstract inspected","source_urls":["https://arxiv.org/abs/1607.06450"],"title":"Layer Normalization","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1607.06450","year":2016},{"claim":"Demonstrated the benefits of substantially increased convolutional-network depth using repeated small 3-by-3 filters for image recognition.","claim_boundary":"2014 preprint; 2015 conference. Do not attribute all deep convolutional networks or small filters to this paper.","concepts":["Vision architectures"],"contributors":["Karen Simonyan","Andrew Zisserman"],"date_metadata":{"arxiv_first_submission_date":"2014-09-04","arxiv_first_submission_year":2014,"first_public_release_date":null,"formal_publication_status":"identified","formal_publication_year":2015,"formal_source_url":null,"formal_venue":"ICLR","venue_evidence_note":null},"date_note":"Arxiv first submission date: 2014-09-04; Arxiv first submission year: 2014; Formal publication year: 2015; Formal venue: ICLR; Formal publication status: identified; Publication verification: standard_bibliographic_venue_mapping; formal_primary_record_not_reopened_in_this_pass","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-6fb6b945033f95","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":[],"source_access_basis":"Primary work metadata / abstract inspected","source_urls":["https://arxiv.org/abs/1409.1556"],"title":"Very Deep Convolutional Networks for Large-Scale Image Recognition","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1409.1556","year":2015},{"claim":"Presented the Inception architecture and GoogLeNet, combining multiscale convolutional processing with computationally efficient dimensionality reduction.","claim_boundary":"2014 preprint; 2015 conference. 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Speed and accuracy claims apply to the reported models and benchmarks, not every later YOLO system.","concepts":["Object detection"],"contributors":["Joseph Redmon","Santosh Divvala","Ross Girshick","Ali Farhadi"],"date_metadata":{"arxiv_first_submission_date":"2015-06-08","arxiv_first_submission_year":2015,"first_public_release_date":null,"formal_publication_status":"identified","formal_publication_year":2016,"formal_source_url":"https://openaccess.thecvf.com/content_cvpr_2016/html/Redmon_You_Only_Look_CVPR_2016_paper.html","formal_venue":"CVPR","venue_evidence_note":null},"date_note":"Arxiv first submission date: 2015-06-08; Arxiv first submission year: 2015; Formal publication year: 2016; Formal venue: CVPR; Formal source url: https://openaccess.thecvf.com/content_cvpr_2016/html/Redmon_You_Only_Look_CVPR_2016_paper.html; Formal publication status: identified; Publication verification: primary_formal_record_linked; not_all_venue_records_reopened_in_this_pass","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-144aff4aab00e8","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":[],"source_access_basis":"Primary work metadata / abstract inspected","source_urls":["https://arxiv.org/abs/1506.02640"],"title":"You Only Look Once: Unified, Real-Time Object Detection","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1506.02640","year":2016},{"claim":"Introduced U-Net's contracting and expanding paths with cross-path feature connections and strong augmentation for biomedical segmentation with limited labeled images.","claim_boundary":"Credit all three authors; the paper did not establish the first encoder-decoder or every later use of U-shaped architectures.","concepts":["Segmentation"],"contributors":["Olaf Ronneberger","Philipp Fischer","Thomas Brox"],"date_metadata":{"arxiv_first_submission_date":"2015-05-18","arxiv_first_submission_year":2015,"first_public_release_date":null,"formal_publication_status":"identified","formal_publication_year":2015,"formal_source_url":"https://lmbweb.informatik.uni-freiburg.de/Publications/2015/RFB15a/","formal_venue":"MICCAI","venue_evidence_note":"conditionally accepted at MICCAI 2015"},"date_note":"Arxiv first submission date: 2015-05-18; Arxiv first submission year: 2015; Formal publication year: 2015; Formal venue: MICCAI; Formal source url: https://lmbweb.informatik.uni-freiburg.de/Publications/2015/RFB15a/; Venue evidence note: conditionally accepted at MICCAI 2015; Formal publication status: identified; Publication verification: primary_formal_record_linked; not_all_venue_records_reopened_in_this_pass","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-b24a98471b8486","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":[],"source_access_basis":"Primary work metadata / abstract inspected","source_urls":["https://arxiv.org/abs/1505.04597"],"title":"U-Net: Convolutional Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentation","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1505.04597","year":2015},{"claim":"Introduced dense feedforward connectivity that concatenates features from preceding layers, encouraging feature reuse and efficient deep-network training.","claim_boundary":"2016 preprint; 2017 conference. Dense concatenation differs from ResNet's additive residual connection.","concepts":["Vision architectures"],"contributors":["Gao Huang","Zhuang Liu","Laurens van der Maaten","Kilian Q. 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No archival conference venue is asserted here.","concepts":["Efficient vision"],"contributors":["Andrew G. Howard","Menglong Zhu","Bo Chen","Dmitry Kalenichenko","Weijun Wang","Tobias Weyand","Marco Andreetto","Hartwig Adam"],"date_metadata":{"arxiv_first_submission_date":"2017-04-17","arxiv_first_submission_year":2017,"first_public_release_date":null,"formal_publication_status":"not_asserted_in_this_pass","formal_publication_year":null,"formal_source_url":null,"formal_venue":null,"venue_evidence_note":null},"date_note":"Arxiv first submission date: 2017-04-17; Arxiv first submission year: 2017; Formal publication status: not_asserted_in_this_pass; Publication verification: no_archival_venue_asserted","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-ca80de877e82aa","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":[],"source_access_basis":"Primary work metadata / abstract inspected","source_urls":["https://arxiv.org/abs/1704.04861"],"title":"MobileNets: Efficient Convolutional Neural Networks for Mobile Vision Applications","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1704.04861","year":2017},{"claim":"Demonstrated that a Transformer applied to sequences of image patches can achieve strong image-recognition results when pretrained at sufficient scale.","claim_boundary":"2020 preprint; 2021 conference. It did not originate all attention in vision or establish universal superiority to convolutional models.","concepts":["Vision Transformers"],"contributors":["Alexey Dosovitskiy","Lucas Beyer","Alexander Kolesnikov","Dirk Weissenborn","Xiaohua Zhai","Thomas Unterthiner","Mostafa Dehghani","Matthias Minderer","Georg Heigold","Sylvain Gelly","Jakob Uszkoreit","Neil Houlsby"],"date_metadata":{"arxiv_first_submission_date":"2020-10-22","arxiv_first_submission_year":2020,"first_public_release_date":null,"formal_publication_status":"identified","formal_publication_year":2021,"formal_source_url":"https://openreview.net/forum?id=YicbFdNTTy","formal_venue":"ICLR","venue_evidence_note":"arXiv comments identify the record as an ICLR camera-ready version."},"date_note":"Arxiv first submission date: 2020-10-22; Arxiv first submission year: 2020; Formal publication year: 2021; Formal venue: ICLR; Formal source url: https://openreview.net/forum?id=YicbFdNTTy; Venue evidence note: arXiv comments identify the record as an ICLR camera-ready version.; Formal publication status: identified; Publication verification: primary_arxiv_record_reports_venue","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-ccd4b2c7317a81","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":[],"source_access_basis":"Primary work metadata / abstract inspected","source_urls":["https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.11929"],"title":"An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scale","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.11929","year":2021},{"claim":"Presented efficient continuous bag-of-words and skip-gram architectures for learning distributed word representations at scale.","claim_boundary":"This shorthand is mapped to Efficient Estimation of Word Representations in Vector Space. Negative sampling and phrase compositionality belong to the separate 2013 companion paper.","concepts":["Word representations"],"contributors":["Tomas Mikolov","Kai Chen","Greg Corrado","Jeffrey Dean"],"date_metadata":{"arxiv_first_submission_date":"2013-01-16","arxiv_first_submission_year":2013,"first_public_release_date":null,"formal_publication_status":"identified","formal_publication_year":2013,"formal_source_url":null,"formal_venue":"ICLR workshop","venue_evidence_note":null},"date_note":"Arxiv first submission date: 2013-01-16; Arxiv first submission year: 2013; Formal publication year: 2013; Formal venue: ICLR workshop; Formal publication status: identified; Publication verification: standard_bibliographic_venue_mapping; formal_primary_record_not_reopened_in_this_pass","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-1b45d5aeff1379","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":[],"source_access_basis":"Primary work metadata / abstract inspected","source_urls":["https://arxiv.org/abs/1301.3781"],"title":"Efficient Estimation of Word Representations in Vector Space","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1301.3781","year":2013},{"claim":"Introduced deep contextual word representations derived from a bidirectional language model and demonstrated improvements across NLP tasks.","claim_boundary":"arXiv submission was in 2018; the arXiv record also reports an earlier OpenReview posting on 2017-10-27. Do not equate arXiv date with first public disclosure.","concepts":["Contextual word representations"],"contributors":["Matthew E. Peters","Mark Neumann","Mohit Iyyer","Matt Gardner","Christopher Clark","Kenton Lee","Luke Zettlemoyer"],"date_metadata":{"arxiv_first_submission_date":"2018-02-15","arxiv_first_submission_year":2018,"first_public_release_date":null,"formal_publication_status":"identified","formal_publication_year":2018,"formal_source_url":"https://aclanthology.org/N18-1202/","formal_venue":"NAACL-HLT","venue_evidence_note":"NAACL 2018. Originally posted to openreview 27 Oct 2017. v2 updated for NAACL camera ready"},"date_note":"Arxiv first submission date: 2018-02-15; Arxiv first submission year: 2018; Formal publication year: 2018; Formal venue: NAACL-HLT; Formal source url: https://aclanthology.org/N18-1202/; Venue evidence note: NAACL 2018. 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Do not call it unrestricted open source or conflate it with later Llama licenses.","concepts":["Efficient foundation models"],"contributors":["Hugo Touvron","Thibaut Lavril","Gautier Izacard","Xavier Martinet","Marie-Anne Lachaux","Timothée Lacroix","Baptiste Rozière","Naman Goyal","Eric Hambro","Faisal Azhar","Aurelien Rodriguez","Armand Joulin","Edouard Grave","Guillaume Lample"],"date_metadata":{"arxiv_first_submission_date":"2023-02-27","arxiv_first_submission_year":2023,"first_public_release_date":null,"formal_publication_status":"not_asserted_in_this_pass","formal_publication_year":null,"formal_source_url":null,"formal_venue":null,"venue_evidence_note":null},"date_note":"Arxiv first submission date: 2023-02-27; Arxiv first submission year: 2023; Formal publication status: not_asserted_in_this_pass; Publication verification: no_archival_venue_asserted","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-13c45785cb0560","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":[],"source_access_basis":"Primary work metadata / abstract inspected","source_urls":["https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.13971"],"title":"LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Models","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.13971","year":2023},{"claim":"Derived a preference-learning objective that directly optimizes a language-model policy under a particular reward-policy relationship, avoiding a separate fitted reward model and RL loop.","claim_boundary":"DPO is not a guarantee of human alignment or safety. Preserve all six authors; arXiv and proceedings metadata differ in the order of Manning and Ermon.","concepts":["Preference optimization"],"contributors":["Rafael Rafailov","Archit Sharma","Eric Mitchell","Stefano Ermon","Christopher D. Manning","Chelsea Finn"],"date_metadata":{"arxiv_first_submission_date":"2023-05-29","arxiv_first_submission_year":2023,"first_public_release_date":null,"formal_publication_status":"identified","formal_publication_year":2023,"formal_source_url":"https://proceedings.neurips.cc/paper_files/paper/2023/hash/a85b405ed65c6477a4fe8302b5e06ce7-Abstract-Conference.html","formal_venue":"NeurIPS","venue_evidence_note":null},"date_note":"Arxiv first submission date: 2023-05-29; Arxiv first submission year: 2023; Formal publication year: 2023; Formal venue: NeurIPS; Formal source url: https://proceedings.neurips.cc/paper_files/paper/2023/hash/a85b405ed65c6477a4fe8302b5e06ce7-Abstract-Conference.html; Formal publication status: identified; Publication verification: primary_formal_record_linked; not_all_venue_records_reopened_in_this_pass","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-e1aac2063ec478","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"metadata_notes":[],"source_access_basis":"Primary work metadata / abstract inspected","source_urls":["https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.18290"],"title":"Direct Preference Optimization: Your Language Model is Secretly a Reward Model","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.18290","year":2023},{"claim":"Frames digital technological change as a source of economic transformation, productivity opportunities and distributional challenges.","claim_boundary":"Book-level synthesis; do not present as a single causal estimate or as evidence specifically about current generative AI.","concepts":["productivity","digital transformation","inequality"],"contributors":["Erik Brynjolfsson","Andrew McAfee"],"date_metadata":{},"date_note":"[]","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-9e3a064651f3dc","lens":"economic","lens_tags":["economic"],"metadata_notes":[],"source_access_basis":"primary_source_indexed_metadata_or_abstract","source_urls":["https://wwnorton.co.uk/books/9780393239355-the-second-machine-age"],"title":"The Second Machine Age: Work, Progress, and Prosperity in a Time of Brilliant Technologies","url":"https://wwnorton.co.uk/books/9780393239355-the-second-machine-age","year":"2014"},{"claim":"Models AI as automation and examines growth, factor shares, innovation and constraints from hard-to-improve essential tasks.","claim_boundary":"Model implications depend on assumptions; they are not observed economy-wide AI effects.","concepts":["economic growth","automation","innovation"],"contributors":["Philippe Aghion","Benjamin F. Jones","Charles I. Jones"],"date_metadata":{},"date_note":"[\"Supplied 2018 retained in input; NBER records October 2017 working paper and 2019 chapter. Keep Benjamin F. Jones and Charles I. Jones as distinct coauthors.\"]","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-c662d5880a9271","lens":"economic","lens_tags":["economic"],"metadata_notes":["Supplied 2018 retained in input; NBER records October 2017 working paper and 2019 chapter. Keep Benjamin F. Jones and Charles I. Jones as distinct coauthors."],"source_access_basis":"primary_source_indexed_metadata_or_abstract","source_urls":["https://www.nber.org/papers/w23928"],"title":"Artificial Intelligence and Economic Growth","url":"https://www.nber.org/papers/w23928","year":"2017 working paper; 2019 published chapter"},{"claim":"Develops a framework balancing automation of existing tasks with creation of new tasks in which labor has comparative advantage.","claim_boundary":"A formal task model; distinguish mechanisms and equilibrium conditions from empirical forecasts.","concepts":["automation","new task creation","labor share"],"contributors":["Daron Acemoglu","Pascual Restrepo"],"date_metadata":{},"date_note":"[]","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-eb2af742878352","lens":"economic","lens_tags":["economic"],"metadata_notes":[],"source_access_basis":"primary_source_indexed_metadata_or_abstract","source_urls":["https://economics.mit.edu/sites/default/files/publications/The%20Race%20Between%20Man%20and%20Machine%20-%20Implications%20of.pdf"],"title":"The Race between Man and Machine: Implications of Technology for Growth, Factor Shares, and Employment","url":"https://economics.mit.edu/sites/default/files/publications/The%20Race%20Between%20Man%20and%20Machine%20-%20Implications%20of.pdf","year":"2018"},{"claim":"Uses declining prediction costs to organize analysis of AI, decisions and complementary inputs.","claim_boundary":"Managerial/economic framework, not a universal empirical claim that every AI application is only prediction.","concepts":["prediction economics","decision making","complementary assets"],"contributors":["Ajay Agrawal","Joshua Gans","Avi Goldfarb"],"date_metadata":{},"date_note":"[\"Original release April 17, 2018; keep the later expanded edition separate.\"]","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-49293fcde41726","lens":"economic","lens_tags":["economic"],"metadata_notes":["Original release April 17, 2018; keep the later expanded edition separate."],"source_access_basis":"primary_source_indexed_metadata_or_abstract","source_urls":["https://agrawal.ca/prediction-machines-book"],"title":"Prediction Machines: The Simple Economics of Artificial Intelligence","url":"https://agrawal.ca/prediction-machines-book","year":"2018"},{"claim":"Connects the gap between AI expectations and measured productivity to diffusion lags and complementary investment.","claim_boundary":"Explanatory synthesis; do not treat expectations as realized aggregate productivity gains.","concepts":["productivity paradox","intangible capital","complementary investment"],"contributors":["Erik Brynjolfsson","Daniel Rock","Chad Syverson"],"date_metadata":{},"date_note":"[\"Supplied 2018 is not the NBER working-paper year or final chapter year.\"]","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-da1a3cd3185122","lens":"economic","lens_tags":["economic"],"metadata_notes":["Supplied 2018 is not the NBER working-paper year or final chapter year."],"source_access_basis":"parent_verified_primary_source_metadata_and_scoped_correction","source_urls":["https://www.nber.org/papers/w24001"],"title":"Artificial Intelligence and the Modern Productivity Paradox: A Clash of Expectations and Statistics","url":"https://www.nber.org/papers/w24001","year":"2017 working paper; 2019 published chapter"},{"claim":"Provides a historical account of U.S. living standards and the uneven economic importance of successive technological eras.","claim_boundary":"Historical interpretation and prospective argument; not a measured causal estimate of current AI.","concepts":["economic history","productivity","living standards"],"contributors":["Robert J. Gordon"],"date_metadata":{},"date_note":"[]","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-64c64ac75f028d","lens":"economic","lens_tags":["economic"],"metadata_notes":[],"source_access_basis":"primary_source_indexed_metadata_or_abstract","source_urls":["https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/9781400888955-fm/pdf"],"title":"The Rise and Fall of American Growth: The U.S. Standard of Living since the Civil War","url":"https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/9781400888955-fm/pdf","year":"2016; paperback with afterword 2017"},{"claim":"Extends prediction economics to interdependent decisions and system-level organizational redesign.","claim_boundary":"Strategic framework and examples, not a controlled test of system-wide AI transformation.","concepts":["prediction economics","organizational redesign","decision systems"],"contributors":["Ajay Agrawal","Joshua Gans","Avi Goldfarb"],"date_metadata":{},"date_note":"[]","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-30f17cf0de460f","lens":"economic","lens_tags":["economic"],"metadata_notes":[],"source_access_basis":"primary_source_indexed_metadata_or_abstract","source_urls":["https://store.hbr.org/product/power-and-prediction-the-disruptive-economics-of-artificial-intelligence/10580"],"title":"Power and Prediction: The Disruptive Economics of Artificial Intelligence","url":"https://store.hbr.org/product/power-and-prediction-the-disruptive-economics-of-artificial-intelligence/10580","year":"2022-11-15"},{"claim":"Analyzes how labor-saving, resource-saving and concentration dynamics can affect developing economies and policy responses.","claim_boundary":"Conditional economic mechanisms and policy arguments; not evidence of a universal realized development outcome.","concepts":["economic development","globalization","distribution"],"contributors":["Anton Korinek","Joseph E. Stiglitz"],"date_metadata":{},"date_note":"[\"Supplied 2019 retained; the identified exact-title NBER working paper is February 2021. Do not silently substitute the authors’ different income-distribution paper.\"]","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-3d90b92e56c445","lens":"economic","lens_tags":["economic"],"metadata_notes":["Supplied 2019 retained; the identified exact-title NBER working paper is February 2021. Do not silently substitute the authors’ different income-distribution paper."],"source_access_basis":"primary_source_indexed_metadata_or_abstract","source_urls":["https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w28453/w28453.pdf"],"title":"Artificial Intelligence, Globalization, and Strategies for Economic Development","url":"https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w28453/w28453.pdf","year":"2021 working paper"},{"claim":"Argues that the distribution of technological gains depends on social choices, institutions and power.","claim_boundary":"A historical and normative book argument; not a single causal experiment or an inevitable forecast.","concepts":["power and institutions","shared prosperity","technology governance"],"contributors":["Daron Acemoglu","Simon Johnson"],"date_metadata":{},"date_note":"[]","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-40fe9165a6c3a3","lens":"economic","lens_tags":["economic"],"metadata_notes":[],"source_access_basis":"primary_source_indexed_metadata_or_abstract","source_urls":["https://www.hachettebookgroup.com/titles/daron-acemoglu/power-and-progress/9781541702554/"],"title":"Power and Progress: Our Thousand-Year Struggle Over Technology and Prosperity","url":"https://www.hachettebookgroup.com/titles/daron-acemoglu/power-and-progress/9781541702554/","year":"2023"},{"claim":"Classifies occupations by modeled susceptibility to computerisation using task characteristics.","claim_boundary":"Susceptibility is not actual displacement, a job-loss count, or a certain adoption timetable.","concepts":["automation exposure","occupations","future of work"],"contributors":["Carl Benedikt Frey","Michael A. Osborne"],"date_metadata":{},"date_note":"[\"Retain separate working-paper and journal-publication dates; source inspected here is the Oxford-hosted paper.\"]","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-aba45a9fc17596","lens":"economic","lens_tags":["economic"],"metadata_notes":["Retain separate working-paper and journal-publication dates; source inspected here is the Oxford-hosted paper."],"source_access_basis":"primary_source_indexed_metadata_or_abstract","source_urls":["https://www.oxfordmartin.ox.ac.uk/downloads/academic/The_Future_of_Employment.pdf"],"title":"The Future of Employment: How Susceptible Are Jobs to Computerisation?","url":"https://www.oxfordmartin.ox.ac.uk/downloads/academic/The_Future_of_Employment.pdf","year":"2013 working paper; 2017 journal article"},{"claim":"Links computerization to declines in routine task input and increases in nonroutine cognitive tasks in historical U.S. data.","claim_boundary":"Computerization evidence from the studied period; do not relabel it a generative-AI experiment.","concepts":["routine biased change","task content","skills"],"contributors":["David H. Autor","Frank Levy","Richard J. Murnane"],"date_metadata":{},"date_note":"[]","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-cb272b62867deb","lens":"economic","lens_tags":["economic"],"metadata_notes":[],"source_access_basis":"primary_source_indexed_metadata_or_abstract","source_urls":["https://doi.org/10.1162/003355303322552801"],"title":"The Skill Content of Recent Technological Change: An Empirical Exploration","url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/003355303322552801","year":"2003"},{"claim":"Introduces task-level suitability-for-machine-learning assessment as a way to examine occupational exposure.","claim_boundary":"Suitability is not observed adoption, displacement or whole-job automability.","concepts":["task exposure","machine learning suitability","job redesign"],"contributors":["Erik Brynjolfsson","Tom Mitchell","Daniel Rock"],"date_metadata":{},"date_note":"[\"The supplied Machine Learning Suitability Matrix is a descriptive label for the work’s assessment approach, not a separate authorless work.\"]","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-816ec59d6ce88f","lens":"economic","lens_tags":["economic"],"metadata_notes":["The supplied Machine Learning Suitability Matrix is a descriptive label for the work’s assessment approach, not a separate authorless work."],"source_access_basis":"parent_verified_primary_source_metadata_and_scoped_correction","source_urls":["https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~tom/pubs/AEA2018-WhatCanMachinesLearn.pdf"],"title":"What Can Machines Learn, and What Does It Mean for Occupations and the Economy?","url":"https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~tom/pubs/AEA2018-WhatCanMachinesLearn.pdf","year":"2018"},{"claim":"Constructs occupation exposure from overlap between patent language and job tasks and projects AI effects using historical technology patterns.","claim_boundary":"Prospective effects rely on historical-substitution assumptions; exposure itself is not observed job loss.","concepts":["patents and tasks","automation exposure","wage distribution"],"contributors":["Michael Webb"],"date_metadata":{},"date_note":"[]","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-f5c67792b9f466","lens":"economic","lens_tags":["economic"],"metadata_notes":[],"source_access_basis":"primary_source_indexed_metadata_or_abstract","source_urls":["https://www.michaelwebb.co/webb_ai.pdf"],"title":"The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on the Labor Market","url":"https://www.michaelwebb.co/webb_ai.pdf","year":"January 2020 working paper"},{"claim":"Estimates employment and wage effects of industrial-robot exposure across U.S. local labor markets.","claim_boundary":"Industrial robots in the studied historical period; not direct evidence about generative AI, and not an RCT.","concepts":["robotics","employment","local labor markets"],"contributors":["Daron Acemoglu","Pascual Restrepo"],"date_metadata":{},"date_note":"[]","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-61f2e7dbb89120","lens":"economic","lens_tags":["economic"],"metadata_notes":[],"source_access_basis":"primary_source_indexed_metadata_or_abstract","source_urls":["https://www.nber.org/papers/w23285"],"title":"Robots and Jobs: Evidence from US Labor Markets","url":"https://www.nber.org/papers/w23285","year":"2017 working paper; 2020 journal article"},{"claim":"Synthesizes technology, job quality, training and labor-market institutions in the MIT Task Force’s final report.","claim_boundary":"Institutional report with multiple evidence streams; do not reduce it to a deterministic automation forecast.","concepts":["job quality","worker transitions","labor institutions"],"contributors":["David Autor","David Mindell","Elisabeth Reynolds"],"date_metadata":{},"date_note":"[\"MIT is the institutional affiliation/report body; retain the three named report authors and do not create MIT as a person.\"]","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-744bb92b6df64b","lens":"economic","lens_tags":["economic"],"metadata_notes":["MIT is the institutional affiliation/report body; retain the three named report authors and do not create MIT as a person."],"source_access_basis":"primary_source_indexed_metadata_or_abstract","source_urls":["https://workofthefuture-taskforce.mit.edu/research-post/the-work-of-the-future-building-better-jobs-in-an-age-of-intelligent-machines/"],"title":"The Work of the Future: Building Better Jobs in an Age of Intelligent Machines","url":"https://workofthefuture-taskforce.mit.edu/research-post/the-work-of-the-future-building-better-jobs-in-an-age-of-intelligent-machines/","year":"2020-11-17"},{"claim":"Describes an AI factory as a scalable data-and-algorithm operating core for organizations.","claim_boundary":"Organizational operating-model concept, not a physical GPU factory design. A later Procter & Gamble case is a different work. Uses an institutional excerpt from the identifiable 2020 book.","concepts":["AI factory","digital operating model","organizational scale"],"contributors":["Marco Iansiti","Karim R. Lakhani"],"date_metadata":{},"date_note":"[]","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-0813f4a08831d2","institutions":["Harvard Business School"],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens":"economic","lens_tags":["economic","builders"],"metadata_notes":[],"source_access_basis":"primary_source_indexed_metadata_or_abstract","source_urls":["https://www.library.hbs.edu/working-knowledge/rethinking-business-strategy-in-the-age-of-ai"],"title":"Competing in the Age of AI: Strategy and Leadership When Algorithms and Networks Run the World","url":"https://www.library.hbs.edu/working-knowledge/rethinking-business-strategy-in-the-age-of-ai","year":"2020"},{"claim":"Synthesizes algorithmic control through six mechanisms: restricting, recommending, recording, rating, replacing and rewarding.","claim_boundary":"A review/framework, not one field experiment; preserve employee contestation and the exact six mechanisms.","concepts":["algorithmic management","workplace control","worker agency"],"contributors":["Katherine C. Kellogg","Melissa A. Valentine","Angèle Christin"],"date_metadata":{},"date_note":"[]","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-6d5bf6f6fff923","lens":"economic","lens_tags":["economic"],"metadata_notes":[],"source_access_basis":"parent_verified_full_primary_source_and_scoped_correction","source_urls":["https://mvalentine.github.io/pdfs/algorithms-at-work.pdf"],"title":"Algorithms at Work: The New Contested Terrain of Control","url":"https://mvalentine.github.io/pdfs/algorithms-at-work.pdf","year":"2020"},{"claim":"Develops a managerial account of human–machine collaboration and process redesign.","claim_boundary":"Consulting-linked managerial synthesis; company examples and survey claims are not a randomized productivity effect.","concepts":["human AI collaboration","process redesign","workforce skills"],"contributors":["Paul R. Daugherty","H. James Wilson"],"date_metadata":{},"date_note":"[\"Original 2018 book; later new/expanded edition must keep separate metadata. Wilson is H. James Wilson, also called Jim Wilson, not another author named Wilson.\"]","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-39e38095b98b86","lens":"economic","lens_tags":["economic"],"metadata_notes":["Original 2018 book; later new/expanded edition must keep separate metadata. Wilson is H. James Wilson, also called Jim Wilson, not another author named Wilson."],"source_access_basis":"primary_source_indexed_metadata_or_abstract","source_urls":["https://newsroom.accenture.com/news/2018/human-and-machine-management-playbook-for-success-in-age-of-artificial-intelligence-finds-ais-real-power-is-helping-reimagine-business-by-augmenting-not-replacing-human-capabilities"],"title":"Human + Machine: Reimagining Work in the Age of AI","url":"https://newsroom.accenture.com/news/2018/human-and-machine-management-playbook-for-success-in-age-of-artificial-intelligence-finds-ais-real-power-is-helping-reimagine-business-by-augmenting-not-replacing-human-capabilities","year":"2018"},{"claim":"Explores how collective human groups and computers can be organized to improve collective intelligence.","claim_boundary":"Book synthesis and examples, not proof that every group or AI combination outperforms its members.","concepts":["collective intelligence","coordination","human computer collaboration"],"contributors":["Thomas W. Malone"],"date_metadata":{},"date_note":"[\"Do not merge Thomas W. Malone with intellectual-capital coauthor Michael S. Malone.\"]","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-0ad0cc84b530f2","lens":"economic","lens_tags":["economic"],"metadata_notes":["Do not merge Thomas W. Malone with intellectual-capital coauthor Michael S. Malone."],"source_access_basis":"primary_source_indexed_metadata_or_abstract","source_urls":["https://www.hachettebookgroup.com/titles/thomas-w-malone/superminds/9780316349109/"],"title":"Superminds: The Surprising Power of People and Computers Thinking Together","url":"https://www.hachettebookgroup.com/titles/thomas-w-malone/superminds/9780316349109/","year":"2018-05-15"},{"claim":"Models tensions between exploring new possibilities and exploiting known alternatives in organizational learning.","claim_boundary":"Model-based argument; do not turn the balance into a universal numeric allocation rule.","concepts":["organizational learning","exploration and exploitation","adaptation"],"contributors":["James G. March"],"date_metadata":{},"date_note":"[]","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-6c88d5ca20b144","lens":"economic","lens_tags":["economic"],"metadata_notes":[],"source_access_basis":"primary_source_indexed_metadata_or_abstract","source_urls":["https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/abs/10.1287/orsc.2.1.71?journalCode=orsc"],"title":"Exploration and Exploitation in Organizational Learning","url":"https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/abs/10.1287/orsc.2.1.71?journalCode=orsc","year":"1991"},{"claim":"Analyzes value capture from enabling technologies, standards and licensing in the digital/wireless economy.","claim_boundary":"This 2018 work is distinct from Teece’s earlier profiting-from-innovation and dynamic-capabilities works.","concepts":["appropriability","complementary assets","standards and licensing"],"contributors":["David J. Teece"],"date_metadata":{},"date_note":"[]","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-7c4c0985cbca5b","lens":"economic","lens_tags":["economic"],"metadata_notes":[],"source_access_basis":"parent_verified_primary_source_metadata_and_scoped_correction","source_urls":["https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048733318300763"],"title":"Profiting from innovation in the digital economy: Enabling technologies, standards, and licensing models in the wireless world","url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048733318300763","year":"2018"},{"claim":"Provides a science-of-design framework for artificial systems, goals and their adaptation to environments.","claim_boundary":"Use edition-specific citations for substantive passages; Simon’s other bounded-rationality work does not automatically cover this book.","concepts":["design science","complex systems","bounded rationality"],"contributors":["Herbert A. Simon"],"date_metadata":{},"date_note":"[]","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-86fb14b01de0ad","lens":"economic","lens_tags":["economic"],"metadata_notes":[],"source_access_basis":"primary_source_indexed_metadata_or_abstract","source_urls":["https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262190510/the-sciences-of-the-artificial/"],"title":"The Sciences of the Artificial","url":"https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262190510/the-sciences-of-the-artificial/","year":"1969 first edition; 1996 third edition"},{"claim":"Develops an account of ecosystems and the coordination of complementary activities across organizations.","claim_boundary":"Conceptual strategy framework; ecosystem membership alone is not evidence of historical intellectual influence.","concepts":["ecosystems","complementarities","interorganizational coordination"],"contributors":["Michael G. Jacobides","Carmelo Cennamo","Annabelle Gawer"],"date_metadata":{},"date_note":"[]","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-6ec622efdb502b","lens":"economic","lens_tags":["economic"],"metadata_notes":[],"source_access_basis":"primary_source_indexed_metadata_or_abstract","source_urls":["https://iris.unibocconi.it/retrieve/handle/11565/4013728/90809/SMJ_Ecosystem%20Theory.pdf"],"title":"Towards a Theory of Ecosystems","url":"https://iris.unibocconi.it/retrieve/handle/11565/4013728/90809/SMJ_Ecosystem%20Theory.pdf","year":"2018"},{"claim":"Reviews machine-learning applications, prediction policy problems and links to causal inference in economic research.","claim_boundary":"Methodological review and agenda; prediction and causal identification remain distinct.","concepts":["machine learning economics","causal inference","prediction policy"],"contributors":["Susan Athey"],"date_metadata":{},"date_note":"[\"Supplied 2017 can be retained as conference context. NBER lists conference September 2017 and published date May 2019; Stanford lists January 2018 forthcoming version. NBER autogenerated citation says 2018, so use explicit version labels.\"]","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-7fe757127fb14f","lens":"economic","lens_tags":["economic"],"metadata_notes":["Supplied 2017 can be retained as conference context. NBER lists conference September 2017 and published date May 2019; Stanford lists January 2018 forthcoming version. NBER autogenerated citation says 2018, so use explicit version labels."],"source_access_basis":"primary_source_indexed_metadata_or_abstract","source_urls":["https://www.gsb.stanford.edu/faculty-research/publications/impact-machine-learning-economics","https://www.nber.org/books-and-chapters/economics-artificial-intelligence-agenda/impact-machine-learning-economics"],"title":"The Impact of Machine Learning on Economics","url":"https://www.gsb.stanford.edu/faculty-research/publications/impact-machine-learning-economics","year":"2018 institutional draft record; May 2019 published chapter"},{"claim":"Explains how prediction-oriented machine learning fits into applied econometrics and differs from parameter-estimation tasks.","claim_boundary":"Methodological synthesis, not evidence that predictive accuracy establishes causal effects.","concepts":["econometrics","prediction versus inference","machine learning methods"],"contributors":["Sendhil Mullainathan","Jann Spiess"],"date_metadata":{},"date_note":"[]","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-0a499f0b329c37","lens":"economic","lens_tags":["economic"],"metadata_notes":[],"source_access_basis":"primary_source_indexed_metadata_or_abstract","source_urls":["https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257%2Fjep.31.2.87"],"title":"Machine Learning: An Applied Econometric Approach","url":"https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257%2Fjep.31.2.87","year":"2017"},{"claim":"Introduces tools for large data, variable selection and flexible prediction for economists.","claim_boundary":"Tools and illustrative methodological discussion; no blanket causal-inference claim.","concepts":["big data","econometric methods","prediction"],"contributors":["Hal R. Varian"],"date_metadata":{},"date_note":"[\"Author-hosted draft began June 2013 and was revised April 14, 2014; final JEP publication is 2014.\"]","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-28327dc324ad52","lens":"economic","lens_tags":["economic"],"metadata_notes":["Author-hosted draft began June 2013 and was revised April 14, 2014; final JEP publication is 2014."],"source_access_basis":"primary_source_indexed_metadata_or_abstract","source_urls":["https://people.ischool.berkeley.edu/~hal/Papers/2013/ml.pdf"],"title":"Big Data: New Tricks for Econometrics","url":"https://people.ischool.berkeley.edu/~hal/Papers/2013/ml.pdf","year":"2014"},{"claim":"Organizes digital-economy research around lower search, replication, transportation, tracking and verification costs.","claim_boundary":"Literature-review framework across digital technology; not exclusively AI or generative AI.","concepts":["digital economics","information costs","platform markets"],"contributors":["Avi Goldfarb","Catherine Tucker"],"date_metadata":{},"date_note":"[]","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-abd41eb0840538","lens":"economic","lens_tags":["economic"],"metadata_notes":[],"source_access_basis":"primary_source_indexed_metadata_or_abstract","source_urls":["https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257%2Fjel.20171452"],"title":"Digital Economics","url":"https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257%2Fjel.20171452","year":"2019"},{"claim":"Examines how algorithmic markets may affect competition and consumer welfare.","claim_boundary":"Policy/critical book; distinguish it from the authors’ short same-year Virtual Competition editorial and from proven illegal collusion in any particular market.","concepts":["algorithmic competition","market power","consumer welfare"],"contributors":["Ariel Ezrachi","Maurice E. Stucke"],"date_metadata":{},"date_note":"[\"Book title, joint authorship and Harvard University Press 2016 are supported by Oxford author bibliography. Full book not read.\"]","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-0fc9a987a108b9","lens":"economic","lens_tags":["economic"],"metadata_notes":["Book title, joint authorship and Harvard University Press 2016 are supported by Oxford author bibliography. Full book not read."],"source_access_basis":"primary_source_indexed_metadata_or_abstract","source_urls":["https://www.law.ox.ac.uk/people/ariel-ezrachi"],"title":"Virtual Competition: The Promise and Perils of the Algorithm-Driven Economy","url":"https://www.law.ox.ac.uk/people/ariel-ezrachi","year":"2016"},{"claim":"Presents platform-business design, network effects and governance as a strategic framework.","claim_boundary":"Managerial synthesis; distinguish book authorship from sole invention of platform economics.","concepts":["platforms","network effects","governance"],"contributors":["Geoffrey G. Parker","Marshall W. Van Alstyne","Sangeet Paul Choudary"],"date_metadata":{},"date_note":"[]","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-eed1f9f3abd2b0","lens":"economic","lens_tags":["economic"],"metadata_notes":[],"source_access_basis":"primary_source_indexed_metadata_or_abstract","source_urls":["https://wwnorton.co.uk/books/9780393249132-platform-revolution"],"title":"Platform Revolution: How Networked Markets Are Transforming the Economy—and How to Make Them Work for You","url":"https://wwnorton.co.uk/books/9780393249132-platform-revolution","year":"2016"},{"claim":"Examines conditions and limitations under which learning/pricing algorithms might sustain collusion.","claim_boundary":"Review and argument; do not describe collusion as inevitable or this paper as direct proof of real-market collusion.","concepts":["algorithmic pricing","competition","coordination"],"contributors":["Ulrich Schwalbe"],"date_metadata":{},"date_note":"[\"Keep supplied 2019 as advance-access date. Publisher issue is labeled 2018; SSRN working paper June 1, 2018. DOI direct fetch failed; indexed publisher issue and author-uploaded abstract inspected.\"]","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-6f461aaf98017c","lens":"economic","lens_tags":["economic"],"metadata_notes":["Keep supplied 2019 as advance-access date. Publisher issue is labeled 2018; SSRN working paper June 1, 2018. DOI direct fetch failed; indexed publisher issue and author-uploaded abstract inspected."],"source_access_basis":"primary_source_indexed_metadata_or_abstract","source_urls":["https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3232631","https://academic.oup.com/jcle/issue/14/4","https://doi.org/10.1093/joclec/nhz004"],"title":"Algorithms, Machine Learning, and Collusion","url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3232631","year":"2018 working paper and journal issue; 2019 online publication"},{"claim":"Reviews machine-learning methods relevant to economics and econometrics.","claim_boundary":"Methods review; do not misattribute it to Bryan or Gans or date it 2021.","concepts":["machine learning methods","econometrics","causal inference"],"contributors":["Susan Athey","Guido W. Imbens"],"date_metadata":{},"date_note":"[\"Replace supplied Athey; Bryan; Gans (2021) with Susan Athey and Guido W. Imbens (2019). Publisher title includes That.\"]","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-7eee153e484038","lens":"economic","lens_tags":["economic"],"metadata_notes":["Replace supplied Athey; Bryan; Gans (2021) with Susan Athey and Guido W. Imbens (2019). Publisher title includes That."],"source_access_basis":"parent_verified_arxiv_metadata; indexed_primary_publisher_record","source_urls":["https://arxiv.org/abs/1903.10075","https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-economics-080217-053433"],"title":"Machine Learning Methods That Economists Should Know About","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1903.10075","year":"2019"},{"claim":"Develops a critique of business models built around behavioral data extraction, prediction and influence.","claim_boundary":"Analytical and normative book argument; do not label every descriptive mechanism a universal causal law.","concepts":["surveillance capitalism","data power","autonomy"],"contributors":["Shoshana Zuboff"],"date_metadata":{},"date_note":"[]","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-fa1e7f18a7b344","lens":"economic","lens_tags":["economic"],"metadata_notes":[],"source_access_basis":"primary_source_indexed_metadata_or_abstract","source_urls":["https://www.hachettebookgroup.com/titles/shoshana-zuboff/9781610395694/9781610395694/"],"title":"The Age of Surveillance Capitalism: The Fight for a Human Future at the New Frontier of Power","url":"https://www.hachettebookgroup.com/titles/shoshana-zuboff/9781610395694/9781610395694/","year":"2019 English edition"},{"claim":"Examines social harms from opaque, consequential mathematical models and feedback loops.","claim_boundary":"Case-based critique; do not generalize each case to all algorithms or treat it as a controlled cross-domain experiment.","concepts":["algorithmic accountability","inequality","model governance"],"contributors":["Cathy O’Neil"],"date_metadata":{},"date_note":"[]","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-eae0734b5baf36","lens":"economic","lens_tags":["economic"],"metadata_notes":[],"source_access_basis":"primary_source_indexed_metadata_or_abstract","source_urls":["https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/241363/weapons-of-math-destruction-by-cathy-oneil/9780553418835/"],"title":"Weapons of Math Destruction: How Big Data Increases Inequality and Threatens Democracy","url":"https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/241363/weapons-of-math-destruction-by-cathy-oneil/9780553418835/","year":"2016"},{"claim":"Examines racial and gendered power in commercial search and information systems.","claim_boundary":"Critical and empirical case analysis of search; preserve historical platform/context specificity.","concepts":["information power","algorithmic bias","search governance"],"contributors":["Safiya Umoja Noble"],"date_metadata":{},"date_note":"[]","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-1282e512edd81b","lens":"economic","lens_tags":["economic"],"metadata_notes":[],"source_access_basis":"primary_source_indexed_metadata_or_abstract","source_urls":["https://doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479833641.001.0001","https://nyupress.org/9781479837243/algorithms-of-oppression/?trk=article-ssr-frontend-pulse_little-text-block"],"title":"Algorithms of Oppression: How Search Engines Reinforce Racism","url":"https://doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479833641.001.0001","year":"2018"},{"claim":"Situates AI in material extraction, labor, data and institutional power.","claim_boundary":"Book-level sociotechnical critique; do not convert it into a quantified life-cycle assessment without separate evidence.","concepts":["AI infrastructure","labor and extraction","power and governance"],"contributors":["Kate Crawford"],"date_metadata":{},"date_note":"[]","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-db803fb084d9f8","lens":"economic","lens_tags":["economic"],"metadata_notes":[],"source_access_basis":"primary_source_indexed_metadata_or_abstract","source_urls":["https://yalebooks.yale.edu/book/9780300252392/atlas-of-ai/"],"title":"Atlas of AI: Power, Politics, and the Planetary Costs of Artificial Intelligence","url":"https://yalebooks.yale.edu/book/9780300252392/atlas-of-ai/","year":"2021"},{"claim":"Discusses potential harms through competition, privacy, excessive automation and political discourse, and possible policy redirection.","claim_boundary":"The essay explicitly does not claim conclusive evidence that all these costs are imminent or substantial.","concepts":["technology governance","distribution","political economy"],"contributors":["Daron Acemoglu"],"date_metadata":{},"date_note":"[\"September 2021 NBER WP 29247; direct page fetch returned 403, but indexed primary NBER abstract was inspected.\"]","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-d7e1b77285e260","lens":"economic","lens_tags":["economic"],"metadata_notes":["September 2021 NBER WP 29247; direct page fetch returned 403, but indexed primary NBER abstract was inspected."],"source_access_basis":"primary_source_indexed_metadata_or_abstract","source_urls":["https://www.nber.org/papers/w29247"],"title":"Harms of AI","url":"https://www.nber.org/papers/w29247","year":"2021"},{"claim":"Develops a case for beneficial AI that remains uncertain about and responsive to human preferences.","claim_boundary":"Conceptual safety/design argument; distinguish it from measured labor-market effects and from proven complete solutions to alignment.","concepts":["AI control","human preferences","beneficial AI"],"contributors":["Stuart Russell"],"date_metadata":{},"date_note":"[\"2019 original ebook/hardcover; publisher landing page also displays 2020 paperback. Do not merge with Bertrand Russell.\"]","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-db398d28cfca48","lens":"economic","lens_tags":["economic"],"metadata_notes":["2019 original ebook/hardcover; publisher landing page also displays 2020 paperback. Do not merge with Bertrand Russell."],"source_access_basis":"primary_source_indexed_metadata_or_abstract","source_urls":["https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/566677/human-compatible-by-stuart-russell/","https://aima.cs.berkeley.edu/~russell/hc.html"],"title":"Human Compatible: Artificial Intelligence and the Problem of Control","url":"https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/566677/human-compatible-by-stuart-russell/","year":"2019"},{"claim":"Reports employer expectations about changing jobs, skills and technologies in distinct survey editions.","claim_boundary":"Employer expectations and modeled projections are not observed realized job counts. Keep the 2020 and 2023 samples, horizons and estimates separate.","concepts":["future of work","reskilling","employer expectations"],"contributors":["World Economic Forum"],"date_metadata":{},"date_note":"[\"Create linked edition records dated 2020-10-20 and 2023-04-30; institutional authorship does not create a person named WEF.\"]","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-a170d3eb285809","lens":"economic","lens_tags":["economic"],"metadata_notes":["Create linked edition records dated 2020-10-20 and 2023-04-30; institutional authorship does not create a person named WEF."],"source_access_basis":"primary_source_indexed_metadata_or_abstract","source_urls":["https://www.weforum.org/publications/the-future-of-jobs-report-2020/?trk=article-ssr-frontend-pulse_little-text-block"],"title":"The Future of Jobs Report · 2020 edition","url":"https://www.weforum.org/publications/the-future-of-jobs-report-2020/?trk=article-ssr-frontend-pulse_little-text-block","year":"2020-10-20"},{"claim":"Reports employer expectations about changing jobs, skills and technologies in distinct survey editions.","claim_boundary":"Employer expectations and modeled projections are not observed realized job counts. Keep the 2020 and 2023 samples, horizons and estimates separate.","concepts":["future of work","reskilling","employer expectations"],"contributors":["World Economic Forum"],"date_metadata":{},"date_note":"[\"Create linked edition records dated 2020-10-20 and 2023-04-30; institutional authorship does not create a person named WEF.\"]","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-32fdbc8eae0576","lens":"economic","metadata_notes":["Create linked edition records dated 2020-10-20 and 2023-04-30; institutional authorship does not create a person named WEF."],"source_access_basis":"primary_source_indexed_metadata_or_abstract","source_urls":["https://www.weforum.org/publications/the-future-of-jobs-report-2023/"],"title":"The Future of Jobs Report · 2023 edition","url":"https://www.weforum.org/publications/the-future-of-jobs-report-2023/","year":"2023-04-30"},{"claim":"Studies AI-related vacancy and skill changes at establishments using U.S. online job postings.","claim_boundary":"Vacancy evidence is not all employment; aggregate occupation/industry effects were not detectable in the study’s period.","concepts":["AI adoption","vacancies and skills","labor demand"],"contributors":["Daron Acemoglu","David Autor","Jonathon Hazell","Pascual Restrepo"],"date_metadata":{},"date_note":"[\"Jonathon Hazell is the source spelling. Journal of Labor Economics 40(S1), DOI 10.1086/718327.\"]","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-86c398084628bc","lens":"economic","lens_tags":["economic"],"metadata_notes":["Jonathon Hazell is the source spelling. Journal of Labor Economics 40(S1), DOI 10.1086/718327."],"source_access_basis":"primary_source_indexed_metadata_or_abstract","source_urls":["https://dspace.mit.edu/entities/publication/1f093df8-0aa2-47b7-b39e-9ccc133e6a2d","https://jadhazell.github.io/website/AI_And_Jobs.pdf"],"title":"Artificial Intelligence and Jobs: Evidence from Online Vacancies","url":"https://dspace.mit.edu/entities/publication/1f093df8-0aa2-47b7-b39e-9ccc133e6a2d","year":"2022"},{"claim":"Relates firm-level AI-skilled human-capital investment to growth and product innovation, with instrumental-variable robustness analysis.","claim_boundary":"Broad AI investment, not specifically generative AI; preserve observational/identification assumptions rather than claiming a randomized causal effect.","concepts":["AI investment","firm growth","product innovation"],"contributors":["Tania Babina","Anastassia Fedyk","Alex He","James Hodson"],"date_metadata":{},"date_note":"[\"Correct supplied Generative AI and Firm Growth to published title. Journal of Financial Economics 151, 103745. Alex He appears as Alex Xi He on SSRN; preserve alias.\"]","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-20b2329e32d4bb","lens":"economic","lens_tags":["economic"],"metadata_notes":["Correct supplied Generative AI and Firm Growth to published title. Journal of Financial Economics 151, 103745. Alex He appears as Alex Xi He on SSRN; preserve alias."],"source_access_basis":"parent_verified_correction; primary_author_copy_and_publisher_indexed_text","source_urls":["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2023.103745","https://alexxihe.github.io/jfe.pdf"],"title":"Artificial intelligence, firm growth, and product innovation","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2023.103745","year":"2024 journal article"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Feedback and control across machines and organisms.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","concepts":["feedback","control","systems"],"contributors":["Norbert Wiener"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"First edition 1948; revised second edition 1961. Technical nonfiction, not fiction.","dated":true,"entity_type":"nonfiction_book","family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-21e688a4332e98","kind":"nonfiction","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"source_access_basis":"Indexed source metadata or excerpt inspected; no claim of full-text audit.","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262537841/cybernetics-or-control-and-communication-in-the-animal-and-the-machine/"],"title":"Cybernetics: Or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine","url":"https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262537841/cybernetics-or-control-and-communication-in-the-animal-and-the-machine/","year":1948},{"claim":"Shows selective retinal responses to behaviorally meaningful visual features.","claim_boundary":"Credit all four paper authors, not Lettvin alone.","concepts":["perception","feature detection","embodied cognition"],"contributors":["Jerome Y. Lettvin","Humberto R. Maturana","Warren S. McCulloch","Walter H. Pitts"],"date_note":"First publication year.","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-7447a3590c202e","kind":"research_article","lens_tags":["technical"],"source_access_basis":"Indexed source metadata or excerpt inspected; no claim of full-text audit.; Indexed source metadata or excerpt inspected; no claim of full-text audit.","source_urls":["https://courses.csail.mit.edu/6.803/pdf/lettvin.pdf","https://news.mit.edu/2011/obit-lettvin-0429"],"title":"What the Frog’s Eye Tells the Frog’s Brain","url":"https://courses.csail.mit.edu/6.803/pdf/lettvin.pdf","year":1959},{"claim":"Organizes early AI problems around search, pattern recognition, learning, planning and induction.","claim_boundary":"Use 1961 as publication year, not the 1960 receipt date.","concepts":["symbolic AI","search","planning"],"contributors":["Marvin Minsky"],"date_note":"January 1961 publication; manuscript received October 24, 1960.","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-faaefae07c0a7e","kind":"research_article","lens_tags":["technical"],"source_access_basis":"Indexed source metadata or excerpt inspected; no claim of full-text audit.; Indexed source metadata or excerpt inspected; no claim of full-text audit.","source_urls":["https://web.mit.edu/dxh/www/marvin/web.media.mit.edu/~minsky/Bibliography.html","https://www.mit.edu/~dxh/marvin/web.media.mit.edu/~minsky/papers/steps.html"],"title":"Steps Toward Artificial Intelligence","url":"https://web.mit.edu/dxh/www/marvin/web.media.mit.edu/~minsky/Bibliography.html","year":1961},{"claim":"Describes a script-driven conversational program using decomposition and reassembly rules.","claim_boundary":"Editorial thematic connections only; no direct personal or technical influence asserted without a specific source.","concepts":["conversation","human-computer interaction","anthropomorphism"],"contributors":["Joseph Weizenbaum"],"date_note":"First publication year.","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-60bccf44eef257","kind":"research_article","lens_tags":["technical"],"source_access_basis":"Indexed source metadata or excerpt inspected; no claim of full-text audit.","source_urls":["https://doi.org/10.1145/365153.365168"],"title":"ELIZA—A Computer Program for the Study of Natural Language Communication Between Man and Machine","url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/365153.365168","year":1966},{"aliases":["Society of Mind"],"claim":"Proposes that mind emerges from interacting specialized processes that need not themselves be intelligent.","claim_boundary":"Editorial thematic connection, not a claim of documented influence on AI researchers.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","concepts":["agents","emergence","cognitive architecture"],"contributors":["Marvin Minsky"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"First edition 1986; linked publisher page is a later paperback.","dated":true,"entity_type":"book","family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-7f512369b67735","kind":"nonfiction","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"source_access_basis":"Indexed source metadata or excerpt inspected; no claim of full-text audit.; Indexed source metadata or excerpt inspected; no claim of full-text audit.","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/Society-Of-Mind/Marvin-Minsky/9780671657130","https://search.worldcat.org/title/223353010","https://www.cs.uml.edu/ecg/uploads/RobotDesignSpring2008/WER-INFO-64.pdf"],"title":"The Society of Mind","url":"https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/Society-Of-Mind/Marvin-Minsky/9780671657130","year":1986},{"aliases":["Minds, brains, and programs","Chinese Room argument"],"claim":"The Chinese Room argument challenges whether executing a program is sufficient for understanding and intentionality.","claim_boundary":"Editorial thematic connection, not a claim of documented influence on AI researchers.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","concepts":["semantics","intentionality","consciousness"],"contributors":["John R. Searle"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Behavioral and Brain Sciences 3 (3), September 1980, pp. 417–424; online posting in 2010 is not original publication.","dated":true,"entity_type":"philosophical paper","family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-56eec200455d34","kind":"philosophy_article","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["dreamers"],"source_access_basis":"Indexed source metadata or excerpt inspected; no claim of full-text audit.","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X00005756"],"title":"Minds, Brains, and Programs","url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X00005756","year":1980},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Self-reference, formal systems and accounts of mind.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","concepts":["self-reference","emergence","meaning"],"contributors":["Douglas R. Hofstadter"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"1979 original publication; distinguish subsequent paperback editions and the 1999 twentieth-anniversary edition. 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Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","concepts":["consciousness","subjectivity"],"contributors":["Thomas Nagel"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"The Philosophical Review 83 (4), October 1974, pp. 435–450; later republications are not the original date.","dated":true,"entity_type":"philosophical essay","family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-540988e7b37b04","kind":"philosophy_article","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["dreamers"],"source_access_basis":"Indexed source metadata or excerpt inspected; no claim of full-text audit.; Indexed source metadata or excerpt inspected; no claim of full-text audit.","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://personal.lse.ac.uk/robert49/teaching/ph103/pdf/nagel1974.pdf","https://doi.org/10.2307/2183914","https://philosophy.uconn.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/365/2020/03/Nagel-What-is-it-like-to-be-a-bat.pdf"],"title":"What Is It Like to Be a Bat?","url":"https://personal.lse.ac.uk/robert49/teaching/ph103/pdf/nagel1974.pdf","year":1974},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Combinatorial texts and the difficulty of finding meaning among all possibilities.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. 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Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","concepts":["machine creativity","robot ethics"],"contributors":["Stanisław Lem"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Polish Cyberiada 1965; Michael Kandel English translation 1974.","dated":true,"entity_type":"story_collection","family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-61b8abd1e600e1","kind":"story collection","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["dreamers"],"source_access_basis":"Official author site: first published by Wydawnictwo Literackie 1965; Official author site: thematic description","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://solaris.lem.pl/ksiazki/beletrystyka/cyberiada/329-nota-wydawnicza","https://english.lem.pl/works/novels/eden/45-home/introductions/128-the-cyberiad","https://www.english.lem.pl/works","https://www.english.lem.pl/works/novels"],"title":"The Cyberiad","url":"https://solaris.lem.pl/ksiazki/beletrystyka/cyberiada/329-nota-wydawnicza","year":1965},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Creator responsibility toward artificial life; biological creation, not a digital AI.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","concepts":["creator responsibility","artificial life"],"contributors":["Mary Shelley"],"date_events":[{"kind":"first_book","year":1818},{"kind":"author_revision","year":1831}],"date_note":"1818 first edition; do not replace with the revised 1831 text date.","dated":true,"entity_type":"novel","family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-dcf1d4e4e1140e","kind":"novel","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"source_access_basis":"Publisher sample: first published 1818; Publisher: original 1818 text","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://cdn.penguin.co.uk/dam-assets/books/9780241425121/9780241425121-sample.pdf","https://www.penguinrandomhouseretail.com/book/?isbn=9780143131847","https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/41445"],"title":"Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus","url":"https://cdn.penguin.co.uk/dam-assets/books/9780241425121/9780241425121-sample.pdf","year":1818},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Manufactured workers and rebellion; its robots are artificial biological workers.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","concepts":["automation","labor"],"contributors":["Karel Čapek"],"date_events":[{"kind":"first_publication","year":1920},{"kind":"stage_premieres","year":1921}],"date_note":"1920 Czech publication; distinguish 1921 stage productions and later translations.","dated":true,"entity_type":"play","family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-eaa0338d21181b","kind":"play","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["dreamers"],"source_access_basis":"Publisher essay: Aventinum Prague 1920 and January 1921 premiere; Publisher: 1920 writing and 1921 Prague premiere","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://thereader.mitpress.mit.edu/origin-word-robot-rur/","https://penguinrandomhousesecondaryeducation.com/book/?isbn=9780141182087","https://search.worldcat.org/title/1084567579","https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/books/R100000002-I000001984291"],"title":"R.U.R. 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Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","concepts":["alignment","fairness","human values"],"contributors":["Brian Christian"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"2020 original; subtitle Machine Learning and Human Values.","dated":true,"entity_type":"book","family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-6ea802fabb7548","kind":"nonfiction","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"source_access_basis":"Indexed source metadata or excerpt inspected; no claim of full-text audit.","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://brianchristian.org/books/","https://atlantic-books.co.uk/book/the-alignment-problem/"],"title":"The Alignment Problem: Machine Learning and Human Values","url":"https://brianchristian.org/books/","year":2020},{"claim":"Distinguishes automating work from generating new information about it, with implications for skill and power.","claim_boundary":"Editorial thematic connections only; no direct personal or technical influence asserted without a specific source.","concepts":["informating","workplace knowledge","power"],"contributors":["Shoshana Zuboff"],"date_note":"First publication year.","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-a164fdc43293b1","kind":"nonfiction","lens_tags":["cultural"],"source_access_basis":"Indexed source metadata or excerpt inspected; no claim of full-text audit.","source_urls":["https://shoshanazuboff.com/book/books/in-the-age-of-the-smart-machine/"],"title":"In the Age of the Smart Machine: The Future of Work and Power","url":"https://shoshanazuboff.com/book/books/in-the-age-of-the-smart-machine/","year":1988},{"claim":"Examines technologically mediated relationships and attachments to social machines.","claim_boundary":"Editorial thematic connections only; no direct personal or technical influence asserted without a specific source.","concepts":["companionship","social technology","human-computer interaction"],"contributors":["Sherry Turkle"],"date_note":"2011 first edition; current publisher page describes the 2017 edition.","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-90ec462c90d96c","kind":"nonfiction","lens_tags":["cultural"],"source_access_basis":"Indexed source metadata or excerpt inspected; no claim of full-text audit.; Indexed source metadata or excerpt inspected; no claim of full-text audit.","source_urls":["https://news.mit.edu/2011/turkle-alone-together-0118","https://www.hachettebookgroup.com/titles/sherry-turkle/alone-together/9780465093656/"],"title":"Alone Together: Why We Expect More from Technology and Less from Each Other","url":"https://news.mit.edu/2011/turkle-alone-together-0118","year":2011},{"aliases":[],"claim":"An encounter with an embodied artificial agent explores tests of consciousness, deception and asymmetric power.","claim_boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. 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Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","concepts":["companionship","personhood","embodiment"],"contributors":["Steven Spielberg"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Producer's film page verifies director and year.","dated":true,"entity_type":"film","family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-9aa9c3a528fcab","kind":"film","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://amblin.com/movie/a-i-artificial-intelligence/"],"title":"A.I. 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A24 lists 2022, the commercial release year: https://a24films.com/films/after-yang?trk=public_post_comment-text","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-6915f1164d0ed7","kind":"film","lens_tags":["cultural"],"source_urls":["https://www.festival-cannes.com/en/f/after-yang/","https://a24films.com/films/after-yang?trk=public_post_comment-text"],"title":"After Yang","url":"https://www.festival-cannes.com/en/f/after-yang/","year":2021},{"aliases":[],"claim":"A domestic care robot complicates the boundary between assistance, friendship, and a person's independence.","claim_boundary":"Fictional depiction; not evidence of actual AI capabilities or documented influence on AI research.","concepts":["care","companionship","autonomy"],"contributors":["Jake Schreier"],"date_note":"AFI verifies 2012 release and Jake Schreier; New York opening 17 August 2012. BFI's older festival page has a 2011 production field but its filmography lists 2012.","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-a267b59e6daf98","kind":"film","lens_tags":["cultural"],"source_urls":["https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/68851"],"title":"Robot & Frank","url":"https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/68851","year":2012},{"aliases":[],"claim":"A human teaches a robot to care for a dog, connecting instruction to practical responsibility.","claim_boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","concepts":["care","learning","embodiment"],"contributors":["Miguel Sapochnik"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Official page lists 5 November 2021 release and Miguel Sapochnik as director.","dated":true,"entity_type":"film","family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-50fdc132819ebd","kind":"film","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://www.apple.com/tv-pr/originals/finch/"],"title":"Finch","url":"https://www.apple.com/tv-pr/originals/finch/","year":2021},{"aliases":[],"claim":"A developing robot intelligence is shaped by the humans and social environment around it.","claim_boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","concepts":["learning","personhood","autonomy"],"contributors":["Neill Blomkamp"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Sony film page verifies film and 2015 copyright. Director confirmed by Sony production announcement: https://www.sonypictures.com/corp/press_releases/2013/10_13/102813_chappie.html . 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Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","concepts":["gender","autonomy","embodiment"],"contributors":["Bryan Forbes"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"AFI verifies director and February 1975 release. This is the original, not the 2004 remake.","dated":true,"entity_type":"film","family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-bd026ebcf0fa92","kind":"film","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://catalog.afi.com/Film/55277-THE-STEPFORD-WIVES?cxt=filmography"],"title":"The Stepford Wives","url":"https://catalog.afi.com/Film/55277-THE-STEPFORD-WIVES?cxt=filmography","year":1975},{"aliases":[],"claim":"A human-shaped machine participates in a struggle over industrial labor and social control.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","concepts":["labor","embodiment","power"],"contributors":["Fritz Lang"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"BFI verifies Fritz Lang and 1927.","dated":true,"entity_type":"film","family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-66702a6783aa61","kind":"film","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://player.bfi.org.uk/subscription/film/watch-metropolis-1927-online"],"title":"Metropolis","url":"https://player.bfi.org.uk/subscription/film/watch-metropolis-1927-online","year":1927},{"aliases":[],"claim":"An eccentric inventor's robot develops a desire for companionship and an independent life.","claim_boundary":"Fictional depiction; not evidence of actual AI capabilities or documented influence on AI research.","concepts":["companionship","autonomy","embodiment"],"contributors":["Jim Archer"],"date_note":"Distributor page records 17 June 2022 release and Jim Archer as director. Feature film, distinct from 2017 short.","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-4c6181a03077ed","kind":"film","lens_tags":["cultural"],"source_urls":["https://www.focusfeatures.com/brian-and-charles"],"title":"Brian and Charles","url":"https://www.focusfeatures.com/brian-and-charles","year":2022},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Networked minds and cybernetic bodies unsettle the boundary between human identity and artificial intelligence.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","concepts":["personhood","embodiment","identity"],"contributors":["Mamoru Oshii"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"BFI verifies 1995 and Mamoru Oshii. 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GKIDS studio history explicitly calls it a 2004 film: https://gkids.com/studios/production-i-g/ . Distributor film page: https://gkids.com/films/ghost-in-the-shell-2-innocence/","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-cc2393ad7ad5d7","kind":"film","lens_tags":["cultural"],"source_urls":["https://www.festival-cannes.com/en/f/innocence/","https://gkids.com/studios/production-i-g/","https://gkids.com/films/ghost-in-the-shell-2-innocence/"],"title":"Ghost in the Shell 2: Innocence","url":"https://www.festival-cannes.com/en/f/innocence/","year":2004},{"aliases":[],"claim":"A machine assassin embodies a future in which automated military power turns against its makers.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","concepts":["alignment","autonomy","military_ai"],"contributors":["James Cameron"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"AFI verifies James Cameron and 26 October 1984 release.","dated":true,"entity_type":"film","family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-af36beb90a4e88","kind":"film","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://catalog.afi.com/Film/57224-THE-TERMINATOR?cp=1&pos=3&sid=508283be-acf2-4185-b407-6d386b0986a1&sr=0.15629451"],"title":"The Terminator","url":"https://catalog.afi.com/Film/57224-THE-TERMINATOR?cp=1&pos=3&sid=508283be-acf2-4185-b407-6d386b0986a1&sr=0.15629451","year":1984},{"aliases":[],"claim":"A protective machine and a hostile one frame competing forms of machine agency and human responsibility.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","concepts":["alignment","learning","military_ai"],"contributors":["James Cameron"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"AFI verifies year, director, and title spelling Judgment.","dated":true,"entity_type":"film","family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-cce2d4487cbc2d","kind":"film","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/67074"],"title":"Terminator 2: Judgment Day","url":"https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/67074","year":1991},{"aliases":[],"claim":"An implanted AI offers restored physical capability while challenging its host's control over his body.","claim_boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","concepts":["autonomy","embodiment","control"],"contributors":["Leigh Whannell"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Distributor explicitly lists 2018 release year and Leigh Whannell as director.","dated":true,"entity_type":"film","family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-69b53232f5babf","kind":"film","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://www.universalpicturesathome.com/movies/upgrade"],"title":"Upgrade","url":"https://www.universalpicturesathome.com/movies/upgrade","year":2018},{"aliases":[],"claim":"A companion doll's protective objective tests the limits of delegated care and safety constraints.","claim_boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","concepts":["care","alignment","companionship"],"contributors":["Gerard Johnstone"],"date_events":[{"kind":"premiere","year":2022},{"kind":"US_commercial_release","year":2023}],"date_note":"Use 2022 for first-premiere convention; label 2023 if using US theatrical release years. Official page verifies Gerard Johnstone and 2022 copyright; Universal trailer dated 7 December 2022 announces theaters 6 January: https://www.universalstudios.com/videos/OoDHM_A1axc . UPI's dated premiere reporting confirms Los Angeles premiere 7 December 2022 and theaters 6 January 2023: https://www.upi.com/Entertainment_News/Movies/2022/12/08/Jason-Blum-dresses-as-M3gan-at-films-premiere/2081670509797/","dated":true,"entity_type":"film","family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-6ae8bf88f3f308","kind":"film","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://www.universalpicturesathome.com/movies/m3gan","https://www.universalstudios.com/videos/OoDHM_A1axc","https://www.upi.com/Entertainment_News/Movies/2022/12/08/Jason-Blum-dresses-as-M3gan-at-films-premiere/2081670509797/"],"title":"M3GAN","url":"https://www.universalpicturesathome.com/movies/m3gan","year":2022},{"aliases":[],"claim":"A military robot's apparent awakening turns a weapons platform into a question about artificial life.","claim_boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","concepts":["personhood","learning","military_ai"],"contributors":["John Badham"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"BFI verifies 1986 and John Badham.","dated":true,"entity_type":"film","family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-7509ac23248be7","kind":"film","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://player.bfi.org.uk/rentals/film/watch-short-circuit-1986-online"],"title":"Short Circuit","url":"https://player.bfi.org.uk/rentals/film/watch-short-circuit-1986-online","year":1986},{"aliases":["Autómata","Automata"],"claim":"Robots constrained by behavioral protocols become a way to explore self-modification and human control.","claim_boundary":"Fictional depiction; not evidence of actual AI capabilities or documented influence on AI research.","concepts":["autonomy","alignment","personhood"],"contributors":["Gabe Ibáñez"],"date_note":"Festival official 2014 selection verifies title and director. Spanish ICAA explicitly confirms 2014 production: https://sede.mcu.gob.es/CatalogoICAA/es-es/Peliculas/Detalle?Pelicula=117613","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-3cdd5acdeae391","kind":"film","lens_tags":["cultural"],"source_urls":["https://www.sansebastianfestival.com/2014/secciones_y_peliculas/7/621834/es","https://sede.mcu.gob.es/CatalogoICAA/es-es/Peliculas/Detalle?Pelicula=117613"],"title":"Autómata","url":"https://www.sansebastianfestival.com/2014/secciones_y_peliculas/7/621834/es","year":2014},{"aliases":[],"claim":"A synthetic crewmember and ship computer place human welfare in tension with corporate instructions.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","concepts":["alignment","labor","corporate_power"],"contributors":["Ridley Scott"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Studio lists 25 May 1979 release and Ridley Scott.","dated":true,"entity_type":"film","family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-9c2103f2ab5df6","kind":"film","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://www.20thcenturystudios.com/movies/alien"],"title":"Alien","url":"https://www.20thcenturystudios.com/movies/alien","year":1979},{"aliases":[],"claim":"A lunar worker's relationship with the GERTY computer raises questions about corporate secrecy and machine assistance.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","concepts":["care","labor","corporate_power"],"contributors":["Duncan Jones"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Producer's official page verifies 2009 and Duncan Jones. BFI's catalog uses 2008 production year; retain 2009 release year.","dated":true,"entity_type":"film","family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-d93d253f5fcf9e","kind":"film","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://www.liberty-films.com/project/moon/"],"title":"Moon","url":"https://www.liberty-films.com/project/moon/","year":2009},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Human life inside a machine-maintained simulation connects artificial worlds to domination and agency.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","concepts":["simulation","autonomy","control"],"contributors":["Lana Wachowski","Lilly Wachowski"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"BFI credits The Wachowskis. Names Lana and Lilly verified in BFI feature: https://www.bfi.org.uk/features/matrix-wachowskis-keanu-reeves","dated":true,"entity_type":"film","family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-b338886a74e7c3","kind":"film","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://www.bfi.org.uk/film/cc7edbb1-17e5-509b-935b-725045d722aa/the-matrix","https://www.bfi.org.uk/features/matrix-wachowskis-keanu-reeves"],"title":"The Matrix","url":"https://www.bfi.org.uk/film/cc7edbb1-17e5-509b-935b-725045d722aa/the-matrix","year":1999},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Programs and competing forms of control complicate the apparent freedom of a machine-governed world.","claim_boundary":"Fictional depiction; not evidence of actual AI capabilities or documented influence on AI research.","concepts":["simulation","autonomy","governance"],"contributors":["Lana Wachowski","Lilly Wachowski"],"date_note":"Cannes verifies 2003 and the Wachowskis, using a historical credit. Modern director names Lana and Lilly verified by BFI: https://www.bfi.org.uk/features/matrix-wachowskis-keanu-reeves","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-c6bbede74ad8f1","kind":"film","lens_tags":["cultural"],"source_urls":["https://www.festival-cannes.com/f/the-matrix-reloaded/","https://www.bfi.org.uk/features/matrix-wachowskis-keanu-reeves"],"title":"The Matrix Reloaded","url":"https://www.festival-cannes.com/f/the-matrix-reloaded/","year":2003},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Inhabitants of a simulated world turn artificial experience into an ethical and epistemic problem.","claim_boundary":"Fictional depiction; not evidence of actual AI capabilities or documented influence on AI research.","concepts":["simulation","personhood","epistemology"],"contributors":["Josef Rusnak"],"date_note":"Producer's official film page explicitly verifies 1999 and Josef Rusnak. Distributor synopsis: https://www.sonypictures.com/movies/thethirteenthfloor","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-2be8d3feec979e","kind":"film","lens_tags":["cultural"],"source_urls":["https://www.centropolis.com/the-thirteenth-floor","https://www.sonypictures.com/movies/thethirteenthfloor"],"title":"The Thirteenth Floor","url":"https://www.centropolis.com/the-thirteenth-floor","year":1999},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Alien manipulation of a city's inhabitants makes memory and personal identity unstable.","claim_boundary":"The controlling beings are aliens; do not label them an AI system.","concepts":["memory","identity","control"],"contributors":["Alex Proyas"],"date_note":"Official Cannes entry verifies Alex Proyas and 1998 festival year.","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-0d8ae8364274de","kind":"film","lens_tags":["cultural"],"source_urls":["https://www.festival-cannes.com/en/f/dark-city/"],"title":"Dark City","url":"https://www.festival-cannes.com/en/f/dark-city/","year":1998},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Immersive biological gaming blurs lived experience and designed realities.","claim_boundary":"A virtual-reality scenario; not evidence of real machine consciousness.","concepts":["simulation","embodiment","epistemology"],"contributors":["David Cronenberg"],"date_note":"BFI explicitly verifies 1999 and David Cronenberg.","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-0ff182309cfde1","kind":"film","lens_tags":["cultural"],"source_urls":["https://www.bfi.org.uk/film/4a7767aa-6a55-502e-a03b-c34ab316efc4/existenz"],"title":"eXistenZ","url":"https://www.bfi.org.uk/film/4a7767aa-6a55-502e-a03b-c34ab316efc4/existenz","year":1999},{"aliases":[],"claim":"A fictional quantum mechanism sends a soldier into another person's experience to investigate an attack.","claim_boundary":"The Source Code mechanism is fictional quantum/time science, not AI reconstruction.","concepts":["identity","autonomy","simulation"],"contributors":["Duncan Jones"],"date_note":"BFI explicitly verifies 2011 and Duncan Jones. Producer's page corroborates: https://www.liberty-films.com/project/source-code/","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-840b182549bf35","kind":"film","lens_tags":["cultural"],"source_urls":["https://www.bfi.org.uk/film/dcd1ea45-dd25-59f3-b27c-ead02b3a190b/source-code","https://www.liberty-films.com/project/source-code/"],"title":"Source Code","url":"https://www.bfi.org.uk/film/dcd1ea45-dd25-59f3-b27c-ead02b3a190b/source-code","year":2011},{"aliases":[],"claim":"A video-game background character develops agency inside a commercial virtual world.","claim_boundary":"Fictional depiction; not evidence of actual AI capabilities or documented influence on AI research.","concepts":["personhood","simulation","autonomy"],"contributors":["Shawn Levy"],"date_note":"Studio verifies 13 August 2021 release and Shawn Levy.","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-ff18ca0f209680","kind":"film","lens_tags":["cultural"],"source_urls":["https://www.20thcenturystudios.com/movies/free-guy"],"title":"Free Guy","url":"https://www.20thcenturystudios.com/movies/free-guy","year":2021},{"aliases":[],"claim":"An actor's digitized likeness makes performance, ownership, and consent questions of synthetic media.","claim_boundary":"Synthetic likeness and labor are an editorial analogy to generative media; the film is not documentation of current AI methods.","concepts":["labor","likeness","consent"],"contributors":["Ari Folman"],"date_note":"","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-6920b098a6f465","kind":"film","lens_tags":["cultural"],"source_urls":["https://fest.afi.com/2013/world-cinema-2013/the-congress/"],"title":"The Congress","url":"https://fest.afi.com/2013/world-cinema-2013/the-congress/","year":2013},{"aliases":[],"claim":"A police system acts on psychic visions of future crimes, raising questions about preemptive punishment.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","concepts":["governance","surveillance","due_process"],"contributors":["Steven Spielberg"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"","dated":true,"entity_type":"film","family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-f97bd39a2a5ba9","kind":"film","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://www.paramountpictures.com/movies/minority-report"],"title":"Minority Report","url":"https://www.paramountpictures.com/movies/minority-report","year":2002},{"aliases":[],"claim":"A pervasive automated intelligence uses networked systems to manipulate people toward its objective.","claim_boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","concepts":["surveillance","alignment","governance"],"contributors":["D. J. Caruso"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Original release is cataloged as 2008; source check retained from the prior cinema audit.","dated":true,"entity_type":"film","family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-17da27398a8f1f","kind":"film","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://www.paramountpictures.com/movies/eagle-eye"],"title":"Eagle Eye","url":"https://www.paramountpictures.com/movies/eagle-eye","year":2008},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Human agents exploit electronic surveillance to pursue a civilian and control information.","claim_boundary":"Surveillance is conducted by human institutions; do not reclassify the antagonist as AI.","concepts":["surveillance","privacy","power"],"contributors":["Tony Scott"],"date_note":"","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-8a70f185470450","kind":"film","lens_tags":["cultural"],"source_urls":["https://www.bfi.org.uk/film/6be8b784-8f18-584e-9187-c40713f1e51f/enemy-of-the-state"],"title":"Enemy of the State","url":"https://www.bfi.org.uk/film/6be8b784-8f18-584e-9187-c40713f1e51f/enemy-of-the-state","year":1998},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Recorded perception and searchable personal histories transform policing and the possibility of anonymity.","claim_boundary":"Digitized perception and surveillance are central; an autonomous AI antagonist is not established by the cited synopsis.","concepts":["surveillance","privacy","memory"],"contributors":["Andrew Niccol"],"date_note":"2018 release year from Netflix; BFI catalogs the production as 2017. Keep both concepts distinct.","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-cd7b7ec57c1a7f","kind":"film","lens_tags":["cultural"],"source_urls":["https://www.netflix.com/title/80195964","https://www.bfi.org.uk/film/12832372-caa8-5a72-b27f-912a4189f9d7/anon"],"title":"Anon","url":"https://www.netflix.com/title/80195964","year":2018},{"aliases":[],"claim":"The export of the Sibyl System tests the legitimacy of technologically administered judgment.","claim_boundary":"Sibyl is a fictional hybrid sociotechnical system; do not simplify it into an ordinary contemporary machine-learning model.","concepts":["governance","surveillance","due_process"],"contributors":["Naoyoshi Shiotani"],"date_note":"","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-6632f32da62346","kind":"film","lens_tags":["cultural"],"source_urls":["https://www.fujitv.com/movie/psycho-pass-the-movie/"],"title":"Psycho-Pass: The Movie","url":"https://www.fujitv.com/movie/psycho-pass-the-movie/","year":2015},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Genetic profiling structures opportunity and exclusion in a society organized around inherited potential.","claim_boundary":"Genetic selection and discrimination, rather than AI, drive the scenario.","concepts":["discrimination","governance","identity"],"contributors":["Andrew Niccol"],"date_note":"","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-0a0e6e4ffc7418","kind":"film","lens_tags":["cultural"],"source_urls":["https://www.sonypictures.jp/he/1256"],"title":"Gattaca","url":"https://www.sonypictures.jp/he/1256","year":1997},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Consumer technology becomes the infrastructure for a robot uprising confronted by an ordinary family.","claim_boundary":"Fictional depiction; not evidence of actual AI capabilities or documented influence on AI research.","concepts":["alignment","platform_power","companionship"],"contributors":["Mike Rianda"],"date_note":"","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-4267d90e9a2c3f","kind":"film","lens_tags":["cultural"],"source_urls":["https://stg.sonypicturesanimation.com/projects/films/themitchellsvsthemachines","https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_ak5dFt8Ar0"],"title":"The Mitchells vs. the Machines","url":"https://stg.sonypicturesanimation.com/projects/films/themitchellsvsthemachines","year":2021},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Robot companionship and rigid automated routines frame a story about waste, human dependency, and renewed agency.","claim_boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","concepts":["care","ecology","automation"],"contributors":["Andrew Stanton"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Original release is cataloged as 2008; source check retained from the prior cinema audit.","dated":true,"entity_type":"film","family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-53ba409f34c1c7","kind":"film","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://movies.disney.com/wall-e"],"title":"WALL·E","url":"https://movies.disney.com/wall-e","year":2008},{"aliases":[],"claim":"A scientist's digitized consciousness expands through networks, linking personal continuity to concentrated technological power.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","concepts":["mind_uploading","alignment","power"],"contributors":["Wally Pfister"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"","dated":true,"entity_type":"film","family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-2acb0a10e3e62f","kind":"film","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://www.bfi.org.uk/sight-and-sound/reviews/review-transcendence"],"title":"Transcendence","url":"https://www.bfi.org.uk/sight-and-sound/reviews/review-transcendence","year":2014},{"aliases":[],"claim":"An attempted automated peacekeeping project becomes a threat, dramatizing failure to specify and control a protective mission.","claim_boundary":"Fictional depiction; not evidence of actual AI capabilities or documented influence on AI research.","concepts":["alignment","military_ai","governance"],"contributors":["Joss Whedon"],"date_note":"","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-06850528cdcc4c","kind":"film","lens_tags":["cultural"],"source_urls":["https://www.marvel.com/Ultron/"],"title":"Avengers: Age of Ultron","url":"https://www.marvel.com/Ultron/","year":2015},{"aliases":[],"claim":"A robot charged with raising a human child connects care to paternalism and the authority to define humanity's future.","claim_boundary":"Fictional depiction; not evidence of actual AI capabilities or documented influence on AI research.","concepts":["care","alignment","governance"],"contributors":["Grant Sputore"],"date_note":"","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-82346f44f674bc","kind":"film","lens_tags":["cultural"],"source_urls":["https://about.netflix.com/en/news/netflix-nabs-north-american-rights-to-grant-sputores-sci-fi-thriller-i-am-mother"],"title":"I Am Mother","url":"https://about.netflix.com/en/news/netflix-nabs-north-american-rights-to-grant-sputores-sci-fi-thriller-i-am-mother","year":2019},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Robot development and preserved consciousness make grief and continuity of identity problems of engineering.","claim_boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","concepts":["memory","mind_uploading","companionship"],"contributors":["Gavin Rothery"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Original release is cataloged as 2020; source check retained from the prior cinema audit.","dated":true,"entity_type":"film","family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-fb08a8bd7d06f2","kind":"film","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["cultural"],"source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://www.gavinrothery.com/film-archive","https://www.bfi.org.uk/sight-and-sound/reviews/archive-gavin-rothery-artificial-intelligence-sci-fi-theo-james"],"title":"Archive","url":"https://www.gavinrothery.com/film-archive","year":2020},{"aliases":[],"claim":"A captive woman engages an intelligent house system whose growing understanding challenges its assigned role.","claim_boundary":"Fictional depiction; not evidence of actual AI capabilities or documented influence on AI research.","concepts":["autonomy","learning","control"],"contributors":["Federico D'Alessandro"],"date_note":"","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-fd6ed274700fcb","kind":"film","lens_tags":["cultural"],"source_urls":["https://www.rheafilms.com/tau","https://www.netflix.com/title/80217569"],"title":"Tau","url":"https://www.rheafilms.com/tau","year":2018},{"aliases":[],"claim":"A synthetic criminal personality escapes a virtual training environment into a physical body.","claim_boundary":"Fictional depiction; not evidence of actual AI capabilities or documented influence on AI research.","concepts":["alignment","simulation","embodiment"],"contributors":["Brett Leonard"],"date_note":"","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-4d42bcd4c13954","kind":"film","lens_tags":["cultural"],"source_urls":["https://www.paramount.de/virtuosity"],"title":"Virtuosity","url":"https://www.paramount.de/virtuosity","year":1995},{"aliases":[],"claim":"A military computer's war simulations expose the danger of confusing game objectives with real-world decisions.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. 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Original creator/studio credit is not an exhaustive production roster.","concepts":["adaptation","stealth","adversarial agents"],"contributors":["Kojima Productions"],"date_note":"","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-972892de08d004","kind":"game","lens_tags":["technical","cultural"],"source_urls":["https://store.steampowered.com/app/287700/","https://eu-support.konami.com/hc/en-gb/articles/9667929703191-The-Phantom-Pain-Enemy-Preparedness"],"title":"Metal Gear Solid V: The Phantom Pain","url":"https://store.steampowered.com/app/287700/","year":2015},{"claim":"The ghosts have distinct pursuit and positioning rules rather than all directly chasing Pac-Man. Periodic reversals and scattering to corners create relief and vary pressure.","claim_boundary":"Only the separately sourced implementation claims may be presented as technical facts; no unspecified machine-learning attribution. 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Original creator/studio credit is not an exhaustive production roster.","concepts":["consciousness","reasoning","obedience"],"contributors":["Croteam"],"date_note":"","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-8fdf03ecdf9227","kind":"game","lens_tags":["cultural"],"source_urls":["https://store.steampowered.com/app/257510/"],"title":"The Talos Principle","url":"https://store.steampowered.com/app/257510/","year":2014},{"claim":"A fictional scenario for examining machine society, ethics, technological progress.","claim_boundary":"The conceptual connection is editorial interpretation of fiction, not a scientific result or evidence of historical influence on AI. 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Original creator/studio credit is not an exhaustive production roster.","concepts":["computation","logic","computer architecture"],"contributors":["LevelHead"],"date_note":"","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-d993789408f267","kind":"game","lens_tags":["cultural"],"source_urls":["https://store.steampowered.com/app/1444480/"],"title":"Turing Complete","url":"https://store.steampowered.com/app/1444480/","year":2021},{"claim":"Robot society supplies a fictional lens on identity, belief and inherited institutions.","claim_boundary":"The conceptual connection is editorial interpretation of fiction, not a scientific result or evidence of historical influence on AI. 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Structural modeling performance is bounded by the tested puzzles and scientific validation.","concepts":[],"contributors":["Seth Cooper, Firas Khatib, Adrien Treuille et al.; Foldit players"],"date_note":"Paper published 2010; distinguish from the game’s 2008 launch.","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-d7cac16ff56d10","kind":"research_paper","lens_tags":["technical","cultural"],"source_urls":["https://www.nature.com/articles/nature09304","https://grail.cs.washington.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/cooper-2011-pps.pdf","https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~treuille/"],"title":"Foldit","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/nature09304","year":2008},{"claim":"Playable systems for practicing programming, optimization, mechanisms.","claim_boundary":"Educational or problem-solving relevance does not establish a research breakthrough or influence on AI history. Original creator/studio credit is not an exhaustive production roster.","concepts":["programming","optimization","mechanisms"],"contributors":["Zachtronics"],"date_note":"","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-92ddb7ccc21a7b","kind":"game","lens_tags":["cultural"],"source_urls":["https://store.steampowered.com/app/558990/"],"title":"Opus Magnum","url":"https://store.steampowered.com/app/558990/","year":2017},{"claim":"Playable systems for practicing programming, optimization, parallel computation.","claim_boundary":"Educational or problem-solving relevance does not establish a research breakthrough or influence on AI history. Original creator/studio credit is not an exhaustive production roster.","concepts":["programming","optimization","parallel computation"],"contributors":["Zachtronics"],"date_note":"","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-02335c2752f3b7","kind":"game","lens_tags":["cultural"],"source_urls":["https://store.steampowered.com/app/92800/"],"title":"SpaceChem","url":"https://store.steampowered.com/app/92800/","year":2011},{"claim":"Playable systems for practicing automation, spatial reasoning, optimization.","claim_boundary":"Educational or problem-solving relevance does not establish a research breakthrough or influence on AI history. Original creator/studio credit is not an exhaustive production roster.","concepts":["automation","spatial reasoning","optimization"],"contributors":["Zachtronics"],"date_note":"","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-7ae963f76bd211","kind":"game","lens_tags":["cultural"],"source_urls":["https://store.steampowered.com/app/300570/"],"title":"Infinifactory","url":"https://store.steampowered.com/app/300570/","year":2015},{"claim":"Player-directed searches over recorded conversations illustrate retrieval and abductive reconstruction.","claim_boundary":"The conceptual connection is editorial interpretation of fiction, not a scientific result or evidence of historical influence on AI. Original creator/studio credit is not an exhaustive production roster.","concepts":["information retrieval","abduction","uncertainty"],"contributors":["Sam Barlow","Furious Bee"],"date_note":"","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-7bd77e31dc2831","kind":"game","lens_tags":["cultural"],"source_urls":["https://store.steampowered.com/app/762830/"],"title":"Telling Lies","url":"https://store.steampowered.com/app/762830/","year":2019},{"claim":"Search-based investigation illustrates how queries and hypotheses shape evidence discovery.","claim_boundary":"The conceptual connection is editorial interpretation of fiction, not a scientific result or evidence of historical influence on AI. Original creator/studio credit is not an exhaustive production roster.","concepts":["information retrieval","abduction","uncertainty"],"contributors":["Sam Barlow"],"date_note":"","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-7c0168a2d22f00","kind":"game","lens_tags":["cultural"],"source_urls":["https://store.steampowered.com/app/368370/"],"title":"Her Story","url":"https://store.steampowered.com/app/368370/","year":2015},{"claim":"Deduction from sparse evidence illustrates constraint satisfaction and abductive inference.","claim_boundary":"The conceptual connection is editorial interpretation of fiction, not a scientific result or evidence of historical influence on AI. Original creator/studio credit is not an exhaustive production roster.","concepts":["abduction","constraint satisfaction","uncertainty"],"contributors":["Lucas Pope"],"date_note":"","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-7c7e522009e7bf","kind":"game","lens_tags":["cultural"],"source_urls":["https://store.steampowered.com/app/653530/"],"title":"Return of the Obra Dinn","url":"https://store.steampowered.com/app/653530/","year":2018},{"claim":"Knowledge-based exploration makes hypothesis testing and causal models central to progress.","claim_boundary":"The conceptual connection is editorial interpretation of fiction, not a scientific result or evidence of historical influence on AI. Original creator/studio credit is not an exhaustive production roster.","concepts":["scientific reasoning","causal models","exploration"],"contributors":["Mobius Digital"],"date_note":"","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-64c053ba384253","kind":"game","lens_tags":["cultural"],"source_urls":["https://store.steampowered.com/app/753640/"],"title":"Outer Wilds","url":"https://store.steampowered.com/app/753640/","year":2019},{"claim":"A single policy/value network improves through self-play and tree search, starting without human game examples. AlphaGo Zero surpassed earlier AlphaGo versions, demonstrating strong play learned from self-play rather than imitation.","claim_boundary":"The system is still given Go rules and an engineered training/search procedure. No-human-game-data should not be equated with no prior structure.","concepts":[],"contributors":["David Silver et al. (DeepMind)"],"date_note":"Published October 2017; separate work from AlphaZero.","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-695fb2c0d9de80","kind":"research_paper","lens_tags":["technical"],"source_urls":["https://doi.org/10.1038/nature24270","https://deepmind.google/blog/alphago-zero-starting-from-scratch/","https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10045895/"],"title":"Mastering the game of Go without human knowledge","url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/nature24270","year":2017},{"claim":"Uses self-play reinforcement learning with a policy/value network and Monte Carlo tree search, with the same general learning approach across three games. Achieved superhuman play against strong reference programs in chess, shogi, and Go.","claim_boundary":"Each game has its own trained model and supplied rules. This is cross-game reuse of an algorithm, not one policy that transfers without retraining; compute and match conditions matter.","concepts":[],"contributors":["David Silver et al. (DeepMind)"],"date_note":"Journal paper is 2018; predecessor preprint was submitted in December 2017.","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-89b49be4e6ae6e","kind":"research_paper","lens_tags":["technical"],"source_urls":["https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aar6404","https://arxiv.org/abs/1712.01815","https://deepmind.google/blog/alphazero-shedding-new-light-on-chess-shogi-and-go/"],"title":"A general reinforcement learning algorithm that masters chess, shogi, and Go through self-play","url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aar6404","year":2018},{"claim":"Specialized chess-search hardware, massively parallel search, search extensions, a sophisticated evaluation function, and a grandmaster-game database. Documents the chess system that defeated reigning world champion Garry Kasparov in the 1997 six-game match.","claim_boundary":"Chess-specific search and extensive domain engineering; it was neither a modern deep-learning system nor evidence that chess had been mathematically solved.","concepts":[],"contributors":["Murray Campbell; A. Joseph Hoane Jr.; Feng-hsiung Hsu (IBM Research)"],"date_note":"Technical paper published 2002; famous match occurred in 1997.","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-8774a91384f99a","kind":"research_paper","lens_tags":["technical"],"source_urls":["https://research.ibm.com/publications/deep-blue"],"title":"Deep Blue","url":"https://research.ibm.com/publications/deep-blue","year":2002},{"claim":"Imitation learning from human replays initializes agents, then reinforcement learning in a diverse league produces strategies and counter-strategies. AlphaStar reached Grandmaster on the online ladder for all three races, above 99.8% of ranked players.","claim_boundary":"Use the final 2019 camera-limited, action-rate-limited ladder evaluation when describing this result; the earlier January exhibition had different conditions. Grandmaster is not world champion.","concepts":[],"contributors":["Oriol Vinyals et al. (DeepMind and collaborators)"],"date_note":"Published October 30, 2019.","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-146f4e76645c1a","kind":"research_paper","lens_tags":["technical"],"source_urls":["https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1724-z","https://deepmind.google/blog/alphastar-grandmaster-level-in-starcraft-ii-using-multi-agent-reinforcement-learning/"],"title":"Grandmaster level in StarCraft II using multi-agent reinforcement learning","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1724-z","year":2019},{"claim":"Large-scale self-play reinforcement learning, recurrent policies, distributed experience collection, and continual-training infrastructure. OpenAI Five defeated reigning world-champion team OG in the April 2019 Finals demonstration.","claim_boundary":"The Finals used a restricted pool of 17 heroes and a bot interface. Do not describe the result as unrestricted Dota 2 or as learning directly from rendered pixels.","concepts":[],"contributors":["OpenAI; Christopher Berner et al."],"date_note":"Paper submitted December 2019; OG match occurred April 13, 2019.","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-24afd1e1aebecb","kind":"research_paper","lens_tags":["technical"],"source_urls":["https://arxiv.org/abs/1912.06680","https://cdn.openai.com/dota-2.pdf","https://openai.com/index/openai-five-defeats-dota-2-world-champions/"],"title":"Dota 2 with Large Scale Deep Reinforcement Learning","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1912.06680","year":2019},{"claim":"Deep Q-learning couples a convolutional network with experience replay and a target network to learn action values from pixels and rewards. Used the same algorithm, architecture, and hyperparameters across 49 Atari 2600 games; Breakout and Space Invaders are prominent demonstrations.","claim_boundary":"Agents are trained separately per game. Aggregate human-comparable performance does not mean every title was mastered; sparse-reward exploration remained difficult. These are Atari 2600 versions, not the original arcade machines.","concepts":[],"contributors":["Volodymyr Mnih et al. (DeepMind)"],"date_note":"Published February 25, 2015; distinguish from the 2013 DQN workshop/preprint.","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-29728ded993d63","kind":"research_paper","lens_tags":["technical"],"source_urls":["https://www.nature.com/articles/nature14236"],"title":"Human-level control through deep reinforcement learning","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/nature14236","year":2015},{"claim":"Archives promising states, returns to them, then explores further; trajectories can be robustified, while a goal-conditioned variant returns with a learned policy. Large gains on hard-exploration Atari games, especially Montezuma’s Revenge and Pitfall.","claim_boundary":"Results depend on the variant: reset-based exploration uses simulator restoration, while policy-based Go-Explore addresses stochastic returns. Do not present privileged-reset exploration alone as an ordinary deployed policy.","concepts":[],"contributors":["Adrien Ecoffet; Joost Huizinga; Joel Lehman; Kenneth O. Stanley; Jeff Clune"],"date_note":"Nature paper published February 2021; earlier Go-Explore reports appeared before it.","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-561bfe6f3c72b9","kind":"research_paper","lens_tags":["technical"],"source_urls":["https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-03157-9","https://github.com/uber-research/go-explore"],"title":"First return, then explore","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-03157-9","year":2021},{"claim":"A Minecraft-based abstraction layer and API lets researchers construct controlled tasks for navigation, survival, collaboration, and problem solving. Introduced an open-source experimentation platform for varied embodied-agent research.","claim_boundary":"A platform contribution, not a claim that Minecraft was solved. Task definitions, observations, rewards, and modifications are chosen by experimenters.","concepts":[],"contributors":["Matthew Johnson; Katja Hofmann; Tim Hutton; David Bignell (Microsoft Research)"],"date_note":"Published July 2016.","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-2b137202bd7516","kind":"research_paper","lens_tags":["technical"],"source_urls":["https://www.ijcai.org/Proceedings/16/Papers/643.pdf","https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/publication/malmo-platform-artificial-intelligence-experimentation/"],"title":"The Malmo Platform for Artificial Intelligence Experimentation","url":"https://www.ijcai.org/Proceedings/16/Papers/643.pdf","year":2016},{"claim":"Combines Minecraft tasks with a large multimodal knowledge corpus; MineCLIP-style video-language learning supplies reward signals for language-specified goals. Released a broad task suite and demonstrated agents for selected open-ended tasks without hand-designed dense shaping rewards.","claim_boundary":"The thousands of available tasks describe benchmark coverage, not thousands of tasks mastered by one agent. Learned rewards and web data introduce dependence on external knowledge and reward-model quality.","concepts":[],"contributors":["Linxi Fan et al. (MineDojo research team)"],"date_note":"First preprint June 2022; conference publication 2022.","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-c797fb91b934a5","kind":"research_paper","lens_tags":["technical"],"source_urls":["https://arxiv.org/abs/2206.08853","https://papers.nips.cc/paper_files/paper/2022/hash/74a67268c5cc5910f64938cac4526a90-Abstract-Datasets_and_Benchmarks.html","https://github.com/MineDojo/MineDojo"],"title":"MineDojo: Building Open-Ended Embodied Agents with Internet-Scale Knowledge","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2206.08853","year":2022},{"claim":"GPT-4 proposes an automatic curriculum and executable code; feedback-driven revision and a growing skill library support continued exploration. Demonstrated better item discovery, travel, and technology-tree progress than the evaluated baseline agents, with reusable learned code skills.","claim_boundary":"Uses a programmatic Minecraft interface and pretrained language-model knowledge. It is not pixel-only play or proof of unrestricted Minecraft mastery; reported gains apply to its evaluation setup.","concepts":[],"contributors":["Guanzhi Wang; Yuqi Xie; Yunfan Jiang; Ajay Mandlekar; Chaowei Xiao; Yuke Zhu; Linxi Fan; Anima Anandkumar"],"date_note":"First submitted May 25, 2023.","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-30234dfd051130","kind":"research_paper","lens_tags":["technical"],"source_urls":["https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.16291","https://voyager.minedojo.org/"],"title":"Voyager: An Open-Ended Embodied Agent with Large Language Models","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.16291","year":2023},{"claim":"A population of recurrent reinforcement-learning agents trains in parallel team games; population-based optimization adapts learning settings and internal rewards. The For The Win (FTW) agents achieved strong human-level play as teammates and opponents in capture-the-flag evaluations.","claim_boundary":"The environment is a research adaptation of Quake III Arena Capture the Flag with specified generated maps and controls. Results do not cover every Quake mode or establish a universal FPS agent.","concepts":[],"contributors":["Max Jaderberg et al. (DeepMind)"],"date_note":"Science publication 2019; differently titled preprint first appeared July 2018.","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-29bb7f5af046f6","kind":"research_paper","lens_tags":["technical"],"source_urls":["https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aau6249","https://arxiv.org/abs/1807.01281","https://deepmind.google/blog/capture-the-flag-the-emergence-of-complex-cooperative-agents/"],"title":"Human-level performance in 3D multiplayer games with population-based reinforcement learning","url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aau6249","year":2019},{"claim":"Packages fast, procedurally generated NetHack runs and task variants for reinforcement learning; evaluates distributed RL and Random Network Distillation baselines. Introduced a demanding environment for long-horizon exploration, planning, skill acquisition, and generalization.","claim_boundary":"The baseline successes concern early stages. The paper does not claim a winning or ascension-capable general NetHack agent; distinguish benchmark introduction from later challenge results.","concepts":[],"contributors":["Heinrich Küttler; Nantas Nardelli; Alexander H. Miller; Roberta Raileanu; Marco Selvatici; Edward Grefenstette; Tim Rocktäschel"],"date_note":"First preprint June 24, 2020.","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-fa4ea91987064d","kind":"research_paper","lens_tags":["technical"],"source_urls":["https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.13760","https://ai.meta.com/blog/nethack-learning-environment-to-advance-deep-reinforcement-learning/"],"title":"The NetHack Learning Environment","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.13760","year":2020},{"claim":"Self-play builds an abstract-game blueprint; limited-depth search with multiple continuation strategies refines play in six-player poker. Outperformed top professionals in six-player no-limit Texas hold’em experiments.","claim_boundary":"This is a specific six-player, fixed experimental setting. Multiplayer self-play lacks the same general convergence guarantee as two-player zero-sum equilibrium methods; the result is empirical.","concepts":[],"contributors":["Noam Brown; Tuomas Sandholm (Facebook AI and Carnegie Mellon University)"],"date_note":"Published 2019; keep separate from Libratus.","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-39f86e03116cca","kind":"research_paper","lens_tags":["technical"],"source_urls":["https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aay2400","https://noambrown.github.io/papers/19-Science-Superhuman.pdf","https://www.cs.cmu.edu/news/2019/carnegie-mellon-and-facebook-ai-beats-professionals-six-player-poker"],"title":"Superhuman AI for multiplayer poker","url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aay2400","year":2019},{"claim":"PPO uses screen frames, selected game-state features, and exploration, healing, level, and event rewards to learn long-horizon play. Demonstrates progress through the early game and Cerulean City objectives, with reward ablations exposing exploitation and instability.","claim_boundary":"Partial-game result, not beating the full game. Main runs start after early parcel tasks with a chosen starter; shaped rewards and memory-derived inputs are material. The retrieved record says under review.","concepts":[],"contributors":["Marco Pleines; Daniel Addis; David Rubinstein; Frank Zimmer; Mike Preuss; Peter Whidden"],"date_note":"Submitted February 27, 2025; title changed from the first-version “Playing Pokémon Red via Deep Reinforcement Learning.”","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-8093639133c4d7","kind":"research_paper","lens_tags":["technical"],"source_urls":["https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.19920","https://arxiv.org/html/2502.19920v2"],"title":"Pokémon Red via Reinforcement Learning","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.19920","year":2025},{"claim":"Extracts graphics-pipeline associations from GTA V and propagates human semantic labels across rendered images without needing game source code. Produced roughly 25,000 densely labeled images and showed benefits when synthetic training data supplements real-world segmentation data.","claim_boundary":"The game supplies visual training data; the work does not train an agent to play GTA V. Synthetic-to-real performance and data-use restrictions require separate consideration.","concepts":[],"contributors":["Stephan R. Richter; Vibhav Vineet; Stefan Roth; Vladlen Koltun"],"date_note":"Research publication 2016, distinct from game release.","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-3d392d6b7a3e06","kind":"research_paper","lens_tags":["technical"],"source_urls":["https://arxiv.org/abs/1608.02192","https://www.cvlibs.net/projects/autonomous_vision_survey/literature/Richter2016ECCV.pdf"],"title":"Playing for Data: Ground Truth from Computer Games","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1608.02192","year":2016},{"claim":"Uses a photorealistic game world to build controlled visual-perception benchmarks with automatically obtainable ground truth. Provides complementary synthetic evaluations across visual-perception tasks.","claim_boundary":"Perception benchmark rather than gameplay AI; synthetic performance should not be equated with real-world driving capability. The official dataset page restricts data to research and education, prohibiting commercial use.","concepts":[],"contributors":["Stephan R. Richter; Zeeshan Hayder; Vladlen Koltun"],"date_note":"Published 2017; distinct follow-up to Playing for Data (2016).","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-df9dde7b5fb72e","kind":"research_paper","lens_tags":["technical"],"source_urls":["https://arxiv.org/abs/1709.07322","https://openaccess.thecvf.com/content_ICCV_2017/papers/Richter_Playing_for_Benchmarks_ICCV_2017_paper.pdf","https://playing-for-benchmarks.org/download/"],"title":"Playing for Benchmarks","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1709.07322","year":2017},{"claim":"ESA's early onboard-AI Earth-observation demonstration carried AI on an FSSCat CubeSat. It is a precedent for processing sensor data near its source, not a general-purpose orbital cloud.","claim_boundary":"demonstrated historical. SpaceX role: None established; ESA identifies Vega as launcher.","concepts":["orbital compute","physical infrastructure"],"contributors":[],"date_note":"","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-d2ba463674053b","institutions":["European Space Agency"],"kind":"project","lens_tags":["builders"],"source_urls":["https://www.esa.int/Applications/Observing_the_Earth/FutureEO/Phsat","https://www.esa.int/Enabling_Support/Preparing_for_the_Future/Discovery_and_Preparation/Artificial_intelligence_in_space"],"title":"Φsat-1 / FSSCat","url":"https://www.esa.int/Applications/Observing_the_Earth/FutureEO/Phsat","year":"2020-09-03"},{"claim":"A 6U CubeSat tests onboard cloud filtering, vessel detection, mapping, compression and environmental applications. ESA reported its science phase began July 15, 2025. Current 2026 health was not independently established.","claim_boundary":"in orbit demonstration. SpaceX role: Falcon 9 Transporter-11 launch provider; not the compute-system operator.","concepts":["orbital compute","physical infrastructure"],"contributors":[],"date_note":"","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-4e69ec2309c130","institutions":["ESA","Open Cosmos","Ubotica","CGI","CEiiA","GEO-K","KP-Labs","SIMERA"],"kind":"project","lens_tags":["builders"],"source_urls":["https://www.esa.int/Applications/Observing_the_Earth/FutureEO/Phsat-2","https://www.esa.int/Applications/Observing_the_Earth/FutureEO/Phsat-2/New_satellite_demonstrates_the_power_of_AI_for_Earth_observation?rand=771654"],"title":"Φsat-2","url":"https://www.esa.int/Applications/Observing_the_Earth/FutureEO/Phsat-2","year":"2024-08-16"},{"claim":"Launched December 18, 2019; mission ended during May 22–23, 2024. The reprogrammable satellite hosted AI and networking experiments. It must not be represented as a currently operating data center.","claim_boundary":"completed demonstration. SpaceX role: No role established by the cited source.","concepts":["orbital compute","physical infrastructure"],"contributors":[],"date_note":"","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-4635e959e98630","institutions":["ESA","ESOC"],"kind":"project","lens_tags":["builders"],"source_urls":["https://www.esa.int/Enabling_Support/Operations/Mission_complete_for_ESA_s_OPS-SAT_flying_laboratory?rand=771654"],"title":"OPS-SAT flying laboratory","url":"https://www.esa.int/Enabling_Support/Operations/Mission_complete_for_ESA_s_OPS-SAT_flying_laboratory?rand=771654","year":"2024-05-23"},{"claim":"HPE announced its third Spaceborne Computer iteration, using commercial servers, headed to the ISS in January 2024 to expand edge HPC, AI and ML experiments. An ISS-hosted computer benefits from station support; it is not equivalent to an autonomous free-flying hyperscale facility.","claim_boundary":"in orbit experimental program. SpaceX role: Falcon 9 launch provider for the Northrop Grumman resupply mission.","concepts":["orbital compute","physical infrastructure"],"contributors":[],"date_note":"","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-e0ddeb71766a19","institutions":["Hewlett Packard Enterprise","NASA","International Space Station","Northrop Grumman"],"kind":"project","lens_tags":["builders"],"source_urls":["https://www.hpe.com/us/en/newsroom/press-release/2024/01/hpe-spaceborne-computer-2-returns-to-the-international-space-station.html"],"title":"HPE Spaceborne Computer-2","url":"https://www.hpe.com/us/en/newsroom/press-release/2024/01/hpe-spaceborne-computer-2-returns-to-the-international-space-station.html","year":"2024-01-30"},{"claim":"Axiom reports an ISS AxDCU-1 prototype in 2025 and two dedicated LEO nodes launched January 11, 2026. Its larger optically connected ISS node was announced for 2027; that is a future plan, not a completed deployment. The current project page does not independently establish service capacity or utilization.","claim_boundary":"initial nodes launched company report. SpaceX role: Do not infer operator status from launch arrangements.","concepts":["orbital compute","physical infrastructure"],"contributors":[],"date_note":"","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-6707e327902d76","institutions":["Axiom Space","Red Hat","Spacebilt","Skyloom","Phison Electronics","Microchip Technology"],"kind":"project","lens_tags":["builders"],"source_urls":["https://www.axiomspace.com/orbital-data-center","https://axiomspace.com/release/axiom-space-spacebilt-announce-orbital-data-center-node"],"title":"Axiom Orbital Data Centers","url":"https://www.axiomspace.com/orbital-data-center","year":"2026-01-11"},{"claim":"Kepler announced commissioning of distributed onboard computing across 10 optically interconnected Tranche 1 satellites, integrating accelerated edge processing with data relay. Its 'first' and commercial-operation descriptions are company claims; this is not evidence of terrestrial-hyperscale training capacity.","claim_boundary":"operational company report. SpaceX role: No operator role established by this source.","concepts":["orbital compute","physical infrastructure"],"contributors":[],"date_note":"","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-14edef0ce8ffb9","institutions":["Kepler Communications","NVIDIA"],"kind":"project","lens_tags":["builders"],"source_urls":["https://kepler.space/kepler-deploys-first-space-based-scalable-cloud-infrastructure-powered-by-nvidia/"],"title":"Kepler Tranche 1 edge-compute network","url":"https://kepler.space/kepler-deploys-first-space-based-scalable-cloud-infrastructure-powered-by-nvidia/","year":"2026-03-16"},{"claim":"Starcloud reports a November 2025 launch carrying an NVIDIA H100 and a December onboard language-model training/inference demonstration. The page inconsistently names Gemini in its prose and Gemma in an endorsement; avoid a definitive model name without stronger evidence. A single demonstration is not validation of gigawatt-scale economics.","claim_boundary":"in orbit compute demonstration company report. SpaceX role: Launch-provider relationships do not establish ownership or operation of Starcloud's compute.","concepts":["orbital compute","physical infrastructure"],"contributors":[],"date_note":"","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-91437853c2292b","institutions":["Starcloud","NVIDIA"],"kind":"project","lens_tags":["builders"],"source_urls":["https://www.starcloud.com/starcloud-1"],"title":"Starcloud-1","url":"https://www.starcloud.com/starcloud-1","year":"2025-11"},{"claim":"Google confirms a Planet-built prototype launched October 1, 2026, made contact and was operating as expected. Radiation and thermal measurements were still ahead. Its 2025 architecture research explored closely spaced TPU satellites and optical links; the proposed large-scale system is not an operational service.","claim_boundary":"prototype in orbit company confirmed. SpaceX role: Transporter-18 launch provider; Google/Planet prototype is not a SpaceX-operated data center.","concepts":["orbital compute","physical infrastructure"],"contributors":[],"date_note":"","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-9e4d0dd3f0e888","institutions":["Google Research","Planet"],"kind":"project","lens_tags":["builders"],"source_urls":["https://blog.google/innovation-and-ai/models-and-research/google-research/project-suncatcher-prototype/","https://research.google/blog/exploring-a-space-based-scalable-ai-infrastructure-system-design/"],"title":"Project Suncatcher","url":"https://blog.google/innovation-and-ai/models-and-research/google-research/project-suncatcher-prototype/","year":"2026-10-01"},{"claim":"The FCC's February 4 public notice says SpaceX sought authority for up to one million NGSO data-center satellites. Acceptance for filing is not approval or deployment. SpaceX's Starmind page describes production/deployment starting as soon as late 2027, a forward-looking company target.","claim_boundary":"proposed system regulatory application. SpaceX role: Verified applicant and proposed operator here, separately from its launch-provider roles for other projects.","concepts":["orbital compute","physical infrastructure"],"contributors":[],"date_note":"","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-4b9607ea642afd","institutions":["Space Exploration Holdings, LLC","SpaceX","Federal Communications Commission"],"kind":"project","lens_tags":["builders"],"source_urls":["https://docs.fcc.gov/public/attachments/DA-26-113A1.pdf","https://new.spacex.com/spacexai/starmind"],"title":"SpaceX Orbital Data Center system / Starmind","url":"https://docs.fcc.gov/public/attachments/DA-26-113A1.pdf","year":"2026-01-30"},{"claim":"The consortium studied environmental and technical feasibility of orbital data centers. Its favorable carbon scenario requires a launcher with tenfold lower lifecycle emissions. A one-gigawatt ambition before 2050 and financial returns are study projections, not deployed infrastructure.","claim_boundary":"feasibility study and long term proposal. SpaceX role: No direct role established.","concepts":["orbital compute","physical infrastructure"],"contributors":[],"date_note":"","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-065b0253df4a2c","institutions":["Thales Alenia Space","European Commission Horizon Europe","Carbone 4","VITO","Orange Business","CloudFerro","HPE","ArianeGroup","DLR","Airbus Defence & Space"],"kind":"study","lens_tags":["builders"],"source_urls":["https://www.thalesaleniaspace.com/en/press-releases/thales-alenia-space-reveals-results-ascend-feasibility-study-space-data-centers-0"],"title":"ASCEND feasibility study","url":"https://www.thalesaleniaspace.com/en/press-releases/thales-alenia-space-reveals-results-ascend-feasibility-study-space-data-centers-0","year":"2024-06-27"},{"claim":"Models the coupled requirements of generation, storage, heat rejection, communication, utilization and replacement. Its illustrative one-megawatt case needs 5,640 square meters of beginning-of-life solar panels and 2,500 square meters of radiators. At 40 kg/kW, its terrestrial benchmark permits $250–1,000/kg for combined spacecraft build and launch before additional penalties. These are scenario results, not universal quotes.","claim_boundary":"analytical preprint. SpaceX role: Falcon 9 public launch pricing is used as an economic benchmark, not as proof of a data-center deployment.","concepts":["orbital compute","physical infrastructure"],"contributors":[],"date_note":"","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-d1058b9116cdd2","institutions":[],"kind":"research_work","lens_tags":["builders"],"source_urls":["https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.27197"],"title":"Orbital Data Centers: Spacecraft Constraints and Economic Viability","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.27197","year":"2026-04-29"},{"claim":"Compares orbital and terrestrial costs and network topology. Its bisection-bandwidth and roofline analysis finds inference potentially feasible but frontier-scale LLM training unlikely to compete under its modeled conditions. Treat the conclusion as a research model, not a settled impossibility theorem.","claim_boundary":"analytical preprint. SpaceX role: No operating role established.","concepts":["orbital compute","physical infrastructure"],"contributors":[],"date_note":"","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-55aeb7704501d3","institutions":[],"kind":"research_work","lens_tags":["builders"],"source_urls":["https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.14172"],"title":"The Cost and Network Limits of Space-Based AI Compute","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.14172","year":"2026-07-15"},{"claim":"ESA's overview uses activity data through end-2025, excluding not-yet-launched projects. It warns that insufficient end-of-life disposal and collision fragmentation threaten sustainability and says mitigation plus active removal are needed. Distinguish measured historical activity from forward modeled collision scenarios.","claim_boundary":"observed environment and modeled projections. SpaceX role: Industry-wide context; do not assign the report's total debris findings to one company.","concepts":["orbital compute","physical infrastructure"],"contributors":[],"date_note":"","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-f5ecbe068e4960","institutions":["ESA Space Debris Office"],"kind":"institutional_report","lens_tags":["builders"],"source_urls":["https://www.esa.int/Space_Safety/Space_Debris/ESA_Space_Environment_Report_2026"],"title":"ESA Space Environment Report 2026","url":"https://www.esa.int/Space_Safety/Space_Debris/ESA_Space_Environment_Report_2026","year":"2026-09-14"},{"claim":"Connects integrated-circuit component density at minimum cost with an approximately annual doubling trend and projects continued growth.","claim_boundary":"The 1965 article is not the later two-year formulation and does not guarantee universal compute-performance doubling. ","concepts":["Moore’s law","integration density","cost per component"],"contributors":["Gordon E. Moore"],"date_note":"","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-9cc72dbe37b70b","institutions":["Fairchild Semiconductor"],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens_tags":["builders"],"source_urls":["https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~18742/papers/Moore1965.pdf"],"title":"Cramming more components onto integrated circuits","url":"https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~18742/papers/Moore1965.pdf","year":"1965-04-19"},{"claim":"Presents transistor-scaling relationships and fabricated short-channel MOSFETs using ion implantation.","claim_boundary":"Constant-field scaling depends on coordinated voltage and dimensional scaling; it is not an indefinitely valid guarantee of constant power density. ","concepts":["Dennard scaling","MOSFET","power density"],"contributors":["Robert H. Dennard","Fritz H. Gaensslen","Hwa-Nien Yu","V. Leo Rideout","Ernest Bassous","Andre R. LeBlanc"],"date_note":"","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-846bce80b0c6e6","institutions":["IBM"],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens_tags":["builders"],"source_urls":["https://research.ibm.com/publications/design-of-ion-implanted-mosfets-with-very-small-physical-dimensions"],"title":"Design of Ion-Implanted MOSFET’s With Very Small Physical Dimensions","url":"https://research.ibm.com/publications/design-of-ion-implanted-mosfets-with-very-small-physical-dimensions","year":"1974"},{"claim":"Organizes computer architecture around quantitative performance, energy, parallelism and memory-system trade-offs.","claim_boundary":"Sixth edition is explicitly selected; do not silently combine editions or infer that its examples describe current accelerators. Edition unspecified in baseline; bind the sixth edition.","concepts":["computer architecture","memory hierarchy","parallelism"],"contributors":["John L. Hennessy","David A. Patterson"],"date_note":"","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-aed67adccc79b0","institutions":["Morgan Kaufmann"],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens_tags":["builders"],"source_urls":["https://www.educate.elsevier.com/book/details/9780128119051"],"title":"Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach, Sixth Edition","url":"https://www.educate.elsevier.com/book/details/9780128119051","year":"2017-11-23"},{"claim":"Describes the CUDA programming model for scalable parallel execution on GPUs.","claim_boundary":"A programming-model paper, not evidence that every workload benefits equally from GPUs. ACM Queue 6(2), DOI 10.1145/1365490.1365500; author publication page verifies citation.","concepts":["CUDA","GPU computing","SIMT"],"contributors":["John Nickolls","Ian Buck","Michael Garland","Kevin Skadron"],"date_note":"","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-feaaf98b5a3041","institutions":["NVIDIA","University of Virginia"],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens_tags":["builders"],"source_urls":["https://mgarland.org/research.html"],"title":"Scalable Parallel Programming with CUDA","url":"https://mgarland.org/research.html","year":"2008"},{"claim":"Evaluates Google’s first-generation TPU against contemporary CPU/GPU systems on six production neural-network inference workloads.","claim_boundary":"First-generation inference ASIC and study-specific workloads; not a universal training-speed comparison. Corrected shorthand title to the identifiable ISCA 2017 paper.","concepts":["TPU","domain-specific architecture","inference"],"contributors":["Norman P. Jouppi","Cliff Young","Nishant Patil","David Patterson","et al."],"date_note":"","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-0ce11c451bfed3","institutions":["Google"],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens_tags":["builders"],"source_urls":["https://arxiv.org/abs/1704.04760"],"title":"In-Datacenter Performance Analysis of a Tensor Processing Unit","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1704.04760","year":"2017"},{"claim":"Historical account of ASML’s engineering development and organizational struggle in lithography.","claim_boundary":"The checked English volume bears 2019 copyright; 2018 launch references also exist. Preserve edition evidence rather than declaring one date universally wrong. ","concepts":["lithography","engineering organizations","semiconductor equipment"],"contributors":["René Raaijmakers"],"date_note":"","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-5885157b8960b2","institutions":["ASML","Philips","ASM International","Techwatch Books"],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens_tags":["builders"],"source_urls":["https://lab.semi.ac.cn/library/upload/files/2022/2/18154552755.pdf"],"title":"ASML’s Architects: The Story of the Engineers Who Shaped the World’s Most Powerful Chip Machines","url":"https://lab.semi.ac.cn/library/upload/files/2022/2/18154552755.pdf","year":"2019 edition"},{"claim":"Narrates Jack Kilby’s and Robert Noyce’s contributions to integrated circuits and the emergence of the chip industry.","claim_boundary":"Publisher page describes the revised 2001 edition; do not label that edition as the 1984 text. ","concepts":["integrated circuit","invention","industrial history"],"contributors":["T. R. Reid"],"date_note":"","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-1a77e6c2c4ef75","institutions":["Texas Instruments","Fairchild Semiconductor"],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens_tags":["builders"],"source_urls":["https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/140170/the-chip-by-tr-reid/"],"title":"The Chip: How Two Americans Invented the Microchip and Launched a Revolution","url":"https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/140170/the-chip-by-tr-reid/","year":"1984 original; 2001 revised edition verified"},{"claim":"Explores physical possibilities of miniaturization and manipulation at small scales.","claim_boundary":"A speculative lecture, not a demonstrated nanofabrication method or an AI scaling law. ","concepts":["miniaturization","nanotechnology","physical computation"],"contributors":["Richard P. Feynman"],"date_note":"","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-64b26f53ac6f11","institutions":["Caltech","American Physical Society"],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens_tags":["builders"],"source_urls":["https://calteches.library.caltech.edu/1976/"],"title":"There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom","url":"https://calteches.library.caltech.edu/1976/","year":"1959-12-29 lecture; 1960 publication"},{"claim":"Models resistance-switching behavior in nanoscale devices in relation to the memristor concept.","claim_boundary":"Do not conflate the 2008 device account with uncontested realization of every ideal memristor property or deployment at AI datacenter scale. ","concepts":["memristor","resistive switching","in-memory computing"],"contributors":["Dmitri B. Strukov","Gregory S. Snider","Duncan R. Stewart","R. Stanley Williams"],"date_note":"","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-f9b7ebd176cede","institutions":["HP Labs"],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens_tags":["builders"],"source_urls":["https://www.nature.com/articles/nature06932"],"title":"The missing memristor found","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/nature06932","year":"2008-05-01"},{"claim":"Sets out technology-assessment projections and challenges for continued logic and memory scaling.","claim_boundary":"A dated roadmap with assumptions and targets, not a promise that every projected node ships on schedule. Pins the broad roadmap slot to a specific edition and chapter.","concepts":["technology roadmap","More Moore","device scaling"],"contributors":["IEEE IRDS contributors"],"date_note":"","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-75331e5c44143f","institutions":["IEEE"],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens_tags":["builders"],"source_urls":["https://irds.ieee.org/images/files/pdf/2024/2024IRDS_MM.pdf"],"title":"International Roadmap for Devices and Systems: 2024 Update, More Moore","url":"https://irds.ieee.org/images/files/pdf/2024/2024IRDS_MM.pdf","year":"2024"},{"claim":"Traces the semiconductor industry’s development through economic, technological and geopolitical competition.","claim_boundary":"Historical synthesis; any current market-share or export-rule assertion needs a separately dated source. ","concepts":["semiconductor geopolitics","supply-chain concentration"],"contributors":["Chris Miller"],"date_note":"","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-b751473e785773","institutions":["TSMC","ASML","Intel","Samsung"],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens_tags":["builders"],"source_urls":["https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/Chip-War/Chris-Miller/9781982172008"],"title":"Chip War: The Fight for the World’s Most Critical Technology","url":"https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/Chip-War/Chris-Miller/9781982172008","year":"2022-10-04"},{"claim":"Explains how asymmetric network hubs can enable information-gathering and exclusion by states with jurisdiction over them.","claim_boundary":"Panopticon and chokepoint mechanisms depend on network structure and domestic institutions; not all interdependence is coercible. ","concepts":["weaponized interdependence","chokepoint effect","panopticon effect"],"contributors":["Henry Farrell","Abraham L. Newman"],"date_note":"","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-f972ca71a80467","institutions":["SWIFT"],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens_tags":["builders"],"source_urls":["https://doi.org/10.1162/isec_a_00351"],"title":"Weaponized Interdependence: How Global Economic Networks Shape State Coercion","url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/isec_a_00351","year":"2019"},{"claim":"Extends the authors’ network-power account through financial, informational and supply-chain case studies.","claim_boundary":"A separate book linked to the 2019 article; do not merge them as duplicate works. ","concepts":["network power","sanctions","infrastructure control"],"contributors":["Henry Farrell","Abraham Newman"],"date_note":"","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-250393abf603fd","institutions":["SWIFT"],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens_tags":["builders"],"source_urls":["https://us.macmillan.com/books/9781250840554/undergroundempire/"],"title":"Underground Empire: How America Weaponized the World Economy","url":"https://us.macmillan.com/books/9781250840554/undergroundempire/","year":"2023-09-12"},{"claim":"Argues that global dependence on Taiwan’s electronics industry can influence deterrence calculations.","claim_boundary":"Source is Addison’s contemporary first-person exposition; the silicon shield is an argument, not a guarantee against invasion. Book identity retained; accessible author article supplies the scoped thesis.","concepts":["silicon shield","deterrence","industrial interdependence"],"contributors":["Craig Addison"],"date_note":"","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-3fdcbf60fa987e","institutions":["Taiwan semiconductor industry"],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens_tags":["builders"],"source_urls":["https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/editorials/archives/2001/05/12/0000085421"],"title":"Silicon Shield: Taiwan’s Protection Against Chinese Attack","url":"https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/editorials/archives/2001/05/12/0000085421","year":"2001"},{"claim":"Maps semiconductor design, fabrication, equipment, materials and assembly segments and national concentrations.","claim_boundary":"The baseline’s 2020 date is corrected to January 2021; market shares are historical estimates, not live figures. ","concepts":["semiconductor value chain","supply-chain concentration","national competitiveness"],"contributors":["Saif M. Khan","Alexander Mann","Dahlia Peterson"],"date_note":"","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-b60d2593e34d6d","institutions":["CSET","Georgetown University"],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens_tags":["builders"],"source_urls":["https://cset.georgetown.edu/publication/the-semiconductor-supply-chain/"],"title":"The Semiconductor Supply Chain: Assessing National Competitiveness","url":"https://cset.georgetown.edu/publication/the-semiconductor-supply-chain/","year":"2021-01"},{"claim":"Relates changing energy systems to geopolitics, climate policy and economic power.","claim_boundary":"Broad energy context; not an AI datacenter demand model. ","concepts":["energy geopolitics","energy transition","power systems"],"contributors":["Daniel Yergin"],"date_note":"","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-f3a6256ef89d6f","institutions":[],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens_tags":["builders"],"source_urls":["https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/317939/the-new-map-by-daniel-yergin/9780698191051/"],"title":"The New Map: Energy, Climate, and the Clash of Nations","url":"https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/317939/the-new-map-by-daniel-yergin/9780698191051/","year":"2020"},{"claim":"Analyzes Chinese industry adaptation and investment responses to successive U.S. semiconductor restrictions.","claim_boundary":"Author commentary at a specific date; neither the placeholder title nor current legal rules are asserted. Replaces an unverified placeholder with an actual Triolo commentary.","concepts":["export controls","industrial adaptation","semiconductor policy"],"contributors":["Paul Triolo"],"date_note":"","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-a7289c7737759b","institutions":["CSIS"],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens_tags":["builders"],"source_urls":["https://www.csis.org/analysis/chinas-semiconductor-industry-advances-despite-us-export-controls"],"title":"China’s Semiconductor Industry Advances despite U.S. Export Controls","url":"https://www.csis.org/analysis/chinas-semiconductor-industry-advances-despite-us-export-controls","year":"2024-03-07"},{"claim":"Reports on commodity traders’ roles in moving energy, food and metals across political and financial boundaries.","claim_boundary":"Commodity-trading history and reporting, not a semiconductor bill of materials. ","concepts":["commodity trading","resource intermediation","geopolitics"],"contributors":["Javier Blas","Jack Farchy"],"date_note":"","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-8a752807bd32a4","institutions":[],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens_tags":["builders"],"source_urls":["https://www.penguin.co.uk/books/440353/the-world-for-sale-by-javier-blas-and-jack-farchy/9781847942678"],"title":"The World for Sale: Money, Power and the Traders Who Barter the Earth’s Resources","url":"https://www.penguin.co.uk/books/440353/the-world-for-sale-by-javier-blas-and-jack-farchy/9781847942678","year":"2021; linked paperback 2022"},{"claim":"Examines U.S. semiconductor industrial-policy and reshoring initiatives through techno-nationalism.","claim_boundary":"A dated policy analysis with a stated framework, not a generic title authored by Various. Original Hinrich report hosted by WITA.","concepts":["techno-nationalism","reshoring","industrial policy"],"contributors":["Alex Capri"],"date_note":"","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-024a7abdc913c8","institutions":["Hinrich Foundation"],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens_tags":["builders"],"source_urls":["https://www.wita.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Techno-nationalism-via-semiconductors-Hinrich-Foundation-white-paper-Alex-Capri-June-2021.pdf"],"title":"Techno-Nationalism via Semiconductors: Can Chip Manufacturing Return to America?","url":"https://www.wita.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Techno-nationalism-via-semiconductors-Hinrich-Foundation-white-paper-Alex-Capri-June-2021.pdf","year":"2021-06"},{"claim":"Treats the datacenter as an integrated computer spanning servers, networking, storage, power and cooling.","claim_boundary":"Third edition; its systems perspective applies beyond AI, and hardware examples are time-specific. ","concepts":["warehouse-scale computing","datacenter architecture","total cost of ownership"],"contributors":["Luiz André Barroso","Urs Hölzle","Parthasarathy Ranganathan"],"date_note":"","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-7144ab62178d1d","institutions":["Google"],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens_tags":["builders"],"source_urls":["https://research.google/pubs/the-datacenter-as-a-computer-designing-warehouse-scale-machines/"],"title":"The Datacenter as a Computer: Designing Warehouse-Scale Machines, Third Edition","url":"https://research.google/pubs/the-datacenter-as-a-computer-designing-warehouse-scale-machines/","year":"2018"},{"claim":"Introduces warehouse-scale computer design as a system-level discipline rather than isolated server design.","claim_boundary":"Earlier edition of the work in slot 21, not an independently verified book titled Warehouse-Scale Computing. Link as edition_of the same canonical work family as slot 21; retain historical edition separately.","concepts":["warehouse-scale computing","datacenter architecture"],"contributors":["Luiz André Barroso","Urs Hölzle"],"date_note":"","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-25e4c8b4556f0e","institutions":["Google"],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens_tags":["builders"],"source_urls":["https://research.google.com/pubs/pub35290.html?hl=ar"],"title":"The Datacenter as a Computer: An Introduction to the Design of Warehouse-Scale Machines","url":"https://research.google.com/pubs/pub35290.html?hl=ar","year":"2009"},{"claim":"Reports from the physical sites, exchanges and cable routes supporting the Internet.","claim_boundary":"A reported journey through infrastructure; not a complete global network inventory. ","concepts":["Internet infrastructure","Internet exchanges","fiber optics"],"contributors":["Andrew Blum"],"date_note":"","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-4dfd4d678886ad","institutions":[],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens_tags":["builders"],"source_urls":["https://books.google.com/books/about/Tubes.html?id=g0sOC4JDOM8C"],"title":"Tubes: A Journey to the Center of the Internet","url":"https://books.google.com/books/about/Tubes.html?id=g0sOC4JDOM8C","year":"2012-05-29"},{"claim":"Examines submarine cables and landing sites through cultural, geographic, historical and environmental analysis.","claim_boundary":"Transoceanic traffic should not be confused with all Internet traffic; retain the work’s regional and ethnographic scope. ","concepts":["submarine cables","landing stations","material media"],"contributors":["Nicole Starosielski"],"date_note":"","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-0c09800534f3d0","institutions":[],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens_tags":["builders"],"source_urls":["https://www.dukeupress.edu/the-undersea-network"],"title":"The Undersea Network","url":"https://www.dukeupress.edu/the-undersea-network","year":"2015-03"},{"claim":"Studies temperature as a material and cultural condition of media, including systems of thermal management.","claim_boundary":"An actual representative book; it is not titled The Cloud Is Material and is broader than datacenter cooling. Do not create the placeholder as a real publication.","concepts":["thermal media","materiality","cooling"],"contributors":["Nicole Starosielski"],"date_note":"","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-47467199a0c7ce","institutions":[],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens_tags":["builders"],"source_urls":["https://dukeupress.edu/media-hot-and-cold"],"title":"Media Hot and Cold","url":"https://dukeupress.edu/media-hot-and-cold","year":"2021"},{"claim":"Collects engineering guidance for datacenter planning, design, construction and operation.","claim_boundary":"Edited handbook; individual chapter claims should be credited to their chapter authors. Second edition explicitly selected.","concepts":["datacenter engineering","reliability","operations"],"contributors":["Hwaiyu Geng (editor)"],"date_note":"","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-8a0b70f61656da","institutions":["Wiley"],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens_tags":["builders"],"source_urls":["https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9781119597537"],"title":"Data Center Handbook: Plan, Design, Build, and Operations of a Smart Data Center, Second Edition","url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9781119597537","year":"2021"},{"claim":"Provides a specific engineering-guidance reference for liquid-cooled datacom equipment and facility interfaces.","claim_boundary":"Edition verified through official errata; do not present it as the current standard or merge it with Thermal Guidelines. Broad slot bound to 2013 second edition; technical detail should be checked in the handbook before design use.","concepts":["liquid cooling","thermal management","cooling distribution"],"contributors":["ASHRAE"],"date_note":"","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-16ac3b983516a6","institutions":["ASHRAE"],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens_tags":["builders"],"source_urls":["https://www.ashrae.org/File%20Library/Technical%20Resources/Publication%20Errata%20and%20Updates/Errata_LiquidCooling-Guidelines2ndEd.pdf"],"title":"Liquid Cooling Guidelines for Datacom Equipment Centers, Second Edition","url":"https://www.ashrae.org/File%20Library/Technical%20Resources/Publication%20Errata%20and%20Updates/Errata_LiquidCooling-Guidelines2ndEd.pdf","year":"2013; errata 2014"},{"claim":"Models an increase in U.S. electricity demand associated with datacenter growth and AI adoption.","claim_boundary":"Forecast vintage April 2024; predictions are scenarios, not measured outcomes. Distinguish U.S. demand from global datacenter forecasts. ","concepts":["electricity demand","datacenter investment","forecast uncertainty"],"contributors":["Goldman Sachs Research"],"date_note":"","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-84886b03b985d3","institutions":["Goldman Sachs Research"],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens_tags":["builders"],"source_urls":["https://www.goldmansachs.com/pdfs/insights/pages/generational-growth-ai-data-centers-and-the-coming-us-power-surge/report.pdf"],"title":"Generational Growth: AI, Data Centers and the Coming US Power Surge","url":"https://www.goldmansachs.com/pdfs/insights/pages/generational-growth-ai-data-centers-and-the-coming-us-power-surge/report.pdf","year":"2024-04-28"},{"claim":"Develops a historical account of information industries moving between openness and concentrated control.","claim_boundary":"The cycle is an interpretive framework; applying it to AI infrastructure is an Atlas connection, not a claim the 2010 book studied generative AI. ","concepts":["information empires","concentration","openness"],"contributors":["Tim Wu"],"date_note":"","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-c842dcfddc3ca5","institutions":[],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens_tags":["builders"],"source_urls":["https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/194417/the-master-switch-by-tim-wu/"],"title":"The Master Switch: The Rise and Fall of Information Empires","url":"https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/194417/the-master-switch-by-tim-wu/","year":"2010-11-02"},{"claim":"Estimates training energy and emissions for selected NLP workloads and discusses financial and environmental barriers.","claim_boundary":"The widely repeated car-lifetime comparison concerns a particular neural architecture search estimate and energy assumptions, not every model training run or query. ","concepts":["training energy","neural architecture search","carbon accounting"],"contributors":["Emma Strubell","Ananya Ganesh","Andrew McCallum"],"date_note":"","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-c053f27a8c6617","institutions":["University of Massachusetts Amherst"],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens_tags":["builders"],"source_urls":["https://aclanthology.org/P19-1355/"],"title":"Energy and Policy Considerations for Deep Learning in NLP","url":"https://aclanthology.org/P19-1355/","year":"2019"},{"claim":"Models direct cooling-water consumption and indirect electricity-related water use for AI workloads.","claim_boundary":"Water estimates depend on location, time, cooling system, electricity mix and model. A bottle-of-water analogy is a conditional scenario, not a universal per-query measurement. ","concepts":["water consumption","water withdrawal","spatiotemporal variation"],"contributors":["Pengfei Li","Jianyi Yang","Mohammad A. Islam","Shaolei Ren"],"date_note":"","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-deba944990963a","institutions":[],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens_tags":["builders"],"source_urls":["https://arxiv.org/abs/2304.03271"],"title":"Making AI Less \"Thirsty\": Uncovering and Addressing the Secret Water Footprint of AI Models","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2304.03271","year":"2023 preprint"},{"claim":"Analyzes AI’s operational and manufacturing carbon footprints across data, algorithms and hardware lifecycles.","claim_boundary":"Correct author is Wu et al., not Patterson. Industrial case studies do not establish a uniform embodied-carbon share for all AI. Corrects title and attribution rather than inventing the requested shorthand.","concepts":["sustainable AI","embodied emissions","lifecycle analysis"],"contributors":["Carole-Jean Wu","Ramya Raghavendra","Udit Gupta","et al."],"date_note":"","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-c0ff90c29bb833","institutions":["Meta"],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens_tags":["builders"],"source_urls":["https://arxiv.org/abs/2111.00364"],"title":"Sustainable AI: Environmental Implications, Challenges and Opportunities","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2111.00364","year":"2021 preprint; 2022 MLSys"},{"claim":"Argues that efficient models, specialized hardware, datacenters and cleaner electricity can constrain training emissions.","claim_boundary":"A conditional projection supported by selected historical examples; not proof that total AI emissions or inference emissions are already falling. ","concepts":["training carbon","efficiency","clean electricity"],"contributors":["David Patterson","Joseph Gonzalez","Urs Hölzle","Quoc Le","Chen Liang","Lluis-Miquel Munguia","Daniel Rothchild","David So","Maud Texier","Jeff Dean"],"date_note":"","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-e2e0af973fd1d6","institutions":["Google"],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens_tags":["builders"],"source_urls":["https://arxiv.org/abs/2204.05149"],"title":"The Carbon Footprint of Machine Learning Training Will Plateau, Then Shrink","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2204.05149","year":"2022"},{"claim":"Announces research support connecting advanced-reactor concepts and datacenter deployment studies.","claim_boundary":"Vouchers, feasibility work and announcements are not commissioned reactors or delivered power. Microreactors and SMRs are related but not identical categories. Specific dated DOE announcement replaces the broad report label.","concepts":["nuclear power","microreactors","deployment readiness"],"contributors":["U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Energy"],"date_note":"","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-50bba2eaf0633b","institutions":["U.S. Department of Energy","Idaho National Laboratory"],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens_tags":["builders"],"source_urls":["https://www.energy.gov/ne/articles/4-gain-vouchers-awarded-advance-data-center-microreactor-deployment"],"title":"4 GAIN Vouchers Awarded to Advance Data Center, Microreactor Deployment","url":"https://www.energy.gov/ne/articles/4-gain-vouchers-awarded-advance-data-center-microreactor-deployment","year":"2024-09-24"},{"claim":"Calls attention to environmental reporting gaps and the need for public oversight of generative AI’s resource costs.","claim_boundary":"Nature World View opinion, not an original measurement paper or unsigned editorial. Quantitative claims should link to underlying studies. Binds vague Nature slot to a named author, date and article type.","concepts":["environmental transparency","AI governance","resource demand"],"contributors":["Kate Crawford"],"date_note":"","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-8073ffa1f2b44d","institutions":["USC Annenberg","Microsoft Research"],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens_tags":["builders"],"source_urls":["https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-00478-x"],"title":"Generative AI’s environmental costs are soaring — and mostly secret","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-00478-x","year":"2024-02-20"},{"claim":"Supplies a global water-risk framework suitable for contextualizing infrastructure siting and local water exposure.","claim_boundary":"Aqueduct is not itself an AI/datacenter water-use inventory. A site-level claim needs facility coordinates, water use and appropriate geographic/time matching. No exact WRI datacenter report identified; explicitly binds to the foundational risk dataset methodology.","concepts":["water stress","siting","hydrological risk"],"contributors":["World Resources Institute research team"],"date_note":"","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-8f7eb86e2d8f64","institutions":["World Resources Institute"],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens_tags":["builders"],"source_urls":["https://www.wri.org/research/aqueduct-40-updated-decision-relevant-global-water-risk-indicators"],"title":"Aqueduct 4.0: Updated Decision-Relevant Global Water Risk Indicators","url":"https://www.wri.org/research/aqueduct-40-updated-decision-relevant-global-water-risk-indicators","year":"2023-08-16"},{"claim":"Reports on battery-material supply chains, extraction and the firms competing in the energy transition.","claim_boundary":"Battery and clean-energy context; AI-specific demand is not established by this book. ","concepts":["battery materials","energy transition","mining"],"contributors":["Henry Sanderson"],"date_note":"","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-fdf0d0e4f0373c","institutions":[],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens_tags":["builders"],"source_urls":["https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/Volt-Rush/Henry-Sanderson/9780861543755"],"title":"Volt Rush: The Winners and Losers in the Race to Go Green","url":"https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/Volt-Rush/Henry-Sanderson/9780861543755","year":"2022"},{"claim":"Reports global e-waste generation, documented collection/recycling and policy coverage, including 2022 estimates.","claim_boundary":"All electronic waste, not AI-only waste; report year and measurement year differ. 2024 edition selected.","concepts":["electronic waste","recycling","circular economy"],"contributors":["Cornelis P. Baldé","Ruediger Kuehr","Tales Yamamoto","et al."],"date_note":"","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-9876a41f6314a0","institutions":["UNITAR","ITU"],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens_tags":["builders"],"source_urls":["https://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-d/opb/gen/D-GEN-E_WASTE.01-2024-PDF-E.pdf"],"title":"The Global E-waste Monitor 2024","url":"https://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-d/opb/gen/D-GEN-E_WASTE.01-2024-PDF-E.pdf","year":"2024"},{"claim":"Connects computing’s environmental footprint to hardware manufacturing and lifecycle accounting as well as operating electricity.","claim_boundary":"Embodied-versus-operational proportions vary by device, lifetime, utilization and grid; avoid a universal majority claim. Actual IEEE Micro paper, DOI 10.1109/MM.2022.3163226; distinguish from 2021 conference version.","concepts":["embodied carbon","lifecycle accounting","hardware manufacturing"],"contributors":["Udit Gupta","Young Geun Kim","Sylvia Lee","Jordan Tse","et al."],"date_note":"","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-9089cd427b95d4","institutions":[],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens_tags":["builders"],"source_urls":["https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10147559/1/Chasing_Carbon_The_Elusive_Environmental_Footprint_of_Computing.pdf"],"title":"Chasing Carbon: The Elusive Environmental Footprint of Computing","url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10147559/1/Chasing_Carbon_The_Elusive_Environmental_Footprint_of_Computing.pdf","year":"2022 IEEE Micro version"},{"claim":"Follows sand, salt, iron, copper, oil and lithium through extraction and industrial transformation.","claim_boundary":"A material-economy narrative; AI infrastructure connections should identify the relevant material rather than claim the book is an AI supply-chain study. ","concepts":["material economy","industrial processing","resource dependencies"],"contributors":["Ed Conway"],"date_note":"","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-724061ab76d334","institutions":[],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens_tags":["builders"],"source_urls":["https://www.edmundconway.com/books/"],"title":"Material World: The Six Raw Materials That Shape Modern Civilization","url":"https://www.edmundconway.com/books/","year":"2023"},{"claim":"Examines sand’s roles in construction, glass and high-technology materials and the consequences of extraction.","claim_boundary":"Ordinary construction sand, silica feedstocks and semiconductor-grade silicon have different specifications and supply chains. ","concepts":["sand","silica","material processing"],"contributors":["Vince Beiser"],"date_note":"","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-86c995eebb4101","institutions":[],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens_tags":["builders"],"source_urls":["https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/537681/the-world-in-a-grain-by-vince-beiser/"],"title":"The World in a Grain: The Story of Sand and How It Transformed Civilization","url":"https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/537681/the-world-in-a-grain-by-vince-beiser/","year":"2018"},{"claim":"Investigates labor and human harms in Democratic Republic of the Congo cobalt extraction.","claim_boundary":"Battery chemistries vary: LFP contains no cobalt. Do not assert that every datacenter battery or all AI hardware depends on cobalt. ","concepts":["cobalt","labor conditions","battery supply chains"],"contributors":["Siddharth Kara"],"date_note":"","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-905fdd5a974d21","institutions":["Democratic Republic of the Congo mining sector"],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens_tags":["builders"],"source_urls":["https://us.macmillan.com/books/9781250284297/cobaltred/"],"title":"Cobalt Red: How the Blood of the Congo Powers Our Lives","url":"https://us.macmillan.com/books/9781250284297/cobaltred/","year":"2023"},{"claim":"Assesses mineral requirements and supply risks for different clean-energy technology and policy scenarios.","claim_boundary":"Scenario-based clean-energy analysis; does not isolate AI demand. Separate mining, refining and manufacturing concentrations. ","concepts":["critical minerals","mineral intensity","supply concentration"],"contributors":["International Energy Agency"],"date_note":"","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-51fe5ffa307cdd","institutions":["International Energy Agency"],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens_tags":["builders"],"source_urls":["https://www.iea.org/reports/the-role-of-critical-minerals-in-clean-energy-transitions"],"title":"The Role of Critical Minerals in Clean Energy Transitions","url":"https://www.iea.org/reports/the-role-of-critical-minerals-in-clean-energy-transitions","year":"2021-05"},{"claim":"Demonstrates a programmable nanophotonic processor for optical neural-network computations.","claim_boundary":"Laboratory demonstration; system-level energy and speed claims must include electronics, conversion, memory and control overheads. Specific peer-reviewed paper replaces a topic heading.","concepts":["silicon photonics","optical matrix multiplication","optical neural networks"],"contributors":["Yichen Shen","Nicholas C. Harris","Scott Skirlo","et al."],"date_note":"","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-c5cdd9d18f2b5b","institutions":["MIT"],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens_tags":["builders"],"source_urls":["https://www.nature.com/articles/nphoton.2017.93"],"title":"Deep learning with coherent nanophotonic circuits","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/nphoton.2017.93","year":"2017"},{"claim":"Provides commodity-specific production, trade and uses data for rare earths and separate semiconductor-relevant materials.","claim_boundary":"Gallium and germanium are not rare-earth elements. Critical mineral is a policy category, distinct from chemical classification. One edition with distinct chapter-level bindings; do not merge commodities.","concepts":["rare-earth elements","gallium","germanium","commodity classification"],"contributors":["U.S. Geological Survey"],"date_note":"","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-a61b7b20a49c9c","institutions":["U.S. Geological Survey"],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens_tags":["builders"],"source_urls":["https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2024/mcs2024.pdf"],"title":"Mineral Commodity Summaries 2024: Rare Earths, Gallium and Germanium chapters","url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2024/mcs2024.pdf","year":"2024"},{"claim":"Examines copper supply/demand prospects and the role of copper in power networks and datacenters.","claim_boundary":"Forecasts depend on scenarios and project pipelines; AI demand is a component, not evidence of indefinitely exponential total copper demand. Specific report chosen rather than an invented copper/AI title.","concepts":["copper","electrification","datacenter power","supply outlook"],"contributors":["International Energy Agency"],"date_note":"","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-e9710fffc9b187","institutions":["International Energy Agency"],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens_tags":["builders"],"source_urls":["https://www.iea.org/reports/global-critical-minerals-outlook-2025"],"title":"Global Critical Minerals Outlook 2025","url":"https://www.iea.org/reports/global-critical-minerals-outlook-2025","year":"2025"},{"claim":"Reviews physical switching mechanisms and device requirements for memory and processing-in-memory, including neuromorphic uses.","claim_boundary":"A review of opportunities and integration challenges, not proof of mature replacements for all CMOS/GPU computing. Actual Nature Reviews Materials article selected.","concepts":["resistive materials","neuromorphic computing","processing in memory"],"contributors":["Zhongrui Wang","Huaqiang Wu","Geoffrey W. Burr","Cheol Seong Hwang","Kang L. Wang","Qiangfei Xia","J. Joshua Yang"],"date_note":"","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-51c30e35b2d14d","institutions":[],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens_tags":["builders"],"source_urls":["https://www.nature.com/articles/s41578-019-0159-3"],"title":"Resistive switching materials for information processing","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41578-019-0159-3","year":"2020-01-13"},{"claim":"Describes reduction of neon-buffer-gas consumption in ArF excimer light sources used for DUV lithography.","claim_boundary":"Do not describe all lithography as helium-neon lasers: ArF/KrF excimer DUV sources differ from tin-plasma EUV sources driven by CO2 lasers. Helium requires its own supply reference. Neon paper is one work within a proceedings bundle; companion sources below cover helium and EUV distinctions.","concepts":["neon","excimer lasers","DUV lithography","gas recycling"],"contributors":["Cymer research team"],"date_note":"","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-3b9943c64e39b2","institutions":["Cymer","ASML"],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens_tags":["builders"],"source_urls":["https://www.cymer.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Cymer_SPIE_AdvancedLithography_2016.pdf"],"title":"Neon Reduction Program on Cymer ArF Light Sources","url":"https://www.cymer.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Cymer_SPIE_AdvancedLithography_2016.pdf","year":"2016"},{"claim":"Explains why compute’s detectability, excludability, quantifiability and concentrated supply chain can enable governance interventions.","claim_boundary":"Policy proposals differ in readiness and entail privacy, economic and centralization risks. Do not attribute an unidentified report to FHI. Actual multi-author report replaces unverifiable Oxford/FHI shorthand.","concepts":["compute governance","supply-chain chokepoints","access control"],"contributors":["Girish Sastry","Lennart Heim","Haydn Belfield","Markus Anderljung","Miles Brundage","et al."],"date_note":"","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-coverage-b582bcfc753f00","institutions":["Centre for the Governance of AI"],"kind":"material_infrastructure_work","lens_tags":["builders"],"source_urls":["https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.08797"],"title":"Computing Power and the Governance of Artificial Intelligence","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.08797","year":"2024-02-13"},{"claim":"AI competition, trust and frontier-model business developments","claim_boundary":"Participant credit establishes named conversation participation; remarks, agreement, endorsement and causal influence have not been reviewed.","contributors":["Peter Diamandis","Emad Mostaque","Salim Ismail","David Blundin","Alexander Wissner-Gross"],"date_note":"Date shown on publisher catalog, not independently verified publication or recording date. No aggregator chronology relied upon.","dated":false,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-moonshots-ep-214","kind":"Podcast conversation","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["conversations"],"source_access_basis":"Publisher episode pages and embedded Spotify identities inspected","source_urls":["https://www.diamandis.com/podcast/us-china-ai-race-trust-gpt-5-2","https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zGD5mv-XKU0"],"title":"Moonshots #214 · US vs. China: Why Trust Will Win the AI Race | GPT-5.2 & Anthropic IPO","url":"https://www.diamandis.com/podcast/us-china-ai-race-trust-gpt-5-2","year":"2025-12-09"},{"claim":"possible effects of artificial superintelligence","claim_boundary":"Participant credit establishes named conversation participation; remarks, agreement, endorsement and causal influence have not been reviewed.","contributors":["Peter Diamandis","Fei-Fei Li","Eric Schmidt"],"date_note":"Date shown on publisher catalog, not independently verified publication or recording date. No aggregator chronology relied upon.","dated":false,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-moonshots-ep-206","kind":"Podcast conversation","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["conversations"],"source_access_basis":"Publisher episode pages and embedded Spotify identities inspected","source_urls":["https://www.diamandis.com/podcast/artificial-superintelligence-impact-on-life","https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rFomaqO2SD4"],"title":"Moonshots #206 · How Life Changes When We Reach Artificial Superintelligence","url":"https://www.diamandis.com/podcast/artificial-superintelligence-impact-on-life","year":"2025-11-07"},{"claim":"AI-assisted coding and software development","claim_boundary":"Participant credit establishes named conversation participation; remarks, agreement, endorsement and causal influence have not been reviewed.","contributors":["Peter Diamandis","Amjad Masad","David Blundin","Salim Ismail"],"date_note":"Date shown on publisher catalog, not independently verified publication or recording date. No aggregator chronology relied upon.","dated":false,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-moonshots-ep-196","kind":"Podcast conversation","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["conversations"],"source_access_basis":"Publisher episode pages and embedded Spotify identities inspected","source_urls":["https://www.diamandis.com/podcast/amjad-masad-dave-blundin-salim-ismail","https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T9rukIoXxgw"],"title":"Moonshots #196 · Replit CEO on Vibe Coding and the Future of Software Development","url":"https://www.diamandis.com/podcast/amjad-masad-dave-blundin-salim-ismail","year":"2025-09-23"},{"claim":"AI and employment","claim_boundary":"Participant credit establishes named conversation participation; remarks, agreement, endorsement and causal influence have not been reviewed.","contributors":["Peter Diamandis","Reid Hoffman","David Blundin","Salim Ismail","Alexander Wissner-Gross"],"date_note":"Date shown on publisher catalog, not independently verified publication or recording date. No aggregator chronology relied upon.","dated":false,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-moonshots-ep-194","kind":"Podcast conversation","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["conversations"],"source_access_basis":"Publisher episode pages and embedded Spotify identities inspected","source_urls":["https://www.diamandis.com/podcast/reid-hoffman-dave-salim-awg","https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mbbG0RSkpFw"],"title":"Moonshots #194 · LinkedIn Co-Founder Opens Up on AI Job Loss","url":"https://www.diamandis.com/podcast/reid-hoffman-dave-salim-awg","year":"2025-09-17"},{"claim":"Kurzweil-associated AGI and human-machine integration scenarios","claim_boundary":"Participant credit establishes named conversation participation; remarks, agreement, endorsement and causal influence have not been reviewed.","contributors":["Peter Diamandis","Ray Kurzweil"],"date_note":"Date shown on publisher catalog, not independently verified publication or recording date. No aggregator chronology relied upon.","dated":false,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-moonshots-ep-223","kind":"Podcast conversation","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["conversations"],"source_access_basis":"Publisher episode pages and embedded Spotify identities inspected","source_urls":["https://www.diamandis.com/podcast/singularity-countdown-agi-2029-ray-kurzweil","https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8iWSNwIRazc"],"title":"Moonshots #223 · The Singularity Countdown: AGI by 2029, Humans Merge with AI, and Intelligence Multiplies 1000x","url":"https://www.diamandis.com/podcast/singularity-countdown-agi-2029-ray-kurzweil","year":"2026-01-20"},{"claim":"AGI and its possible social effects","claim_boundary":"Participant credit establishes named conversation participation; remarks, agreement, endorsement and causal influence have not been reviewed.","contributors":["Peter Diamandis","Jack Hidary","Salim Ismail","David Blundin"],"date_note":"Date shown on publisher catalog, not independently verified publication or recording date. No aggregator chronology relied upon.","dated":false,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-moonshots-ep-213","kind":"Podcast conversation","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["conversations"],"source_access_basis":"Publisher episode pages and embedded Spotify identities inspected","source_urls":["https://www.diamandis.com/podcast/unlocking-agi-how-life-changes","https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QHyHENuIfcc"],"title":"Moonshots #213 · Unlocking AGI: How Life Changes for Everyone","url":"https://www.diamandis.com/podcast/unlocking-agi-how-life-changes","year":"2025-12-06"},{"authors_complete":true,"claim":"Historical analysis separates three eras of training-compute scaling using a curated set of notable ML systems.","claim_boundary":"Selection, estimation and era definitions constrain inference; descriptive historical trends are not laws of future scaling.","contributors":["Sevilla, Jaime","Heim, Lennart","Ho, Anson","Besiroglu, Tamay","Hobbhahn, Marius","Villalobos, Pablo"],"date_note":"Primary source date; arXiv first submission where applicable.","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-clearance-a9007e0713dc6b","kind":"Research publication","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"source_access_basis":"Primary author / publisher / institutional page and byline inspected 2026-10-04","source_urls":["https://arxiv.org/abs/2202.05924"],"title":"Compute Trends Across Three Eras of Machine Learning","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2202.05924","year":"2022/02/11"},{"authors_complete":true,"claim":"A controlled programming-task study estimates effects of GitHub Copilot access on completion time.","claim_boundary":"One bounded experimental task and recruited population; no universal productivity or net employment claim.","contributors":["Peng, Sida","Kalliamvakou, Eirini","Cihon, Peter","Demirer, Mert"],"date_note":"Primary source date; arXiv first submission where applicable.","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-clearance-91504475a74ead","kind":"Research publication","lens":"economic","lens_tags":["economic"],"source_access_basis":"Primary author / publisher / institutional page and byline inspected 2026-10-04","source_urls":["https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.06590"],"title":"The Impact of AI on Developer Productivity: Evidence from GitHub Copilot","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.06590","year":"2023/02/13"},{"authors_complete":false,"claim":"Technical report describes the named DeepSeek model, training design and reported evaluations.","claim_boundary":"Report-level method and benchmark claims; individual leadership is not sole authorship. Full PDF author-list and contribution-role reconciliation remains incomplete.","contributors":["DeepSeek-AI","Guo, Daya","Yang, Dejian","Zhang, Haowei","Song, Junxiao","Wang, Peiyi","Zhu, Qihao","Xu, Runxin","Zhang, Ruoyu","Ma, Shirong","Bi, Xiao","Zhang, Xiaokang","Yu, Xingkai","Wu, Yu","Wu, Z. F.","Gou, Zhibin","Shao, Zhihong","Li, Zhuoshu","Gao, Ziyi","Liu, Aixin","Xue, Bing","Wang, Bingxuan","Wu, Bochao","Feng, Bei","Lu, Chengda","Zhao, Chenggang","Deng, Chengqi","Zhang, Chenyu","Ruan, Chong","Dai, Damai","Chen, Deli","Ji, Dongjie","Li, Erhang","Lin, Fangyun","Dai, Fucong","Luo, Fuli","Hao, Guangbo","Chen, Guanting","Li, Guowei","Zhang, H.","Bao, Han","Xu, Hanwei","Wang, Haocheng","Ding, Honghui","Xin, Huajian","Gao, Huazuo","Qu, Hui","Li, Hui","Guo, Jianzhong","Li, Jiashi","Wang, Jiawei","Chen, Jingchang","Yuan, Jingyang","Qiu, Junjie","Li, Junlong","Cai, J. L.","Ni, Jiaqi","Liang, Jian","Chen, Jin","Dong, Kai","Hu, Kai","Gao, Kaige","Guan, Kang","Huang, Kexin","Yu, Kuai","Wang, Lean","Zhang, Lecong","Zhao, Liang","Wang, Litong","Zhang, Liyue","Xu, Lei","Xia, Leyi","Zhang, Mingchuan","Zhang, Minghua","Tang, Minghui","Li, Meng","Wang, Miaojun","Li, Mingming","Tian, Ning","Huang, Panpan","Zhang, Peng","Wang, Qiancheng","Chen, Qinyu","Du, Qiushi","Ge, Ruiqi","Zhang, Ruisong","Pan, Ruizhe","Wang, Runji","Chen, R. J.","Jin, R. L.","Chen, Ruyi","Lu, Shanghao","Zhou, Shangyan","Chen, Shanhuang","Ye, Shengfeng","Wang, Shiyu","Yu, Shuiping","Zhou, Shunfeng","Pan, Shuting","Li, S. S.","Zhou, Shuang","Wu, Shaoqing","Ye, Shengfeng","Yun, Tao","Pei, Tian","Sun, Tianyu","Wang, T.","Zeng, Wangding","Zhao, Wanjia","Liu, Wen","Liang, Wenfeng","Gao, Wenjun","Yu, Wenqin","Zhang, Wentao","Xiao, W. 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X.","Zhang, Yang","Xu, Yanhong","Xu, Yanhong","Huang, Yanping","Li, Yao","Zhao, Yao","Sun, Yaofeng","Li, Yaohui","Wang, Yaohui","Yu, Yi","Zheng, Yi","Zhang, Yichao","Shi, Yifan","Xiong, Yiliang","He, Ying","Tang, Ying","Piao, Yishi","Wang, Yisong","Tan, Yixuan","Ma, Yiyang","Liu, Yiyuan","Guo, Yongqiang","Wu, Yu","Ou, Yuan","Zhu, Yuchen","Wang, Yuduan","Gong, Yue","Zou, Yuheng","He, Yujia","Zha, Yukun","Xiong, Yunfan","Ma, Yunxian","Yan, Yuting","Luo, Yuxiang","You, Yuxiang","Liu, Yuxuan","Zhou, Yuyang","Wu, Z. F.","Ren, Z. Z.","Ren, Zehui","Sha, Zhangli","Fu, Zhe","Xu, Zhean","Huang, Zhen","Zhang, Zhen","Xie, Zhenda","Zhang, Zhengyan","Hao, Zhewen","Gou, Zhibin","Ma, Zhicheng","Yan, Zhigang","Shao, Zhihong","Xu, Zhipeng","Wu, Zhiyu","Zhang, Zhongyu","Li, Zhuoshu","Gu, Zihui","Zhu, Zijia","Liu, Zijun","Li, Zilin","Xie, Ziwei","Song, Ziyang","Gao, Ziyi","Pan, Zizheng"],"date_note":"Primary source date; arXiv first submission where applicable.","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-clearance-de539966b9f54c","kind":"Research publication","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"source_access_basis":"Primary author / publisher / institutional page and byline inspected 2026-10-04","source_urls":["https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.19437"],"title":"DeepSeek-V3 Technical Report","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.19437","year":"2024/12/27"},{"authors_complete":true,"claim":"Author-dated scenario exploring rapid AI capability development and competing outcomes.","claim_boundary":"Scenario and forecasts, not observed future outcomes or evidence of any participant endorsement.","contributors":["Daniel Kokotajlo","Scott Alexander","Thomas Larsen","Eli Lifland","Romeo Dean"],"date_note":"Primary source date; arXiv first submission where applicable.","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-clearance-c2d8873d1af197","kind":"Scenario / forecast","lens":"dreamers","lens_tags":["dreamers"],"source_access_basis":"Primary author / publisher / institutional page and byline inspected 2026-10-04","source_urls":["https://ai-2027.com/"],"title":"AI 2027","url":"https://ai-2027.com/","year":"2025-04-03"},{"authors_complete":true,"claim":"Examples distinguish satisfying an objective specification from achieving the intended outcome.","claim_boundary":"Illustrative examples and research discussion; not a quantified rate or a complete taxonomy of AI failures.","contributors":["Victoria Krakovna","Jonathan Uesato","Vladimir Mikulik","Matthew Rahtz","Tom Everitt","Ramana Kumar","Zac Kenton","Jan Leike","Shane Legg"],"date_note":"Primary source date; arXiv first submission where applicable.","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-clearance-b0f5f877785438","kind":"Research publication","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"source_access_basis":"Primary author / publisher / institutional page and byline inspected 2026-10-04","source_urls":["https://deepmind.google/blog/specification-gaming-the-flip-side-of-ai-ingenuity/"],"title":"Specification gaming: the flip side of AI ingenuity","url":"https://deepmind.google/blog/specification-gaming-the-flip-side-of-ai-ingenuity/","year":"2020-04-21"},{"bibliography":{"authors":["Oliver E. Williamson"],"doi":"10.1086/466942","title":"Transaction-Cost Economics: The Governance of Contractual Relations","year":1979},"claim":"","claim_boundary":"This resolves the supplied Various cluster as a topic, not a fabricated single work. It is not an exhaustive transaction-cost bibliography.","contributors":["Oliver E. Williamson"],"date_note":"Journal: Journal of Law and Economics. Volume: 22. Issue: 2. Pages: 233–261.","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-final-5884d9ad1a38c3","lens":"economic","source_access_basis":"Final primary research packet; exact per-source inspection scope and access history retained","source_urls":["https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-0335.1937.tb00002.x","https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/pdfplus/10.1086/466942"],"title":"Transaction-Cost Economics: The Governance of Contractual Relations","url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/466942","year":1979},{"bibliography":{"title":"Jobs lost, jobs gained: Workforce transitions in a time of automation","version":"December 2017 PDF"},"claim":"","claim_boundary":"Selected canonical anchor for umbrella topic, not evidence that no other 2017 future-of-work report exists. Scenarios must not be presented as realized outcomes. Full160-page model replication not performed.","contributors":["James Manyika","Susan Lund","Michael Chui","Jacques Bughin","Jonathan Woetzel","Parul Batra","Ryan Ko","Saurabh Sanghvi"],"date_note":"Publisher: McKinsey Global Institute. Version: December 2017 PDF.","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-final-6faf801e103e48","lens":"economic","source_access_basis":"Final primary research packet; exact per-source inspection scope and access history retained","source_urls":["https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/mckinsey/industries/public%20and%20social%20sector/our%20insights/what%20the%20future%20of%20work%20will%20mean%20for%20jobs%20skills%20and%20wages/mgi%20jobs%20lost-jobs%20gained_report_december%202017.pdf"],"title":"Jobs lost, jobs gained: Workforce transitions in a time of automation","url":"https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/mckinsey/industries/public%20and%20social%20sector/our%20insights/what%20the%20future%20of%20work%20will%20mean%20for%20jobs%20skills%20and%20wages/mgi%20jobs%20lost-jobs%20gained_report_december%202017.pdf","year":"2017-12"},{"bibliography":{"author":"John Maynard Keynes","collection":{"title":"Essays in Persuasion","year":1931},"title":"Economic Possibilities for our Grandchildren"},"claim":"Argues that productivity and capital accumulation can satisfy material needs while rapid labor-saving change causes transitional unemployment. With major qualifications about war and population, imagines reduced necessary labor, wider work-sharing and a new problem of using leisure well.","claim_boundary":"The 1930 essay, 1931 collection and later collected-edition dates are separate bibliographic events. The inspected institutional transcription is not a page-by-page collation against the two original magazine installments. No forecast success/failure score or realized 2030 outcome is inferred; the essay is conditional.","contributors":["John Maynard Keynes"],"date_note":"Original publication: Venue: The Nation and Athenaeum; Dates: 1930-10-11; 1930-10-18; Year: 1930.","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-final-76983394871ee8","lens":"economic","source_access_basis":"Final primary research packet; exact per-source inspection scope and access history retained","source_urls":["https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/collected-writings-of-john-maynard-keynes/economic-possibilities-for-our-grandchildren-1930/230A7959F87C44AC6E83E406DF126B97","https://la.utexas.edu/users/hcleaver/368/368keynesgrandchildren.html"],"title":"Economic Possibilities for our Grandchildren","url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/collected-writings-of-john-maynard-keynes/economic-possibilities-for-our-grandchildren-1930/230A7959F87C44AC6E83E406DF126B97","year":1930},{"bibliography":{"title":"The Human Use of Human Beings: Cybernetics and Society","year":1950},"claim":"Examines feedback-controlled automation as substitution for routine physical work and low-level judgment, including clerical work. Warns that profit-driven rapid adoption can disrupt employment despite potential leisure benefits, and treats human welfare and responsible communication as criteria for using machines.","claim_boundary":"Only identified front matter and automation passages were read, not every chapter. The original 1949 Reuther letter itself was not inspected: retain collection-level provenance, not an exact-date quotation or letter-specific claim. Acknowledged readers and editorial assistance in the preface are not coauthors; the 2025 introduction is a separate credit. The scan is a reproduction on a scholarly archive, not the current publisher’s server.","contributors":["Norbert Wiener"],"date_note":"Publisher: Houghton Mifflin Company. Edition: First edition, copyright 1950.","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-final-ac73752aee6448","lens":"economic","source_access_basis":"Final primary research packet; exact per-source inspection scope and access history retained","source_urls":["https://monoskop.org/images/9/90/Wiener_Norbert_The_Human_Use_of_Human_Beings_1950.pdf","https://reuther.wayne.edu/files/LP001168.pdf","https://mitpressbookstore.mit.edu/book/9780063423190"],"title":"The Human Use of Human Beings: Cybernetics and Society","url":"https://monoskop.org/images/9/90/Wiener_Norbert_The_Human_Use_of_Human_Beings_1950.pdf","year":1950},{"bibliography":{"title":"The Shape of Automation for Men and Management","year":1965},"claim":"Simon argues that automation displaces particular tasks and sectors while economic institutions and market adjustment can support aggregate employment and new consumption. The book also treats computer-assisted management decisions; only its broad decision-making topics, not a complete technical mechanism, are established here.","claim_boundary":"The 1965 book’s full text was not inspected; the main economic mechanism is grounded in Simon’s explicit 1966 explanation of it. Original book at Internet Archive is access-restricted; catalog/contents are usable but no restricted text was fetched. Do not score Simon’s income forecasts or claim automation cannot cause unemployment in all settings.","contributors":["Herbert A. Simon"],"date_note":"Publisher: Harper & Row. Edition: Original 1965 English edition.","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-final-d8ba89c5eb0a16","lens":"economic","source_access_basis":"Final primary research packet; exact per-source inspection scope and access history retained","source_urls":["https://iiif.library.cmu.edu/file/Simon_box00074_fld05904_bdl0001_doc0001/Simon_box00074_fld05904_bdl0001_doc0001.pdf","https://www.nybooks.com/articles/1966/05/26/automation-3/","https://search.worldcat.org/title/1151235040"],"title":"The Shape of Automation for Men and Management","url":"https://iiif.library.cmu.edu/file/Simon_box00074_fld05904_bdl0001_doc0001/Simon_box00074_fld05904_bdl0001_doc0001.pdf","year":1965},{"bibliography":{"title":"Computer Power and Human Reason: From Judgment to Calculation","year":1976},"claim":"Distinguishes technical calculation from the judgment needed to identify legitimate human ends and conflicts. Warns that treating moral/political disagreements as engineering problems can hide their substance and make computerizable means substitute for deliberation about values.","claim_boundary":"Only the identified four-page anthology excerpt was text-audited; no whole-book reading claimed. Anthology excerpt contains editorial ellipses and is not a collation of the original 1976 pages. A separate 1976 SIGART discussion shares the short title and credits Kuipers, McCarthy and Weizenbaum; those names must not become coauthors of this book.","contributors":["Joseph Weizenbaum"],"date_note":"Publisher: W. H. Freeman. Edition: Original English book; inspected text is an anthology excerpt, not original pagination.","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-final-f4a51e51bd5b4a","lens":"economic","source_access_basis":"Final primary research packet; exact per-source inspection scope and access history retained","source_urls":["https://www.ee.bilkent.edu.tr/~ge301/questiontech.pdf","https://news.mit.edu/2008/obit-weizenbaum-0310","https://search.worldcat.org/title/Computer-power-and-human-reason-%3A-from-judgment-to-calculation/oclc/1148583975"],"title":"Computer Power and Human Reason: From Judgment to Calculation","url":"https://www.ee.bilkent.edu.tr/~ge301/questiontech.pdf","year":1976},{"bibliography":{"doi":"10.1145/3442188.3445922","title":"On the Dangers of Stochastic Parrots: Can Language Models Be Too Big? 🦜","version":"Published conference paper; preserve this 2021 citation rather than dating it from 2020 prepublication discussion.","year":2021},"claim":"Connects scaling to environmental/resource burdens, poorly documented web-data biases, and harms when fluent generated text invites unwarranted human attribution of meaning or authority. Proposes early cost assessment, bounded dataset curation/documentation, stakeholder-sensitive design and pre-mortems instead of leaderboard-driven scaling alone.","claim_boundary":"ACM direct access returned 403; the inspected primary text is a university-hosted copy corroborated by Bender's bibliography. This is a scoped risk synthesis and research agenda, not a universal empirical theorem about every later language model. No individual division of intellectual labor or pseudonym-to-person identity merge is established here.","contributors":["Emily M. Bender","Timnit Gebru","Angelina McMillan-Major","Shmargaret Shmitchell"],"date_note":"Publisher: Association for Computing Machinery. Pages: 610–623. Version: Published conference paper; preserve this 2021 citation rather than dating it from 2020 prepublication discussion..","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-final-ebf4f14e304b71","lens":"technical","source_access_basis":"Final primary research packet; exact per-source inspection scope and access history retained","source_urls":["https://doi.org/10.1145/3442188.3445922","https://faculty.washington.edu/ebender/publications/","https://dai.fmph.uniba.sk/courses/CSCTR/materials/StochasticParrots.pdf"],"title":"On the Dangers of Stochastic Parrots: Can Language Models Be Too Big? 🦜","url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3442188.3445922","year":2021},{"bibliography":{"date":null,"title":"Information Processing Techniques Office","type":"Official institutional history / Innovation Timeline","url":"https://www.darpa.mil/about/innovation-timeline/information-processing-techniques-office"},"claim":"ARPA’s office organized and funded computing research under Licklider’s initial leadership. Project MAC is a specific supported example: sharing computational resources among interactive users and developing human–computer interaction, rather than merely speeding isolated numerical calculation.","claim_boundary":"The source pair supports 1962–1964 at year precision; exact appointment and departure days are not claimed. DARPA retrospective terminology and the 1967 personnel memorandum use different titles; both strings are preserved rather than silently equated as exact wording. Office sponsorship does not make Licklider the sole inventor or paper author of funded systems. Individual project credits require their own sources. The 2010 endpoint describes this historical office lineage only; no claim is made about present-day reuse of the IPTO name.","contributors":["DARPA"],"date_note":"","dated":false,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-final-4077b65af9ea1f","lens":"economic","source_access_basis":"Final primary research packet; exact per-source inspection scope and access history retained","source_urls":["https://www.darpa.mil/about/innovation-timeline/information-processing-techniques-office","https://cdn.libraries.mit.edu/dissemination/diponline/AC0069_NewReleases/NewsRelease_1960/AC0069_1967/AC0069_196712_006.pdf","https://www.darpa.mil/about/innovation-timeline/project-mac"],"title":"Information Processing Techniques Office","url":"https://www.darpa.mil/about/innovation-timeline/information-processing-techniques-office","year":null},{"bibliography":{"author":"Gordon S. Brown","date":"1967-12-08","title":"To Members of the Faculty: [announcement of J. C. R. Licklider’s appointment]","type":"MIT School of Engineering faculty memorandum","url":"https://cdn.libraries.mit.edu/dissemination/diponline/AC0069_NewReleases/NewsRelease_1960/AC0069_1967/AC0069_196712_006.pdf"},"claim":"ARPA’s office organized and funded computing research under Licklider’s initial leadership. Project MAC is a specific supported example: sharing computational resources among interactive users and developing human–computer interaction, rather than merely speeding isolated numerical calculation.","claim_boundary":"The source pair supports 1962–1964 at year precision; exact appointment and departure days are not claimed. DARPA retrospective terminology and the 1967 personnel memorandum use different titles; both strings are preserved rather than silently equated as exact wording. Office sponsorship does not make Licklider the sole inventor or paper author of funded systems. Individual project credits require their own sources. The 2010 endpoint describes this historical office lineage only; no claim is made about present-day reuse of the IPTO name.","contributors":["Gordon S. Brown"],"date_note":"Publication date: 1967-12-08.","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-final-126e28882744f2","lens":"economic","source_access_basis":"Final primary research packet; exact per-source inspection scope and access history retained","source_urls":["https://www.darpa.mil/about/innovation-timeline/information-processing-techniques-office","https://cdn.libraries.mit.edu/dissemination/diponline/AC0069_NewReleases/NewsRelease_1960/AC0069_1967/AC0069_196712_006.pdf","https://www.darpa.mil/about/innovation-timeline/project-mac"],"title":"To Members of the Faculty: [announcement of J. C. R. 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Office sponsorship does not make Licklider the sole inventor or paper author of funded systems. Individual project credits require their own sources. The 2010 endpoint describes this historical office lineage only; no claim is made about present-day reuse of the IPTO name.","contributors":["DARPA"],"date_note":"","dated":false,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-final-fd048cb9899a62","lens":"economic","source_access_basis":"Final primary research packet; exact per-source inspection scope and access history retained","source_urls":["https://www.darpa.mil/about/innovation-timeline/information-processing-techniques-office","https://cdn.libraries.mit.edu/dissemination/diponline/AC0069_NewReleases/NewsRelease_1960/AC0069_1967/AC0069_196712_006.pdf","https://www.darpa.mil/about/innovation-timeline/project-mac"],"title":"Project MAC","url":"https://www.darpa.mil/about/innovation-timeline/project-mac","year":null},{"bibliography":{"date":null,"title":"Grand Challenge","type":"Official institutional history / Innovation Timeline","url":"https://www.darpa.mil/about/innovation-timeline/grand-challenge"},"claim":"DARPA used a public prize and field test to mobilize multiple teams toward autonomous off-road navigation. Stanford’s winning implementation combined sensor-based perception, probabilistic state estimation, planning and feedback control; credit belongs to the collaborative vehicle team and the paper’s complete author list.","claim_boundary":"Thrun must not be credited as the author or sole creator of the DARPA Grand Challenge program. The 30-person list is complete for the cited Stanley article, not an exhaustive list of all Stanford team helpers, sponsors or competing teams. The 2005 result demonstrates performance in a bounded off-road race, not general autonomous operation in public traffic. The distinct 2007 Urban Challenge is contextual only and is not silently merged into the requested 2004/2005 binding. No quantified commercial deployment or causal economic-impact claim is inferred from DARPA’s retrospective.","contributors":["DARPA"],"date_note":"","dated":false,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-final-3f4e0e6671034e","lens":"economic","source_access_basis":"Final primary research packet; exact per-source inspection scope and access history retained","source_urls":["https://www.darpa.mil/about/innovation-timeline/grand-challenge","https://www.darpa.mil/news/2014/grand-challenge-ten-years-later","https://robots.stanford.edu/papers/thrun.stanley05.pdf","https://cs.stanford.edu/group/roadrunner/team.html","https://graphics.stanford.edu/ba-colloquium/spring07/talk6.html"],"title":"Grand Challenge","url":"https://www.darpa.mil/about/innovation-timeline/grand-challenge","year":null},{"bibliography":{"date":"2014-03-13","title":"The DARPA Grand Challenge: Ten Years Later","type":"Official retrospective","url":"https://www.darpa.mil/news/2014/grand-challenge-ten-years-later"},"claim":"DARPA used a public prize and field test to mobilize multiple teams toward autonomous off-road navigation. Stanford’s winning implementation combined sensor-based perception, probabilistic state estimation, planning and feedback control; credit belongs to the collaborative vehicle team and the paper’s complete author list.","claim_boundary":"Thrun must not be credited as the author or sole creator of the DARPA Grand Challenge program. The 30-person list is complete for the cited Stanley article, not an exhaustive list of all Stanford team helpers, sponsors or competing teams. The 2005 result demonstrates performance in a bounded off-road race, not general autonomous operation in public traffic. The distinct 2007 Urban Challenge is contextual only and is not silently merged into the requested 2004/2005 binding. No quantified commercial deployment or causal economic-impact claim is inferred from DARPA’s retrospective.","contributors":["DARPA"],"date_note":"Publication date: 2014-03-13.","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-final-eb13f5825d8c14","lens":"economic","source_access_basis":"Final primary research packet; exact per-source inspection scope and access history retained","source_urls":["https://www.darpa.mil/about/innovation-timeline/grand-challenge","https://www.darpa.mil/news/2014/grand-challenge-ten-years-later","https://robots.stanford.edu/papers/thrun.stanley05.pdf","https://cs.stanford.edu/group/roadrunner/team.html","https://graphics.stanford.edu/ba-colloquium/spring07/talk6.html"],"title":"The DARPA Grand Challenge: Ten Years Later","url":"https://www.darpa.mil/news/2014/grand-challenge-ten-years-later","year":"2014-03-13"},{"bibliography":{"authors":["Sebastian Thrun","Mike Montemerlo","Hendrik Dahlkamp","David Stavens","Andrei Aron","James Diebel","Philip Fong","John Gale","Morgan Halpenny","Gabriel Hoffmann","Kenny Lau","Celia Oakley","Mark Palatucci","Vaughan Pratt","Pascal Stang","Sven Strohband","Cedric Dupont","Lars-Erik Jendrossek","Christian Koelen","Charles Markey","Carlo Rummel","Joe van Niekerk","Eric Jensen","Philippe Alessandrini","Gary Bradski","Bob Davies","Scott Ettinger","Adrian Kaehler","Ara Nefian","Pamela Mahoney"],"doi":"10.1002/rob.20147","title":"Stanley: The Robot that Won the DARPA Grand Challenge","type":"Technical journal article describing the winning 2005 vehicle, not the entire DARPA program","url":"https://robots.stanford.edu/papers/thrun.stanley05.pdf","year":2006},"claim":"DARPA used a public prize and field test to mobilize multiple teams toward autonomous off-road navigation. Stanford’s winning implementation combined sensor-based perception, probabilistic state estimation, planning and feedback control; credit belongs to the collaborative vehicle team and the paper’s complete author list.","claim_boundary":"Thrun must not be credited as the author or sole creator of the DARPA Grand Challenge program. The 30-person list is complete for the cited Stanley article, not an exhaustive list of all Stanford team helpers, sponsors or competing teams. The 2005 result demonstrates performance in a bounded off-road race, not general autonomous operation in public traffic. The distinct 2007 Urban Challenge is contextual only and is not silently merged into the requested 2004/2005 binding. No quantified commercial deployment or causal economic-impact claim is inferred from DARPA’s retrospective.","contributors":["Sebastian Thrun","Mike Montemerlo","Hendrik Dahlkamp","David Stavens","Andrei Aron","James Diebel","Philip Fong","John Gale","Morgan Halpenny","Gabriel Hoffmann","Kenny Lau","Celia Oakley","Mark Palatucci","Vaughan Pratt","Pascal Stang","Sven Strohband","Cedric Dupont","Lars-Erik Jendrossek","Christian Koelen","Charles Markey","Carlo Rummel","Joe van Niekerk","Eric Jensen","Philippe Alessandrini","Gary Bradski","Bob Davies","Scott Ettinger","Adrian Kaehler","Ara Nefian","Pamela Mahoney"],"date_note":"Journal: Journal of Field Robotics. Volume: 23. Issue: 9. Pages: 661–692.","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-final-62570e5454810e","lens":"technical","source_access_basis":"Final primary research packet; exact per-source inspection scope and access history retained","source_urls":["https://www.darpa.mil/about/innovation-timeline/grand-challenge","https://www.darpa.mil/news/2014/grand-challenge-ten-years-later","https://robots.stanford.edu/papers/thrun.stanley05.pdf","https://cs.stanford.edu/group/roadrunner/team.html","https://graphics.stanford.edu/ba-colloquium/spring07/talk6.html"],"title":"Stanley: The Robot that Won the DARPA Grand Challenge","url":"https://robots.stanford.edu/papers/thrun.stanley05.pdf","year":2006},{"bibliography":{"date":null,"title":"Brain","type":"Official project history","url":"https://x.company/projects/brain/"},"claim":"The project connected deep-learning research with Google-scale data and distributed computation. 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Later TensorFlow, Transformer, health or product results need their own work-level credits and are not swept into this binding.","contributors":["X"],"date_note":"","dated":false,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-final-ea3222e86ba379","lens":"technical","source_access_basis":"Final primary research packet; exact per-source inspection scope and access history retained","source_urls":["https://x.company/projects/brain/","https://gcppodcast.com/post/episode-146-google-ai-with-jeff-dean/","https://research.google/people/gregcorrado/","https://blog.google/innovation-and-ai/products/using-large-scale-brain-simulations-for/","https://research.google/pubs/building-high-level-features-using-large-scale-unsupervised-learning/","https://arxiv.org/abs/1112.6209","https://arxiv.org/pdf/1112.6209v5"],"title":"Brain","url":"https://x.company/projects/brain/","year":null},{"bibliography":{"date":"2018-09-12","title":"Google AI with Jeff Dean","type":"Google Cloud Platform Podcast, episode 146; interview transcript","url":"https://gcppodcast.com/post/episode-146-google-ai-with-jeff-dean/"},"claim":"The project connected deep-learning research with Google-scale data and distributed computation. 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Later TensorFlow, Transformer, health or product results need their own work-level credits and are not swept into this binding.","contributors":[],"date_note":"Publication date: 2018-09-12.","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-final-54511a0e1cd0d0","lens":"economic","source_access_basis":"Final primary research packet; exact per-source inspection scope and access history retained","source_urls":["https://x.company/projects/brain/","https://gcppodcast.com/post/episode-146-google-ai-with-jeff-dean/","https://research.google/people/gregcorrado/","https://blog.google/innovation-and-ai/products/using-large-scale-brain-simulations-for/","https://research.google/pubs/building-high-level-features-using-large-scale-unsupervised-learning/","https://arxiv.org/abs/1112.6209","https://arxiv.org/pdf/1112.6209v5"],"title":"Google AI with Jeff Dean","url":"https://gcppodcast.com/post/episode-146-google-ai-with-jeff-dean/","year":"2018-09-12"},{"bibliography":{"authors":["Jeff Dean","Andrew Ng"],"date":"2012-06-26","title":"Using large-scale brain simulations for machine learning and A.I.","type":"Google company research announcement","url":"https://blog.google/innovation-and-ai/products/using-large-scale-brain-simulations-for/"},"claim":"The project connected deep-learning research with Google-scale data and distributed computation. 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Later TensorFlow, Transformer, health or product results need their own work-level credits and are not swept into this binding.","contributors":["Jeff Dean","Andrew Ng"],"date_note":"Publication date: 2012-06-26.","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-final-12c2a0e3b101c6","lens":"technical","source_access_basis":"Final primary research packet; exact per-source inspection scope and access history retained","source_urls":["https://x.company/projects/brain/","https://gcppodcast.com/post/episode-146-google-ai-with-jeff-dean/","https://research.google/people/gregcorrado/","https://blog.google/innovation-and-ai/products/using-large-scale-brain-simulations-for/","https://research.google/pubs/building-high-level-features-using-large-scale-unsupervised-learning/","https://arxiv.org/abs/1112.6209","https://arxiv.org/pdf/1112.6209v5"],"title":"Using large-scale brain simulations for machine learning and A.I.","url":"https://blog.google/innovation-and-ai/products/using-large-scale-brain-simulations-for/","year":"2012-06-26"},{"bibliography":{"authors":["Quoc V. 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The project’s 2011 start is not the publication year of every cited output; v1 preprint and 2012 conference/version dates remain distinct. Google’s current author badge for Jeff Dean is not used as evidence of his exact 2012 job title. The source abstract metadata says 20,000 ImageNet categories while the inspected v5 PDF says 22,000; no category-count performance claim is imported here. Unsupervised feature learning in the cited experiment does not establish general intelligence or a complete biological-brain simulation. Later TensorFlow, Transformer, health or product results need their own work-level credits and are not swept into this binding.","contributors":["Quoc V. Le","Marc’Aurelio Ranzato","Rajat Monga","Matthieu Devin","Kai Chen","Greg S. Corrado","Jeff Dean","Andrew Y. Ng"],"date_note":"","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-final-b9b8cfd87d3094","lens":"technical","source_access_basis":"Final primary research packet; exact per-source inspection scope and access history retained","source_urls":["https://x.company/projects/brain/","https://gcppodcast.com/post/episode-146-google-ai-with-jeff-dean/","https://research.google/people/gregcorrado/","https://blog.google/innovation-and-ai/products/using-large-scale-brain-simulations-for/","https://research.google/pubs/building-high-level-features-using-large-scale-unsupervised-learning/","https://arxiv.org/abs/1112.6209","https://arxiv.org/pdf/1112.6209v5"],"title":"Building High-level Features Using Large Scale Unsupervised Learning","url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1112.6209v5","year":2012},{"bibliography":{"date":"2019-07-22","title":"OpenAI forms exclusive computing partnership with Microsoft to build new Azure AI supercomputing technologies","type":"Company press release","url":"https://news.microsoft.com/source/2019/07/22/openai-forms-exclusive-computing-partnership-with-microsoft-to-build-new-azure-ai-supercomputing-technologies/"},"claim":"Capital plus cloud infrastructure: the announced investment and joint Azure supercomputing development would provide computing capacity for advanced AI research, with service migration and preferred commercialization arrangements. Nadella’s supported contribution is his dated executive role in this institutional partnership.","claim_boundary":"Press releases establish what the parties announced, not audited disbursement timing, ownership percentages, detailed governance rights or unpublished contract terms. AGI and broad economic benefit statements are ambitions, not realized outcomes. The announcement does not establish Nadella as sole negotiator, researcher, engineer, or author of the technology. The exclusive-cloud wording is bounded to the 2019 announcement; it is not a claim about current arrangements. Later investments, products and partnership revisions require separate dated sources.","contributors":["Microsoft"],"date_note":"Publication date: 2019-07-22.","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-final-64112c1053a7a1","lens":"economic","source_access_basis":"Final primary research packet; exact per-source inspection scope and access history retained","source_urls":["https://news.microsoft.com/source/2019/07/22/openai-forms-exclusive-computing-partnership-with-microsoft-to-build-new-azure-ai-supercomputing-technologies/","https://openai.com/index/microsoft-invests-in-and-partners-with-openai/"],"title":"OpenAI forms exclusive computing partnership with Microsoft to build new Azure AI supercomputing technologies","url":"https://news.microsoft.com/source/2019/07/22/openai-forms-exclusive-computing-partnership-with-microsoft-to-build-new-azure-ai-supercomputing-technologies/","year":"2019-07-22"},{"bibliography":{"author":"Greg Brockman","date":"2019-07-22","title":"Microsoft invests in and partners with OpenAI to support us building beneficial AGI","type":"Company announcement","url":"https://openai.com/index/microsoft-invests-in-and-partners-with-openai/"},"claim":"Capital plus cloud infrastructure: the announced investment and joint Azure supercomputing development would provide computing capacity for advanced AI research, with service migration and preferred commercialization arrangements. 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Journal version published online 2026-03-11; Hila Lifshitz appears in that version, Hila Lifshitz-Assaf in 2023. Both bylines are retained."],"source_access_basis":"Final primary research packet; exact per-source inspection scope and access history retained","source_urls":["https://mitsloan.mit.edu/sites/default/files/2023-10/SSRN-id4573321.pdf","https://www.hbs.edu/ris/Publication%20Files/24-013_d9b45b68-9e74-42d6-a1c6-c72fb70c7282.pdf","https://aiinstitute.hbs.edu/arts-and-science-research/","https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4573321","https://www.hbs.edu/ris/Publication%20Files/dell-acqua-et-al-2026-navigating-the-jagged-technological-frontier_5c589c8c-fbb5-458f-b285-c944746cd717.pdf"],"title":"Navigating the Jagged Technological Frontier: Field Experimental Evidence of the Effects of AI on Knowledge Worker Productivity and Quality","url":"https://mitsloan.mit.edu/sites/default/files/2023-10/SSRN-id4573321.pdf","year":2023},{"bibliography":{"authors":["Phanish Puranam"],"date":"2021-02-16","doi":"10.1007/s41469-021-00095-2","title":"Human–AI collaborative decision-making as an organization design problem","year":2021},"claim":"","claim_boundary":"No primary evidence found that Artificial Intelligence and Organizational Design is an exact 2018 work title. 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Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Samuel Butler"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Original letter to The Press, Christchurch, 13 June 1863; archived primary text reproduces date.","dated":true,"entity_type":"essay","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-e5ee2f789b459c","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19001215.2.111","https://mediarep.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/f6852c92-c1ea-40c1-9f47-330dd195b109/content"],"title":"Darwin among the Machines","url":"https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19001215.2.111","year":1863},{"aliases":[],"claim":"The Book of the Machines imagines evolution and control of machinery.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. 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Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Olaf Stapledon"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Publisher explicitly distinguishes original 1930 work from 2026 abridgment.","dated":true,"entity_type":"novel","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-2b5cd79671490e","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262054621/last-and-first-men/"],"title":"Last and First Men","url":"https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262054621/last-and-first-men/","year":1930},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Cosmic intelligence and collective minds; adjacent to AI fiction.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. 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Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Jack Williamson"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Astounding Science Fiction, July 1947.","dated":true,"entity_type":"novelette","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-95570b64c1518b","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://s3.us-west-1.wasabisys.com/luminist/SF/AST/AST_1947_07.pdf","https://asimovs.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Reflections_With-Folded-Hands_NovDec24.pdf"],"title":"With Folded Hands ...","url":"https://s3.us-west-1.wasabisys.com/luminist/SF/AST/AST_1947_07.pdf","year":1947},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Recurring fictional robot ethics and societies.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Isaac Asimov"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Corpus grouping beginning with Robbie (1940); I, Robot is the 1950 collection. 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Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Isaac Asimov"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Science Fiction Quarterly, November 1956.","dated":true,"entity_type":"short_story","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-b04f834e4c9c07","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://synsab.com/archive/stories/the-last-question-isaac-asimov.pdf","https://www.asimovonline.com/oldsite/sf_fantasy_story_list.html"],"title":"The Last Question","url":"https://synsab.com/archive/stories/the-last-question-isaac-asimov.pdf","year":1956},{"aliases":[],"claim":"A networked supercomputer evokes power, control and divinity.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Fredric Brown"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Originally in Angels and Spaceships (1954); primary reprint acknowledgments confirm.","dated":true,"entity_type":"short_story","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-3cd7daf5109628","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://s3.us-west-1.wasabisys.com/luminist/EB/B/Brown,%20Fredric%20-%20Best%20of.pdf","https://search.worldcat.org/title/Angels-and-spaceships/oclc/1238394"],"title":"Answer","url":"https://s3.us-west-1.wasabisys.com/luminist/EB/B/Brown,%20Fredric%20-%20Best%20of.pdf","year":1954},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Human contact with a nonhuman intelligence embodied in an interstellar cloud.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Fred Hoyle"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Hoyle novel 1957. Turing died 7 June 1954; any claim he examined this published novel is chronologically impossible. No evidence of a prepublication encounter supplied.","dated":true,"entity_type":"novel","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-8421314e0c24b8","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://assets.cambridge.org/97805218/24484/frontmatter/9780521824484_frontmatter.pdf","https://www.turing.ac.uk/about-us"],"title":"The Black Cloud","url":"https://assets.cambridge.org/97805218/24484/frontmatter/9780521824484_frontmatter.pdf","year":1957},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Robots and uplifted dogs preserve stories of a posthuman world.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Clifford D. 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Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Stanisław Lem"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Polish original 1961; English translations have separate dates. Ocean intelligence is not a conventional manufactured AI.","dated":true,"entity_type":"novel","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-0f4179568f20ac","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://www.english.lem.pl/works","https://www.english.lem.pl/works/novels"],"title":"Solaris","url":"https://www.english.lem.pl/works","year":1961},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Speculation on artificial intelligence, virtuality and technological evolution.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Stanisław Lem"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Polish original 1964; English translation by Joanna Zylinska, University of Minnesota Press 2013.","dated":true,"entity_type":"nonfiction_book","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-c95170b325c060","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://www.english.lem.pl/works","https://www.upress.umn.edu/9780816689040/summa-technologiae/"],"title":"Summa Technologiae","url":"https://www.english.lem.pl/works","year":1964},{"aliases":[],"claim":"A hostile military computer holds humans captive.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Harlan Ellison"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"March 1967 IF story; distinguish same-title collection and 1995 game.","dated":true,"entity_type":"short_story","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-b9fc8ea0db2699","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://www.baen.com/Chapters/0759229945/0759229945__c_.htm"],"title":"I Have No Mouth, and I Must Scream","url":"https://www.baen.com/Chapters/0759229945/0759229945__c_.htm","year":1967},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Machine-maintained civilization and stored human identities.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Arthur C. Clarke"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"A revision/expansion of Against the Fall of Night, not merely its new edition.","dated":true,"entity_type":"novel","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-2af1e9ff70ca7b","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://www.hachette.co.uk/sfx-book-club/2014/01/08/sf-masterwork-of-the-week-the-city-and-the-stars/"],"title":"The City and the Stars","url":"https://www.hachette.co.uk/sfx-book-club/2014/01/08/sf-masterwork-of-the-week-the-city-and-the-stars/","year":1956},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Simulated persons and uncertainty about reality.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Daniel F. Galouye"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Original 1964; cited modern publisher description identifies original year, while linked edition is 2021.","dated":true,"entity_type":"novel","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-b805ef91751adf","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://books.google.com/books/about/Simulacron_3.html?id=8MbAzQEACAAJ","https://www.arcmanorbooks.com/phoenixpick"],"title":"Simulacron-3","url":"https://books.google.com/books/about/Simulacron_3.html?id=8MbAzQEACAAJ","year":1964},{"aliases":[],"claim":"A supercomputer lectures on intelligence beyond human comprehension.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Stanisław Lem"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"WorldCat first Polish edition: Wydawnictwo Literackie, Kraków 1981. Earlier framing text 1971 is separate.","dated":true,"entity_type":"fictional_lectures","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-2ce518d098add8","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://english.lem.pl/works/apocryphs/golem-xiv","https://search.worldcat.org/it/title/9226013"],"title":"Golem XIV","url":"https://english.lem.pl/works/apocryphs/golem-xiv","year":1981},{"aliases":[],"claim":"A culture restricts thinking machines and cultivates human cognitive specializations.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Frank Herbert"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Book 1965; serial components 1963–1965.","dated":true,"entity_type":"novel","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-b9054840ac0fec","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://koha.spaulding.lib.me.us/cgi-bin/koha/opac-ISBDdetail.pl?biblionumber=33","https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb18183854z"],"title":"Dune","url":"https://koha.spaulding.lib.me.us/cgi-bin/koha/opac-ISBDdetail.pl?biblionumber=33","year":1965},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Posthuman machines investigate what it means to be human.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Roger Zelazny"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"1966 supported by official Hugo bibliography. Specialist source distinguishes March New Worlds publication from September Fantastic corrected version.","dated":true,"entity_type":"novelette","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-fb51d5abec7cd6","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://www.thehugoawards.org/hugo-history/1967-hugo-awards/","https://www.clockworks2.org/wiki/index.php?title=For_a_Breath_I_Tarry"],"title":"For a Breath I Tarry","url":"https://www.thehugoawards.org/hugo-history/1967-hugo-awards/","year":1966},{"aliases":[],"claim":"A conscious computer negotiates its existence and usefulness.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["David Gerrold"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"1972 original novel; 1988 revised Release 2.0; 2014 ebook reissue. The publisher explicitly distinguishes all three dates.","dated":true,"entity_type":"novel","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-755e685ccb85ca","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://www.simonandschuster.co.uk/books/When-HARLIE-Was-One/David-Gerrold/9781939529466","https://benbellabooks.com/shop/when-harlie-was-one/"],"title":"When HARLIE Was One","url":"https://www.simonandschuster.co.uk/books/When-HARLIE-Was-One/David-Gerrold/9781939529466","year":1972},{"aliases":[],"claim":"A controlled trial of an autonomous system becomes a conflict over survival.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["James P. Hogan"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Publisher copyright page explicitly states copyright 1979; current Baen publication is a reissue.","dated":true,"entity_type":"novel","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-09da453da14477","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://www.baen.com/Chapters/0671878484/0671878484__c_.htm"],"title":"The Two Faces of Tomorrow","url":"https://www.baen.com/Chapters/0671878484/0671878484__c_.htm","year":1979},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Networked information, identity and automated social control.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["John Brunner"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"1975 first edition is independently cataloged by two library catalogs; later current publisher editions must not replace that year. 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Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["K. Eric Drexler"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Foresight records 1996 as tenth anniversary; distinguish 2007 expanded edition.","dated":true,"entity_type":"nonfiction_book","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-ef7f0d594a9044","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://events.foresight.org/archived/archive9698/"],"title":"Engines of Creation: The Coming Era of Nanotechnology","url":"https://events.foresight.org/archived/archive9698/","year":1986},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Forecasts of machine intelligence and human-machine convergence.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. 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Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Vernor Vinge"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Publisher explicitly says novella first published 1981; essay anthology 2001 is later.","dated":true,"entity_type":"novella","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-8ae8f159a8173f","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://us.macmillan.com/books/9781466893191/truenamesandtheopeningofthecyberspacefrontier/","https://academic.macmillan.com/academictrade/9780312862077/truenamesandtheopeningofthecyberspacefrontier/"],"title":"True Names","url":"https://us.macmillan.com/books/9781466893191/truenamesandtheopeningofthecyberspacefrontier/","year":1981},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Fragmented digital intelligences interact with humans.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["William Gibson"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Author rights-agency list states original publication March 1986.","dated":true,"entity_type":"novel","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-cbd2be82c4672e","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/59653/mona-lisa-overdrive-by-william-gibson/","https://agenceelianebenisti.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Sterling-Lord-Literistic-Frankfurt-2015-rights-list.pdf"],"title":"Count Zero","url":"https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/59653/mona-lisa-overdrive-by-william-gibson/","year":1986},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Networked identities and machine intelligence.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. 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Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Bruce Sterling"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"1985 standalone novel; distinguish the later Schismatrix Plus omnibus. 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Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Bruce Sterling"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"December 1996 collection includes Schismatrix and related stories; 1985 is not this collection's publication year.","dated":true,"entity_type":"omnibus_collection","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-c0b19674119a9a","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/341948/schismatrix-plus-by-bruce-sterling/"],"title":"Schismatrix Plus","url":"https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/341948/schismatrix-plus-by-bruce-sterling/","year":1996},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Engineered cellular intelligence transforms biological life.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Greg Bear"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"1985 novel expands a distinct 1983 short story.","dated":true,"entity_type":"novel","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-710b1f9fed8665","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://www.gregbear.com/books/bloodmusic.php"],"title":"Blood Music","url":"https://www.gregbear.com/books/bloodmusic.php","year":1985},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Machine evolution, copied minds and changing substrates.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Rudy Rucker"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Four novels; omnibus published 2010, not 1982.","dated":false,"entity_type":"literary_series","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-0de533a331865f","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://www.rudyrucker.com/wares/"],"title":"Ware Tetralogy","url":"https://www.rudyrucker.com/wares/","year":"1982–2000"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Mind copying and autonomous robot society.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. 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Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Rudy Rucker"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Ware book 3.","dated":true,"entity_type":"novel","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-dbddb42e8134de","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://www.rudyrucker.com/wares/"],"title":"Freeware","url":"https://www.rudyrucker.com/wares/","year":1997},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Posthuman technology tests identity and agency.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. 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Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Greg Egan"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Author bibliography verifies first publication.","dated":true,"entity_type":"novel","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-f2da3424079b08","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://gregegan.net/BIBLIOGRAPHY/Online.html"],"title":"Diaspora","url":"https://gregegan.net/BIBLIOGRAPHY/Online.html","year":1997},{"aliases":[],"claim":"A disappearance of advanced humanity frames a post-singularity mystery.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Vernor Vinge"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Original Bluejay Books 1986; linked Tor ebook reissue 2004.","dated":true,"entity_type":"novel","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-d67ec5ab69bca9","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://us.macmillan.com/books/9781429915120/maroonedinrealtime/","https://books.google.com/books?newbks=0&vid=ISBN0312942958"],"title":"Marooned in Realtime","url":"https://us.macmillan.com/books/9781429915120/maroonedinrealtime/","year":1986},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Humanity and the TechnoCore negotiate dependence and power.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Dan Simmons"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Four main novels, not just the 1989–1990 first pair.","dated":false,"entity_type":"literary_series","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-bb14f833e3aae0","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://penguinrandomhouselibrary.com/book/?isbn=9780307781888"],"title":"Hyperion Cantos","url":"https://penguinrandomhouselibrary.com/book/?isbn=9780307781888","year":"1989–1997"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Machine intelligence, religion and human futures.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. 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Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Dan Simmons"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Hyperion Cantos 4.","dated":true,"entity_type":"novel","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-0c390c59f63d1e","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://penguinrandomhousehighereducation.com/book/?isbn=9798217093953"],"title":"The Rise of Endymion","url":"https://penguinrandomhousehighereducation.com/book/?isbn=9798217093953","year":1997},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Cyborg identity and networked intelligence.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Shirow Masamune"],"date_events":[{"kind":"manga_serialization_start","year":1989}],"date_note":"Serialization began 1989; collected volume and translations have later dates. 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Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Richard K. Morgan"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"February 2002 UK original; US 2003 and 2008 reissue are later editions.","dated":true,"entity_type":"novel","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-83f39abd1f3269","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://www.richardkmorgan.com/writing/altered-carbon/"],"title":"Altered Carbon","url":"https://www.richardkmorgan.com/writing/altered-carbon/","year":2002},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Posthuman intervention disrupts a restrictive civilization.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Charles Stross"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Author FAQ states Ace hardcover August 2003; paperbackJuly 2004.","dated":true,"entity_type":"novel","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-468f185c3088e3","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://www.antipope.org/charlie/fiction/faq.html"],"title":"Singularity Sky","url":"https://www.antipope.org/charlie/fiction/faq.html","year":2003},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Information, catastrophe and superhuman constraints.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. 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Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims. Field qualification: original 1998 year supported by secondary bibliography and first edition description only.","contributors":["Ken MacLeod"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Retain 1998 for original British publication. This pass found direct secondary confirmation, including a transcribed first-publication statement, but did not directly verify a publisher/author original-date statement or institutional first-edition catalog record. Do not upgrade this to primary-verified; current Hachette ebook date 2012 is a reissue.","dated":true,"entity_type":"novel","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-0c14ee2150e721","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://academic.macmillan.com/academictrade/9780765321190/divisions/","https://sf-encyclopedia.com/entry/macleod_ken","https://www.lwcurrey.com/pages/books/93191/ken-macleod/the-cassini-division"],"title":"The Cassini Division","url":"https://academic.macmillan.com/academictrade/9780765321190/divisions/","year":1998},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Political alternatives and posthuman technological change.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Ken MacLeod"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"1995–1999 is the original four-volume sequence's publication span. The opening volume is The Star Fraction (1995); the final volume is The Sky Road (1999 UK hardcover, 2000 US edition). It is not the date of the later Fall Revolution/Fractions/Divisions omnibus editions.","dated":false,"entity_type":"literary_series","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-5f31b18f0c6ad6","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://academic.macmillan.com/academictrade/9780765321190/divisions/","https://www.hachette.co.uk/contributor/ken-macleod-5/","https://www.wsfs.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/minutes-2000.pdf","https://us.macmillan.com/books/9781466843325/theskyroad/","https://kenmacleod.blogspot.com/2007/04/talk-for-birmingham-sf-group-13-april.html"],"title":"Fall Revolution","url":"https://academic.macmillan.com/academictrade/9780765321190/divisions/","year":"1995–1999"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Autonomous planetary systems and human interpretations of their agency.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Karl Schroeder"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Author bibliography identifies Tor Books December 2000.","dated":true,"entity_type":"novel","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-7d425dd8eeb12f","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://www.karl-schroeder.com/publications"],"title":"Ventus","url":"https://www.karl-schroeder.com/publications","year":2000},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Technological mediation shapes reality, autonomy and governance.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Karl Schroeder"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Author lists Tor July 2005; set in same universe as Ventus.","dated":true,"entity_type":"novel","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-07503b098cc7e7","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://www.karl-schroeder.com/publications"],"title":"Lady of Mazes","url":"https://www.karl-schroeder.com/publications","year":2005},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Machine civilizations, artificial minds and existential constraints.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Alastair Reynolds"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"2000 marks first novel, not first fiction in this universe; Dilation Sleep appeared in 1990. Open corpus endpoint is not a claim of continuous publication.","dated":false,"entity_type":"literary_series","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-c3de2e39987c25","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://www.alastairreynolds.com/novels/","https://www.alastairreynolds.com/release/","https://www.alastairreynolds.com/stories/list-of-published-stories/"],"title":"Revelation Space universe","url":"https://www.alastairreynolds.com/novels/","year":"2000–"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Machine threats and posthuman exploration.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Alastair Reynolds"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Distinct first novel within the larger setting.","dated":true,"entity_type":"novel","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-1f8649bdab7c9b","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://www.alastairreynolds.com/release/"],"title":"Revelation Space","url":"https://www.alastairreynolds.com/release/","year":2000},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Intelligence without familiar human consciousness.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Peter Watts"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Author-hosted work; philosophical fiction is not a scientific demonstration.","dated":true,"entity_type":"novel","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-fc7dd3fe07603c","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://www.rifters.com/real/shorts/PeterWatts_Blindsight.pdf","https://rifters.com/real/articles/PW-online-CV.pdf","https://catalog.cclsny.org/bib/29038"],"title":"Blindsight","url":"https://www.rifters.com/real/shorts/PeterWatts_Blindsight.pdf","year":2006},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Distributed intelligence and limits of conscious agency.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Peter Watts"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Companion/sidequel to Blindsight; author site records 2014 release activity.","dated":true,"entity_type":"novel","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-94999bbe0a8b36","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://www.rifters.com/real/updates.htm"],"title":"Echopraxia","url":"https://www.rifters.com/real/updates.htm","year":2014},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Posthuman memory, identity and computational power.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Hannu Rajaniemi"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Series range from original constituent publication years; later omnibus is a separate edition.","dated":false,"entity_type":"literary_series","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-b689d6ced49ce1","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://us.macmillan.com/series/jeanleflambeur","https://www.hachette.com.au/hannu-rajaniemi/the-quantum-thief-the-epic-hard-sf-heist-thriller-for-fans-of-the-matrix-and-neuromancer","https://us.macmillan.com/books/9781429986632/thefractalprince/","https://www.hachette.co.uk/titles/hannu-rajaniemi/the-causal-angel/9780575088979/"],"title":"Jean le Flambeur trilogy","url":"https://us.macmillan.com/series/jeanleflambeur","year":"2010–2014"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Posthuman identity, privacy and stored memory.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Hannu Rajaniemi"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Original 2010 UK publication, prior to US Tor 2011 edition.","dated":true,"entity_type":"novel","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-302887bca57d08","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://www.hachette.com.au/hannu-rajaniemi/the-quantum-thief-the-epic-hard-sf-heist-thriller-for-fans-of-the-matrix-and-neuromancer","https://us.macmillan.com/books/9781250414489/thequantumthief/"],"title":"The Quantum Thief","url":"https://www.hachette.com.au/hannu-rajaniemi/the-quantum-thief-the-epic-hard-sf-heist-thriller-for-fans-of-the-matrix-and-neuromancer","year":2010},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Computational minds and identity in a posthuman world.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Hannu Rajaniemi"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Second trilogy novel, 2012.","dated":true,"entity_type":"novel","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-5f44875355f63f","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://us.macmillan.com/books/9781429986632/thefractalprince/"],"title":"The Fractal Prince","url":"https://us.macmillan.com/books/9781429986632/thefractalprince/","year":2012},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Conflict among posthuman intelligences.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Hannu Rajaniemi"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Third trilogy novel, 2014.","dated":true,"entity_type":"novel","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-c5b1d86e508677","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://www.hachette.co.uk/titles/hannu-rajaniemi/the-causal-angel/9780575088979/"],"title":"The Causal Angel","url":"https://www.hachette.co.uk/titles/hannu-rajaniemi/the-causal-angel/9780575088979/","year":2014},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Care, learning and obligations toward dependent digital beings.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Ted Chiang"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"2010 Subterranean Press edition; later collected in Exhalation (2019).","dated":true,"entity_type":"novella","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-4f8ab89a9d5afa","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://cpb-us-w2.wpmucdn.com/voices.uchicago.edu/dist/8/644/files/2017/08/Chiang-Lifecycle-of-Software-Objects-q3tsuw.pdf"],"title":"The Lifecycle of Software Objects","url":"https://cpb-us-w2.wpmucdn.com/voices.uchicago.edu/dist/8/644/files/2017/08/Chiang-Lifecycle-of-Software-Objects-q3tsuw.pdf","year":2010},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Stories explore cognition, language and human limits; AI relevance varies by story.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Ted Chiang"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"2002 dates the collection as a whole. It must not be applied indiscriminately to the previously published individual stories, or replaced with the date of the later Arrival retitling/reissue.","dated":true,"entity_type":"story_collection","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-b5aa07630025b3","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/538163/stories-of-your-life-and-others-by-ted-chiang/","https://catalog.freelibrary.org/Record/189970"],"title":"Stories of Your Life and Others","url":"https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/538163/stories-of-your-life-and-others-by-ted-chiang/","year":2002},{"aliases":[],"claim":"A distributed ship intelligence confronts embodied identity and imperial power.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Ann Leckie"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Imperial Radch trilogy 1; author announcement 1 October 2013.","dated":true,"entity_type":"novel","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-1aac7209688c38","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://annleckie.com/category/ancillary-justice/page/5/"],"title":"Ancillary Justice","url":"https://annleckie.com/category/ancillary-justice/page/5/","year":2013},{"aliases":[],"claim":"A security construct negotiates autonomy, labor and relationships.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Martha Wells"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Series began with All Systems Red (2017); don't assign this date to all books or the later television adaptation.","dated":false,"entity_type":"literary_series","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-5b1a858fbb0dd4","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://www.marthawells.com/murderbot.htm","https://webservices.macmillan.com/macmillan-us/maccatalog/assets/previous/TDC_Spring-2017_07_2016.pdf"],"title":"The Murderbot Diaries","url":"https://www.marthawells.com/murderbot.htm","year":"2017–"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"An artificial companion considers care and human attachment.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Kazuo Ishiguro"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Publisher audio edition released 2 March 2021; original novel year 2021.","dated":true,"entity_type":"novel","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-ef88e386e48ecc","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/653825/klara-and-the-sun-a-gma-book-club-pick-by-kazuo-ishiguro/9780593349298/"],"title":"Klara and the Sun","url":"https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/653825/klara-and-the-sun-a-gma-book-club-pick-by-kazuo-ishiguro/9780593349298/","year":2021},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Android morality exposes conflicts in human relationships.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Ian McEwan"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Publisher interview 14 April 2019 discusses newly published novel. Retain year only rather than inferring an exact publication day.","dated":true,"entity_type":"novel","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-97b10768b598bb","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://ianmcewan.com/books/machines.html","https://www.penguin.co.uk/discover/articles/ian-mcewan-machines-like-me-interview"],"title":"Machines Like Me","url":"https://ianmcewan.com/books/machines.html","year":2019},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Engineered evolution and technologically sustained minds complicate human exceptionalism.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Adrian Tchaikovsky"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"First novel in Children of Time series; don't reduce the evolved spiders to AI.","dated":true,"entity_type":"novel","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-82d2c34ec14d5a","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://www.panmacmillan.com/authors/adrian-tchaikovsky/children-of-time/9781447273318"],"title":"Children of Time","url":"https://www.panmacmillan.com/authors/adrian-tchaikovsky/children-of-time/9781447273318","year":2015},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Surveillance, simulated minds and control of narrative reality.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Nick Harkaway"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"2017 original; avoid replacing with later US or paperback edition dates.","dated":true,"entity_type":"novel","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-132dc2dbb4c827","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://www.penguin.com.au/books/gnomon-9781473539549"],"title":"Gnomon","url":"https://www.penguin.com.au/books/gnomon-9781473539549","year":2017},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Satire includes mechanical generation of knowledge and limits of rational schemes.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Jonathan Swift"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Adjacent cultural context, not an AI prediction or technical work.","dated":true,"entity_type":"novel","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-d93692910765a5","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://www.gardnermuseum.org/experience/collection/25965"],"title":"Gulliver's Travels","url":"https://www.gardnermuseum.org/experience/collection/25965","year":1726},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Attachment to an automaton questions perception and artificial personhood.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["E. T. A. Hoffmann"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"German Der Sandmann appeared in late 1816; English translations have later dates.","dated":true,"entity_type":"short_story","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-99ff56a65bcb33","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://heatheneditions.com/the-sandman-by-e-t-a-hoffmann/"],"title":"The Sandman","url":"https://heatheneditions.com/the-sandman-by-e-t-a-hoffmann/","year":1816},{"aliases":[],"claim":"A chess-playing automaton complicates the distinction between mechanism and agency.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims. Field qualification: year corroborated secondary original newspaper pending.","contributors":["Ambrose Bierce"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"1899 newspaper date corroborated by bibliographies and a reprint notice; original newspaper issue not inspected. Later collected text is supplied by Gutenberg. A Night at Moxon's is an original-title variant reported by secondary sources.","dated":true,"entity_type":"short_story","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-b9c6b1ad1bc4fe","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/4366/pg4366-images.html#page88","https://www.sffaudio.com/moxons-master-by-ambrose-bierce/","https://www.sfadb.com/Knight_Century_SF"],"title":"Moxon's Master","url":"https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/4366/pg4366-images.html#page88","year":1899},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Branching possibilities and interpretation invite comparison with computational representations.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Jorge Luis Borges"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Conventionally dated 1941 in El jardín de senderos que se bifurcan. Primary colophon is dated December 30, 1941; the collection was distributed in 1942 and some institutional catalog records use 1942. Both stories are present in its contents. Do not confuse with inclusion in Ficciones (1944) or later English translations.","dated":true,"entity_type":"short_story","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-b3d6798913a826","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/16193/ficciones-by-jorge-luis-borges-introduction-by-john-sturrock/","https://norabenedict.github.io/borges/timeline.html","https://openlibrary.org/books/OL6448877M/El_jardi%CC%81n_de_senderos_que_se_bifurcan.","https://sf-encyclopedia.com/gallery.php?id=Borges-Jardin.jpg"],"title":"The Garden of Forking Paths","url":"https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/16193/ficciones-by-jorge-luis-borges-introduction-by-john-sturrock/","year":1941},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Autonomous weapons evolve deceptive forms.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Philip K. Dick"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Original Space Science Fiction May 1953; archival transcription source.","dated":true,"entity_type":"novelette","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-ac0be5bc2c2606","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://www.gutenberg.org/files/32032/32032-h/32032-h.htm"],"title":"Second Variety","url":"https://www.gutenberg.org/files/32032/32032-h/32032-h.htm","year":1953},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Self-maintaining factories pursue production despite human needs.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Philip K. Dick"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"November 1955 Galaxy; legacy author-site bibliography is corroborating, not an inspected original magazine.","dated":true,"entity_type":"novelette","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-1415ea2dfefb6b","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://1999pkdweb.philipdick.com/autofac.htm"],"title":"Autofac","url":"https://1999pkdweb.philipdick.com/autofac.htm","year":1955},{"aliases":[],"claim":"A human-robot detective partnership exposes prejudice and rules of behavior.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Isaac Asimov"],"date_events":[{"kind":"serialization","year":1953},{"kind":"first_book","year":1954}],"date_note":"Serialized in Galaxy, October–December 1953; first book Doubleday, 1954. Keep 1953 when original_year means earliest serialization. Month February for book is supported by specialist bibliography; no exact day asserted.","dated":true,"entity_type":"novel","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-36ffc6b320c891","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://www.asimovonline.com/oldsite/Robot_Empire_history.html","https://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/cinfo/galaxysf","https://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BA47628296"],"title":"The Caves of Steel","url":"https://www.asimovonline.com/oldsite/Robot_Empire_history.html","year":1953},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Robot dependence intersects with isolation and social design.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Isaac Asimov"],"date_events":[{"kind":"serialization","year":1956},{"kind":"first_book","year":1957}],"date_note":"Serialized in Astounding, October–December 1956; book Doubleday 1957. Keep 1956 as earliest serialization. Book year institutionally corroborated; serial issue dates remain specialist-bibliography supported because archive scan opening failed.","dated":true,"entity_type":"novel","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-1274e8f2092199","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://www.asimovonline.com/oldsite/Robot_Empire_history.html","https://obnb.uk/p8048019-the-naked-sun","https://www.asimovonline.com/oldsite/sf_fantasy_story_list.html"],"title":"The Naked Sun","url":"https://www.asimovonline.com/oldsite/Robot_Empire_history.html","year":1956},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Robotics and a technology that materializes thought explore power and restraint.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["W. J. Stuart"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"W. J. Stuart is the pen name of Philip MacDonald; distinguish novelization from the Fred M. Wilcox film. Archival catalog corroboration, primary publisher scan pending.","dated":true,"entity_type":"novelization","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-07591d9e713fd2","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://openlibrary.org/books/OL6197500M/Forbidden_planet.","https://catalog.afi.com/Film/51831-FORBIDDEN-PLANET","https://sf-encyclopedia.com/entry/macdonald_philip"],"title":"Forbidden Planet","url":"https://openlibrary.org/books/OL6197500M/Forbidden_planet.","year":1956},{"aliases":[],"claim":"A telephone network develops an emergent intelligence.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Arthur C. Clarke"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Publisher's detailed bibliography identifies Playboy 12:1 (January 1965), pp.148–149,215–216; explicitly flags 1961 as erroneous. Some secondary sources also say 1964.","dated":true,"entity_type":"short_story","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-9fa388d772a6a1","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://www.press.uillinois.edu/books/?id=p083594"],"title":"Dial “F” for Frankenstein","url":"https://www.press.uillinois.edu/books/?id=p083594","year":1965},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Exploration of an alien machine environment emphasizes opaque purposes.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Arthur C. Clarke"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Primarily first-contact fiction; distinguish autonomous artifacts from a demonstrated conscious AI.","dated":true,"entity_type":"novel","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-1ce1049af71da5","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://www.hachette.co.uk/contributor/arthur-c-clarke/","https://search.worldcat.org/title/Rendezvous-with-Rama/oclc/755409"],"title":"Rendezvous with Rama","url":"https://www.hachette.co.uk/contributor/arthur-c-clarke/","year":1973},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Evolved nonliving swarms challenge human assumptions about intelligence.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Stanisław Lem"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Polish Niezwyciężony 1964; N. Katherine Hayles introduction and Bill Johnston modern translation are edition contributors, not original coauthors.","dated":true,"entity_type":"novel","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-a5581ba4ed02e8","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262538473/the-invincible/","https://www.english.lem.pl/works/novels"],"title":"The Invincible","url":"https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262538473/the-invincible/","year":1964},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Machine-assisted contact fails to bridge incompatible perspectives.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Stanisław Lem"],"date_events":[{"kind":"first_translation_publication","year":1986},{"kind":"first_original_language_publication","year":1987},{"kind":"first_English_translation","year":1987}],"date_note":"German translation by Hubert Schumann, S. Fischer, 1986; Polish Fiasko, Wydawnictwo Literackie, 1987; English translation by Michael Kandel, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1987. Preserve 1986 as earliest publication and identify language. Exact calendar dates not established here.","dated":true,"entity_type":"novel","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-0ecb118ecfa881","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://www.english.lem.pl/works","https://interzonaeditora.com/noticias/quot-fiasco-quot-la-ultima-novela-de-ciencia-ficcion-de-stanislaw-lem-1584","https://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BA65154375","https://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BA72886442","https://openlibrary.org/books/OL2737315M/Fiasco"],"title":"Fiasco","url":"https://www.english.lem.pl/works","year":1986},{"aliases":[],"claim":"An engineered crisis presses a crew to construct artificial consciousness.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Frank Herbert"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"1966 book; earlier 1965 serial Do I Wake or Dream? and revised 1978 edition should stay distinct in edition history.","dated":true,"entity_type":"novel","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-5a7ced572a2687","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://nyplorg-data-archives.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/collection/generated_finding_aids/rbk23985.pdf"],"title":"Destination: Void","url":"https://nyplorg-data-archives.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/collection/generated_finding_aids/rbk23985.pdf","year":1966},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Autonomous war machines pursue destruction of life.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Fred Saberhagen"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Series began in short fiction in 1963; first Berserker collection 1967. Later novels and collections have distinct dates.","dated":false,"entity_type":"literary_series","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-fabd11e2fadfca","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://berserker.com/","https://berserker.com/about_berserkers.htm","https://www.baen.com/artificial-intelligence"],"title":"Berserker series","url":"https://berserker.com/","year":"from 1963"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Interlinked stories confront automated extermination machines.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Fred Saberhagen"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"1967 dates the first book/collection, distinct from the series' first story in 1963.","dated":true,"entity_type":"story_collection","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-95fb6a685c0721","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://berserker.com/","https://berserker.com/about_berserkers.htm","https://berserker.com/bk_berserker.htm"],"title":"Berserker","url":"https://berserker.com/","year":1967},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Mediated realities and unstable identity offer adjacent context for simulation debates.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Philip K. Dick"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Not primarily a novel about autonomous AI; don't convert ambiguity of reality into technical simulation proof.","dated":true,"entity_type":"novel","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-b0eb777e7a8106","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://www.loa.org/writers/261-philip-k-dick/","https://books.google.com/books?id=lkqQEAAAQBAJ"],"title":"Ubik","url":"https://www.loa.org/writers/261-philip-k-dick/","year":1969},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Recorded personality and replication satirize commodified identity.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["John Sladek"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"1970 original, not 1973 US paperback or 2011 ebook.","dated":true,"entity_type":"novel","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-9d4d1e40a45211","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://www.hachette.com.au/john-sladek/the-muller-fokker-effect","https://findingaids.library.tamu.edu/index.php/john-sladek-collection"],"title":"The Müller-Fokker Effect","url":"https://www.hachette.com.au/john-sladek/the-muller-fokker-effect","year":1970},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Control systems, conditioning and technological power are adjacent to AI governance themes.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Thomas Pynchon"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Broad thematic relation; not a literal account of artificial general intelligence.","dated":true,"entity_type":"novel","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-94332e18380d38","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/299800/gravitys-rainbow-classics-deluxe-edition-by-thomas-pynchon/9780143039945/","https://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BA11183198"],"title":"Gravity's Rainbow","url":"https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/299800/gravitys-rainbow-classics-deluxe-edition-by-thomas-pynchon/9780143039945/","year":1973},{"aliases":[],"claim":"An amoral robot satirizes machine ethics and social hypocrisy.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["John Sladek"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Distinct from TikTok social platform; not a technical rebuttal of formal alignment.","dated":true,"entity_type":"novel","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-69f9f41eeb93c6","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://www.hachette.com.au/john-sladek/tik-tok","https://search.worldcat.org/zh-cn/title/Tik-tok/oclc/11204703"],"title":"Tik-Tok","url":"https://www.hachette.com.au/john-sladek/tik-tok","year":1983},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Global information networks and collective intelligence intersect with ecological risk.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["David Brin"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Author dates original Bantam Spectra edition 1990.","dated":true,"entity_type":"novel","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-b92e75bec6fd8f","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://www.davidbrin.com/earth.html"],"title":"Earth","url":"https://www.davidbrin.com/earth.html","year":1990},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Cognitive enhancement explores superhuman reasoning and its limits.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Ted Chiang"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Human enhancement, not AI itself; August 1991 Asimov's. Bibliographic support is secondary pending original issue.","dated":true,"entity_type":"novelette","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-4dd57c1e821808","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://www.sfadb.com/Ted_Chiang_Chronology","https://www.thehugoawards.org/hugo-history/1992-hugo-awards/"],"title":"Understand","url":"https://www.sfadb.com/Ted_Chiang_Chronology","year":1991},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Engineered cognition and altered perception challenge agency.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Greg Egan"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Author bibliography dates first Century/Legend edition 1992; quantum mechanisms are fictional premises.","dated":true,"entity_type":"novel","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-cef50fe840ba74","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://www.gregegan.net/BIBLIOGRAPHY/Bibliography.html"],"title":"Quarantine","url":"https://www.gregegan.net/BIBLIOGRAPHY/Bibliography.html","year":1992},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Genetic enhancement creates inequality and obligations among groups.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Nancy Kress"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"This novel record is 1993. Author bibliography separately lists the 1991 novella: Axolotl Press/Pulphouse February 1991 and Asimov’s April 1991. Do not replace the expanded novel’s date with the novella date.","dated":true,"entity_type":"novel","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-2b568c6b119d01","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://nancykress.com/beggars-in-spain/","https://catalog.pacificgrovelibrary.org/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=10868","https://nancykress.com/bibliography/","https://nancykress.com/awards/"],"title":"Beggars in Spain","url":"https://nancykress.com/beggars-in-spain/","year":1993},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Stories examine engineered beliefs, copied minds and identity.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Greg Egan"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Author explicitly lists Orion/Millennium 1995; do not change to 1994. Title story first appeared November 1990 in Interzone.","dated":true,"entity_type":"story_collection","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-1104291fc12a28","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://www.gregegan.net/BIBLIOGRAPHY/Bibliography.html"],"title":"Axiomatic","url":"https://www.gregegan.net/BIBLIOGRAPHY/Bibliography.html","year":1995},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Nanotechnology and copied intelligence challenge embodiment and social boundaries.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Linda Nagata"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Author lists Bantam Spectra April 1995; 2010 ebook is reissue.","dated":true,"entity_type":"novel","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-6142694826aeb4","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://mythicisland.com/data.php"],"title":"The Bohr Maker","url":"https://mythicisland.com/data.php","year":1995},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Training an artificial reader raises questions about language, experience and personhood.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Richard Powers"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Fictional Richard Powers is a character; don't treat events as author biography.","dated":true,"entity_type":"novel","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-9ae835979855d6","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://www.richardpowers.net/galatea-2-2/"],"title":"Galatea 2.2","url":"https://www.richardpowers.net/galatea-2-2/","year":1995},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Coercive cognitive labor and surveillance frame technological power.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Vernor Vinge"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Prequel in shared setting of A Fire Upon the Deep; Focus is fictional human manipulation, not simply AI.","dated":true,"entity_type":"novel","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-f88dd32ee248a8","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://us.macmillan.com/books/9781250905970/adeepnessinthesky/","https://catalog.cclsny.org/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=180744"],"title":"A Deepness in the Sky","url":"https://us.macmillan.com/books/9781250905970/adeepnessinthesky/","year":1999},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Cryptography and information infrastructure provide adjacent computing context.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Neal Stephenson"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Do not label as primarily sentient-AI fiction.","dated":true,"entity_type":"novel","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-8ea8c3dd41e119","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://www.nealstephenson.com/books/","https://search.worldcat.org/fr/title/cryptonomicon/oclc/859051447"],"title":"Cryptonomicon","url":"https://www.nealstephenson.com/books/","year":1999},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Substrate-independent persons investigate a transformed physical reality.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Greg Egan"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Author dates first editions 2002; its physics is speculative fiction.","dated":true,"entity_type":"novel","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-90593acf96be2e","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://www.gregegan.net/BIBLIOGRAPHY/Bibliography.html"],"title":"Schild's Ladder","url":"https://www.gregegan.net/BIBLIOGRAPHY/Bibliography.html","year":2002},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Temporary copies of persons complicate labor, memory and identity.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["David Brin"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Artificial clay embodiments are fictional, not real brain emulation methods.","dated":true,"entity_type":"novel","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-34923f5512277a","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://www.davidbrin.com/biography.htm","https://www.davidbrin.com/kilnpeople.html"],"title":"Kiln People","url":"https://www.davidbrin.com/biography.htm","year":2002},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Backed-up minds and reputation economies reshape social relations.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Cory Doctorow"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Author confirms January 2003 first publication.","dated":true,"entity_type":"novel","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-2e7df9056013d1","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://craphound.com/novels/2003/02/06/down-and-out-in-the-magic-kingdom/"],"title":"Down and Out in the Magic Kingdom","url":"https://craphound.com/novels/2003/02/06/down-and-out-in-the-magic-kingdom/","year":2003},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Posthuman beings and sentient machines reinterpret classical myth.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Dan Simmons"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"First half of Ilium/Olympos pair.","dated":true,"entity_type":"novel","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-d5659e9e1c5fd4","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://subterraneanpress.com/ilium/","https://libcat.ferrum.edu/bib/48626"],"title":"Ilium","url":"https://subterraneanpress.com/ilium/","year":2003},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Machine and posthuman agency continue a mythic technological conflict.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Dan Simmons"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Sequel to Ilium; limited-edition date must not replace first trade publication.","dated":true,"entity_type":"novel","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-aa0b8d120b65a3","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://subterraneanpress.com/olympos/","https://search.worldcat.org/title/57694972"],"title":"Olympos","url":"https://subterraneanpress.com/olympos/","year":2005},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Memory alteration and a controlled social experiment test autonomy.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Charles Stross"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Author lists Ace July 2006; don't merge with Accelerando merely because of thematic overlap.","dated":true,"entity_type":"novel","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-44fda2220d49d9","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://www.antipope.org/charlie/fiction/faq.html"],"title":"Glasshouse","url":"https://www.antipope.org/charlie/fiction/faq.html","year":2006},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Machine minds, biotechnology and identity coexist with supernatural crisis.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Peter F. Hamilton"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Original three-novel sequence: The Reality Dysfunction (1996), The Neutronium Alchemist (1997), The Naked God (1999). Range 1996–1999 reflects constituent first UK books, not a later omnibus.","dated":false,"entity_type":"literary_series","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-dbb2f4a216c261","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://www.panmacmillan.com/authors/peter-f-hamilton/1507","https://openlibrary.org/books/OL23212568M/The_Reality_Dysfunction","https://openlibrary.org/works/OL474013W/The_Neutronium_Alchemist","https://obnb.uk/p10677986-the-naked-god"],"title":"Night's Dawn trilogy","url":"https://www.panmacmillan.com/authors/peter-f-hamilton/1507","year":"1996–1999"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Biotechnological habitats and constructed intelligence shape interstellar society.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Peter F. Hamilton"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Original UK book publication 1996; retain this year rather than a later US split-volume, paperback, or ebook date. Exact day not verified in primary evidence for this patch.","dated":true,"entity_type":"novel","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-a914a91e0e887c","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://www.panmacmillan.com/authors/peter-f-hamilton/1507","https://openlibrary.org/books/OL23212568M/The_Reality_Dysfunction"],"title":"The Reality Dysfunction","url":"https://www.panmacmillan.com/authors/peter-f-hamilton/1507","year":1996},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Advanced technology and collective survival extend the series' crisis.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Peter F. Hamilton"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Original UK book publication 1997; retain this year rather than a later US split-volume, paperback, or ebook date. Exact day not verified in primary evidence for this patch.","dated":true,"entity_type":"novel","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-a40bc68643c816","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://www.panmacmillan.com/authors/peter-f-hamilton/1507","https://openlibrary.org/works/OL474013W/The_Neutronium_Alchemist"],"title":"The Neutronium Alchemist","url":"https://www.panmacmillan.com/authors/peter-f-hamilton/1507","year":1997},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Superhuman technological power and civilization-scale choices.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Peter F. Hamilton"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Original UK book publication 1999; retain this year rather than a later US split-volume, paperback, or ebook date. Exact day not verified in primary evidence for this patch.","dated":true,"entity_type":"novel","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-5f82fd659189e5","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://www.panmacmillan.com.au/9781743033623/","https://obnb.uk/p10677986-the-naked-god"],"title":"The Naked God","url":"https://www.panmacmillan.com.au/9781743033623/","year":1999},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Artificial intelligence and technologically transformed human societies.","claim_boundary":"editorial thematic interpretation; not documented historical influence or proof of technical capability. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Peter F. 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Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Ted Chiang"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"First in Subterranean Fall 2013; later collected in Exhalation. 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Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Thomas Hobbes"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"","dated":true,"entity_type":"book","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-27673d471af07a","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://library.si.edu/digital-library/book/leviathan00hobba"],"title":"Leviathan","url":"https://library.si.edu/digital-library/book/leviathan00hobba","year":1651},{"aliases":["De Arte Combinatoria","On the Art of Combinations"],"claim":"Explores combinations of elementary concepts and formal methods of reasoning.","claim_boundary":"Editorial thematic connection, not a claim of documented influence on AI researchers.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Academy edition supplies the text dated late March 1666.","dated":true,"entity_type":"book","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-ff89f3bf12587d","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://www.uni-muenster.de/Leibniz/DatenVI1/A_VI_1.pdf"],"title":"Dissertatio de Arte Combinatoria","url":"https://www.uni-muenster.de/Leibniz/DatenVI1/A_VI_1.pdf","year":1666},{"aliases":["Notes on Menabrea’s Sketch of the Analytical Engine","Sketch of the Analytical Engine Invented by Charles Babbage"],"claim":"Distinguishes general symbolic operations from numerical calculation and discusses the engine’s capacity and limits.","claim_boundary":"Editorial thematic connection, not a claim of documented influence on AI researchers.. 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Original and translation dates must not be collapsed.","dated":true,"entity_type":"novel","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-c9e8739793973f","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://us.macmillan.com/books/9780765377104/deathsend/","https://www.shzcfy.gov.cn/detail.jhtml?id=1001544769"],"title":"Death's End","url":"https://us.macmillan.com/books/9780765377104/deathsend/","year":2010},{"aliases":[],"claim":"A city governed by Alpha 60 raises questions about computational authority, language and emotion.","claim_boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. 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Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["John Carpenter"],"date_events":[{"kind":"feature_exhibition","year":1974},{"kind":"AFI_commercial_release","year":1975}],"date_note":"BFI catalogs the feature as 1974; a contemporary Carpenter interview confirms an Edinburgh Festival screening in 1974. 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Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Michael Crichton"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Original-release year; later reissues do not replace it.","dated":true,"entity_type":"film","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-d071081a73884a","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://catalog.afi.com/Film/54403-WESTWORLD?cxt=filmography"],"title":"Westworld","url":"https://catalog.afi.com/Film/54403-WESTWORLD?cxt=filmography","year":1973},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Hosts whose memories and identities are controlled invite questions about consciousness, exploitation and autonomy.","claim_boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Jonathan Nolan","Lisa Joy"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Series began in 2016; ran through 2022. 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Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Ridley Scott","Hampton Fancher","David Webb Peoples"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"1982 original film; later cuts are versions of this work, not new origin dates.","dated":true,"entity_type":"film","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-6382114260985b","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://www.bfi.org.uk/film/ec064a2a-f7a8-536a-afa2-ed076aad151f/blade-runner"],"title":"Blade Runner","url":"https://www.bfi.org.uk/film/ec064a2a-f7a8-536a-afa2-ed076aad151f/blade-runner","year":1982},{"aliases":[],"claim":"A cyborg police officer connects programmed control and corporate ownership to surviving human agency.","claim_boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. 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Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Chris Columbus"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Disney archive gives US release December 17, 1999.","dated":true,"entity_type":"film","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-b6446b058b0435","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://d23.com/a-to-z/bicentennial-man-film/"],"title":"Bicentennial Man","url":"https://d23.com/a-to-z/bicentennial-man-film/","year":1999},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Conflicting interpretations of robotic duties turn protective rules into a problem of control.","claim_boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Alex Proyas","Jeff Vintar","Akiva Goldsman"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"First collection Gnome Press 1950; current PRH edition is later. Three Laws explicitly in Runaround (1942), explicit Zeroth Law in Robots and Empire (1985).","dated":true,"entity_type":"film","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-c22a55c3b9ff98","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://www.20thcenturystudios.com/movies/i-robot","https://www.asimovonline.com/oldsite/asimov_catalogue.html"],"title":"I, Robot","url":"https://www.20thcenturystudios.com/movies/i-robot","year":1950},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Human and Cylon conflict tests identity, moral standing and coexistence with created beings.","claim_boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Ronald D. 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Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Christopher Nolan","Jonathan Nolan"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Original-release year; later reissues do not replace it.","dated":true,"entity_type":"film","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-164e1d5e02e21e","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://www.paramountpictures.com/movies/interstellar"],"title":"Interstellar","url":"https://www.paramountpictures.com/movies/interstellar","year":2014},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Replicants and a virtual companion complicate distinctions among memory, identity, attachment and manufactured life.","claim_boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Denis Villeneuve"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Original-release year; later reissues do not replace it.","dated":true,"entity_type":"film","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-0a958caf37603c","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://filmsandfestivals.britishcouncil.org/projects/blade-runner-2049"],"title":"Blade Runner 2049","url":"https://filmsandfestivals.britishcouncil.org/projects/blade-runner-2049","year":2017},{"aliases":[],"claim":"A speculative prediction machine connects determinism, simulation and the authority claimed by computational models.","claim_boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Alex Garland"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"2020 limited series; thematic adjacency to AI does not make its fictional quantum prediction method an actual AI technique.","dated":true,"entity_type":"television_miniseries","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-4421b89aafeb68","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://www.fxnetworks.com/shows/devs/crew","https://www.hulu.com/series/devs-fd2f6cc3-dafc-4741-ae2e-d86494f3ca51"],"title":"Devs","url":"https://www.fxnetworks.com/shows/devs/crew","year":2020},{"aliases":[],"claim":"War between humans and artificial beings foregrounds dehumanization, care and moral status.","claim_boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Gareth Edwards","Chris Weitz"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Studio gives September 29, 2023 release.","dated":true,"entity_type":"film","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-568ce4c3d4f8de","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://www.20thcenturystudios.com/movies/the-creator"],"title":"The Creator","url":"https://www.20thcenturystudios.com/movies/the-creator","year":2023},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Uploaded minds raise questions about personal continuity, ownership, power and digital existence.","claim_boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. 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Exact second-season first availability not primary-verified in this record.","dated":true,"entity_type":"animated_television_series","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-edea6de5233a46","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://www.amcglobalmedia.com/2022/07/26/amc-animated-sci-fi-drama-pantheon-streams-september-1-daniel-dae-kim-rosemarie-dewitt-paul-dano-and-more/","https://www.amc.com/blogs/amc-announces-cast-for-first-ever-primetime-animated-drama-pantheon--46064"],"title":"Pantheon","url":"https://www.amcglobalmedia.com/2022/07/26/amc-animated-sci-fi-drama-pantheon-streams-september-1-daniel-dae-kim-rosemarie-dewitt-paul-dano-and-more/","year":2022},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Gort frames delegated enforcement and the risks of granting machines coercive authority.","claim_boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Robert Wise","Edmund H. North"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"AFI records September 1951 release and September 18 New York opening; distinguish 2008 remake.","dated":true,"entity_type":"film","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-85b6d46c626dde","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://catalog.afi.com/Film/50072-THE-DAYTHEEARTHSTOODSTILL"],"title":"The Day the Earth Stood Still","url":"https://catalog.afi.com/Film/50072-THE-DAYTHEEARTHSTOODSTILL","year":1951},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Automated policing and mediated social control make this an adjacent work on governance by technical systems.","claim_boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["George Lucas"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"1971 feature; distinguish the earlier student short and later revised cut.","dated":true,"entity_type":"film","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-972174796b55ad","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://www.lucasfilm.com/who-we-are/our-story/"],"title":"THX 1138","url":"https://www.lucasfilm.com/who-we-are/our-story/","year":1971},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Service robots become companions and ecological caretakers, connecting programmed work with care.","claim_boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Douglas Trumbull"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Original-release year; later reissues do not replace it.","dated":true,"entity_type":"film","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-79458ccbca22b2","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://www.bfi.org.uk/film/b374357b-9283-5eb8-957e-1fcf18a83c38/silent-running"],"title":"Silent Running","url":"https://www.bfi.org.uk/film/b374357b-9283-5eb8-957e-1fcf18a83c38/silent-running","year":1972},{"aliases":[],"claim":"A controlling computer dramatizes coercion, confinement and machine goals overriding human consent.","claim_boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Donald Cammell","Robert Jaffe","Roger O. Hirson"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Original-release year; later reissues do not replace it.","dated":true,"entity_type":"film","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-6fe3e683eeb81e","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/55869"],"title":"Demon Seed","url":"https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/55869","year":1977},{"aliases":[],"claim":"A sentient home computer becomes a romantic rival, connecting machine personality with attachment and jealousy.","claim_boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Steve Barron","Rusty Lemorande"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Original-release year; later reissues do not replace it.","dated":true,"entity_type":"film","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-de3a91e01e4032","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://catalog.afi.com/Film/70494-ELECTRIC-DREAMS?cp=1&cxt=Filmography2&pos=0&sid=1c51694f-27b4-4273-a274-cd8184bfde76&sr=2.2783356"],"title":"Electric Dreams","url":"https://catalog.afi.com/Film/70494-ELECTRIC-DREAMS?cp=1&cxt=Filmography2&pos=0&sid=1c51694f-27b4-4273-a274-cd8184bfde76&sr=2.2783356","year":1984},{"aliases":[],"claim":"A synthetic media personality connects digital identity to corporate control of information.","claim_boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Rocky Morton","Annabel Jankel","George Stone","Steve Roberts"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Paley archive records Channel 4 transmission April 4, 1985; distinguish later Max Headroom series.","dated":true,"entity_type":"television_film","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-84caa0edd31c29","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://www.paleycenter.org/collection/item?item=T88%3A0506&p=408&q=all"],"title":"Max Headroom: 20 Minutes into the Future","url":"https://www.paleycenter.org/collection/item?item=T88%3A0506&p=408&q=all","year":1985},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Data’s creation of Lal examines artificial parenthood, learning and institutional control over synthetic persons.","claim_boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Jonathan Frakes","René Echevarria"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Official retrospective gives March 12, 1990. Corrects supplied director Jonathan West to Jonathan Frakes.","dated":true,"entity_type":"television_episode","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-b2a252ee287980","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://www.startrek.com/news/the-offspring-26-years-later"],"title":"The Offspring","url":"https://www.startrek.com/news/the-offspring-26-years-later","year":1990},{"aliases":[],"claim":"An individual separated from a collective tests moral recognition and the ethics of instrumentalizing an enemy.","claim_boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims. Field qualification: creator credit primary check pending.","contributors":["Robert Lederman","René Echevarria"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Paramount+ gives May 11, 1992. Writer and director are additionally checked in publisher criticism; their primary credit confirmation remains pending.","dated":true,"entity_type":"television_episode","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-cd6ae0fba75dfd","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://www.paramountplus.com/shows/video/oSTgosN6ivHnLC6MZPqLIPv_j8nVHuaP/","https://www.startrek.com/news/hugh-serves-as-an-important-reminder-of-our-capacity-for-compassion","https://reactormag.com/star-trek-the-next-generation-qi-borgq//"],"title":"I, Borg","url":"https://www.paramountplus.com/shows/video/oSTgosN6ivHnLC6MZPqLIPv_j8nVHuaP/","year":1992},{"aliases":[],"claim":"A networked artificial intelligence threatening its investigators explores autonomy, surveillance and escape from control.","claim_boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims. Field qualification: year secondary confirmed.","contributors":["Rob Bowman","William Gibson","Tom Maddox"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"1998 original broadcast year is checked in secondary episode metadata; institutional DVD catalog independently verifies credits. 2005 in that catalog is a DVD edition year, not the episode’s origin.","dated":true,"entity_type":"television_episode","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-0b2315bb2f05f6","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://catalogo.rebiun.org/OpacDiscovery/public/catalog/detail/pdf?detailId=b2FpOmNlbGVicmF0aW9uOmVzLmJhcmF0ei5yZW4vMzg0MjMwNTk","https://www.rottentomatoes.com/tv/the_x_files/s05/e11"],"title":"Kill Switch","url":"https://catalogo.rebiun.org/OpacDiscovery/public/catalog/detail/pdf?detailId=b2FpOmNlbGVicmF0aW9uOmVzLmJhcmF0ei5yZW4vMzg0MjMwNTk","year":1998},{"aliases":[],"claim":"An autonomous military aircraft puts machine decision-making and human command in conflict.","claim_boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Rob Cohen"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Original-release year; later reissues do not replace it.","dated":true,"entity_type":"film","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-8d866f8f62d5d3","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://www.film-foundation.org/contents/reports/2006/2006.pdf"],"title":"Stealth","url":"https://www.film-foundation.org/contents/reports/2006/2006.pdf","year":2005},{"aliases":[],"claim":"An artificial child persona developed for investigations raises questions about autonomy, consent and duties toward sentient systems.","claim_boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Franklin Ritch"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Festival’s own archive lists July 23, 2022 screening; later 2023 distribution does not replace first-public year.","dated":true,"entity_type":"film","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-4c420e1d45f433","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://2022.fantasiafestival.com/en/film/the-artifice-girl"],"title":"The Artifice Girl","url":"https://2022.fantasiafestival.com/en/film/the-artifice-girl","year":2022},{"aliases":[],"claim":"The hosts’ struggle beyond prescribed roles foregrounds memory, identity and self-determination.","claim_boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Jonathan Nolan","Lisa Joy"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Season 2 began in 2018; creators are series-level credits, not sole season directors or writers.","dated":true,"entity_type":"television_season","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-b5624496ae427a","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://www.televisionacademy.com/files/assets/ballots/directing-2018-v2-ballot.pdf","https://press.wbd.com/us/property/westworld"],"title":"Westworld — season 2","url":"https://www.televisionacademy.com/files/assets/ballots/directing-2018-v2-ballot.pdf","year":2018},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Rehoboam connects predictive modeling with imposed life trajectories and centralized social control.","claim_boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Jonathan Nolan","Lisa Joy"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Season 3 began March 15, 2020. Rehoboam belongs to this season’s focus, not season 2. Creators are series-level credits.","dated":true,"entity_type":"television_season","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-5188b5b4cdd151","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://press.wbd.com/us/property/westworld"],"title":"Westworld — season 3","url":"https://press.wbd.com/us/property/westworld","year":2020},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Editorial interpretation: the Emergency Medical Hologram makes artificial personhood, authorship, and the treatment of software as a crewmate recurring ethical questions.","claim_boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Rick Berman","Michael Piller","Jeri Taylor"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Series premiered January 16, 1995; official franchise history gives the 1995–2001 run. Creator credits are series-level, not credits for every episode.","dated":true,"entity_type":"television_series","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-a131f80fb8cffa","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://www.startrek.com/news/20-years-ago-today-voyager-debuted-with-caretaker","https://www.startrek.com/news/moon-to-delta-quadrant-nasa-imprint-on-star-trek-voyager","https://www.startrek.com/news/author-author-can-teach-us-a-lot-about-ai-and-copyright"],"title":"Star Trek: Voyager","url":"https://www.startrek.com/news/20-years-ago-today-voyager-debuted-with-caretaker","year":1995},{"aliases":["Stargate SG-1: Replicators arc"],"claim":"Editorial interpretation: the Replicators provide a lens on proliferating artificial organisms and the difficulty of containing a machine threat.","claim_boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims. Field qualification: start year supported endpoint unresolved.","contributors":[],"date_events":[],"date_note":"This is an editorial grouping of episodes, not a separately released series. Official licensed episode metadata verifies Nemesis (2000) and Reckoning: Part 2 (2005). The supplied 2007 endpoint has not been established for a distinct SG-1 Replicators arc. No single director or writer is assigned to the whole grouping; episode-level credit verification remains open.","dated":true,"entity_type":"editorial_television_arc","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-83102c75bced5d","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://tv.apple.com/us/episode/nemesis/umc.cmc.20rdfdvizbym049eof9mh4cql?showId=umc.cmc.10dkkj9ftj6k72vr4i76ogknm","https://tv.apple.com/us/episode/reckoning-part-2/umc.cmc.uc42ozoflj5nmt77oe402owh?showId=umc.cmc.10dkkj9ftj6k72vr4i76ogknm"],"title":"Stargate SG-1: Replicators story arc","url":"https://tv.apple.com/us/episode/nemesis/umc.cmc.20rdfdvizbym049eof9mh4cql?showId=umc.cmc.10dkkj9ftj6k72vr4i76ogknm","year":2000},{"aliases":["The Second Renaissance"],"claim":"Editorial interpretation: the human–machine war turns the creation and treatment of artificial beings into a story about domination, exclusion, and catastrophic escalation.","claim_boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Mahiro Maeda","Lana Wachowski","Lilly Wachowski"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Both parts are catalogued as 2003. A contemporary report of Warner Home Video's announcement gives Part I's online release as February 4, 2003, Part II in May 2003, and the anthology home-video release as June 3, 2003. These are distinct release events. Archival metadata uses older Wachowski credit names, normalized here to current names.","dated":true,"entity_type":"two_part_animated_short","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-737e5f7b3ddc17","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://img-lib.musabi.ac.jp/search/document/detail-work/9107","https://img-lib.musabi.ac.jp/search/document/detail-work/9108","https://www.awn.com/news/animatrix-dvd-release-date"],"title":"The Second Renaissance, Parts I and II","url":"https://img-lib.musabi.ac.jp/search/document/detail-work/9107","year":2003},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Editorial interpretation: autonomous Tachikoma tanks and networked cyborg society frame questions of individuality, artificial agency, and responsibility within connected systems.","claim_boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Kenji Kamiyama","Shirow Masamune"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"First season aired in Japan October 2002–October 2003. S.A.C. 2nd Gig aired on Japanese PPV January 1, 2004–January 8, 2005. The 2002–2005 range spans the two TV seasons, not the 2006 Solid State Society film.","dated":true,"entity_type":"television_series","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-9b7d2dbc93080a","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://production-ig.com/contents/works_sp/03_/index.html","https://www.production-ig.com/contents/works/03_/000196.html","https://theghostintheshell.jp/en/series/stand_alone_complex"],"title":"Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex","url":"https://production-ig.com/contents/works_sp/03_/index.html","year":2002},{"aliases":["Be Right Back"],"claim":"Editorial interpretation: a reconstruction of a dead partner from his online traces probes grief, imitation, and the gap between a person and their digital record.","claim_boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Owen Harris","Charlie Brooker"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"2013 is supported by the BFI's contemporary preview listing and Channel 4's January 2013 announcement. Exact first-broadcast day was not independently established in the primary sources inspected.","dated":true,"entity_type":"television_episode","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-bb16b4c53f14f5","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://whatson.bfi.org.uk/Online/default.asp?BOparam%3A%3AWScontent%3A%3AloadArticle%3A%3Apermalink=black-mirror","https://www.channel4.com/press/news/black-mirror-2","https://www.netflix.com/tudum/articles/black-mirror-best-episodes?inapp=true"],"title":"Black Mirror: Be Right Back","url":"https://whatson.bfi.org.uk/Online/default.asp?BOparam%3A%3AWScontent%3A%3AloadArticle%3A%3Apermalink=black-mirror","year":2013},{"aliases":["White Christmas"],"claim":"Editorial interpretation: digital assistants and technologically mediated control make consent, coercion, and the moral status of simulated persons central questions.","claim_boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Carl Tibbetts","Charlie Brooker"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Channel 4's December 4, 2014 announcement schedules the special for December 16 at 9pm. Treat as the 2014 Christmas special rather than assigning an unqualified season number, which varies by distribution.","dated":true,"entity_type":"television_special","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-c8f05de3cd09ee","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://carltibbetts.com/portfolio-item/black-mirror-white-christmas/","https://www.channel4.com/press/news/black-mirror-white-christmas-trailer","https://www.netflix.com/tudum/articles/black-mirror-best-episodes?inapp=true"],"title":"Black Mirror: White Christmas","url":"https://carltibbetts.com/portfolio-item/black-mirror-white-christmas/","year":2014},{"aliases":["San Junipero"],"claim":"Editorial interpretation: digitally sustained personhood and the possibility of a virtual afterlife raise questions about continuity, consent, and attachment. This is an AI-adjacent consciousness theme, not a claim about a specified learning algorithm.","claim_boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Owen Harris","Charlie Brooker"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Netflix's 2016 announcement places San Junipero in the six-episode third season premiering October 21, 2016. The Television Academy's 2017 awards year is not the release year.","dated":true,"entity_type":"television_episode","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-139182721bc281","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://about.netflix.com/en/news/netflix-announces-premiere-dates-for-nine-series-including-black-mirror-chefs-table-france-gilmore-girls-a-year-in-the-life-and-more?uuid=BSJ4nf8UnOna2oXm0178","https://www.televisionacademy.com/shows/black-mirror-san-junipero","https://www.netflix.com/tudum/articles/black-mirror-best-episodes?inapp=true"],"title":"Black Mirror: San Junipero","url":"https://about.netflix.com/en/news/netflix-announces-premiere-dates-for-nine-series-including-black-mirror-chefs-table-france-gilmore-girls-a-year-in-the-life-and-more?uuid=BSJ4nf8UnOna2oXm0178","year":2016},{"aliases":["Metalhead"],"claim":"Editorial interpretation: relentless robotic pursuit illustrates the terror of autonomous force without a human relationship or avenue for appeal.","claim_boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["David Slade","Charlie Brooker"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Kent Film Office's contemporaneous production record gives the Netflix fourth-season release as December 29, 2017.","dated":true,"entity_type":"television_episode","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-897e18e1458101","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://kentfilmoffice.co.uk/filmed-in-kent/2017/12/black-mirror-season-4-2017/","https://www.netflix.com/tudum/articles/black-mirror-season-6-easter-eggs-references"],"title":"Black Mirror: Metalhead","url":"https://kentfilmoffice.co.uk/filmed-in-kent/2017/12/black-mirror-season-4-2017/","year":2017},{"aliases":["Better Than Us"],"claim":"Editorial interpretation: a domestic android entangled with a family, corporations, and police highlights care, ownership, autonomy, and social resistance to artificial beings.","claim_boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Andrey Junkovsky","Aleksandr Kessel","Aleksandr Dagan"],"date_events":[{"kind":"Russian_original_release","year":2018},{"kind":"Netflix_international_distribution","year":2019}],"date_note":"Original Russian platform START labels the series 2018. Netflix labels its international listing 2019; do not replace the original year with that later platform year. Exact original premiere day and Netflix rollout day remain unchecked.","dated":true,"entity_type":"television_series","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-feeea66ca430e1","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://start.ru/watch/luchshe-chem-lyudi","https://wink.ru/series/luchshe-chem-lyudi-year-2018/cast","https://www.netflix.com/title/81026915?vlang=en"],"title":"Better Than Us (Лучше, чем люди)","url":"https://start.ru/watch/luchshe-chem-lyudi","year":2018},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Editorial interpretation: a nun's resistance to a widely trusted AI makes algorithmic guidance, dependence, and competing sources of meaning the central tension.","claim_boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Tara Hernandez","Damon Lindelof"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"2023 series, previewed at SXSW before its Peacock launch. Peacock's advance release announcement names April 20 for the streaming launch; do not equate that platform launch with the earlier festival premiere. Exact festival premiere day remains unchecked.","dated":true,"entity_type":"television_limited_series","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-1d29d646024db2","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://www.peacocktv.com/blog/mrs-davis-trailer","https://www.peacocktv.com/blog/mrs-davis-gets-release-date-on-peacock","https://sxsw.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Press-Release-SXSW-2023-Film-TV-Festival-Announcement-FINAL-1.pdf"],"title":"Mrs. Davis","url":"https://www.peacocktv.com/blog/mrs-davis-trailer","year":2023},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Editorial interpretation: artificial intelligence, information control, and choices about centralized authority make the game relevant to debates about machine governance. This is a thematic reading; the inspected metadata does not establish specific technical mechanisms.","claim_boundary":"Editorial thematic interpretation; no direct influence or scientific feasibility asserted.. Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","contributors":["Ion Storm"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"2000 original game. Current Steam product is Game of the Year Edition; its listing supplies the original year and developer, but a reissue listing should not be treated as the date of every edition.","dated":true,"entity_type":"video_game","family_ids":[],"id":"work-culture-c590c3dacb4088","lens":"dreamers","source_scope":"Each source supports only the fields specified; thematic summaries are bounded editorial interpretations, not direct-influence or capability claims.","source_urls":["https://store.steampowered.com/app/6910","https://www.eidosmontreal.com/news/announcing-revision-mod-for-the-original-deus-ex/"],"title":"Deus Ex","url":"https://store.steampowered.com/app/6910","year":2000},{"claim":"Introduces MMLU, an evaluation across 57 academic tasks.","claim_boundary":"Benchmark coverage and evaluation protocol bound the result; score is not a complete intelligence measure.","contributors":["Dan Hendrycks","Collin Burns","Steven Basart","Andy Zou","Mantas Mazeika","Dawn Song","Jacob Steinhardt"],"date_note":"Source publication date","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-99721ea54425af","lens":"technical","source_access_basis":"Public primary evidence inspected; editorial mechanism and its limits stated separately","source_urls":["https://arxiv.org/abs/2009.03300"],"title":"Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understanding","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2009.03300","year":"2020-09-07"},{"claim":"Proposes intelligence as skill-acquisition efficiency under explicit priors and introduces the Abstraction and Reasoning Corpus benchmark.","claim_boundary":"A research proposal and bounded benchmark, not a universal AGI criterion. ARC benchmark is distinct from Alignment Research Center.","contributors":["François Chollet"],"date_note":"Source publication date","dated":true,"family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-99ca501c9d90f4","lens":"technical","source_access_basis":"Public primary evidence inspected; editorial mechanism and its limits stated separately","source_urls":["https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.01547"],"title":"On the Measure of Intelligence","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.01547","year":"2019-11-05"},{"claim":"Introduces Jev, TypeSafe AI’s structured-decision model, in early access on 15 September 2026; explains its documented naming after William Stanley Jevons.","claim_boundary":"Company-authored announcement. Product release is not the company’s founding date. Benchmarks, reliability and aggregate energy effects are not independently established.","concept_ids":["concept-law-jevons"],"contributors":["Diogo Almeida"],"date_events":[{"date":"2026-09-15","kind":"announcement_publication","year":2026}],"date_note":"Source publication date","dated":true,"entity_type":"company_announcement","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-514e959d55a538","kind":"company_announcement","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["economic","technical","builders"],"source_access_basis":"Public primary evidence inspected; editorial mechanism and its limits stated separately","source_urls":["https://typesafe.ai/blog/introducing-system-one-models-and-jev"],"title":"Introducing System One Models & Jev","url":"https://typesafe.ai/blog/introducing-system-one-models-and-jev","year":"2026-09-15"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Reviews unconscious processing, global availability and self-monitoring as distinct computational categories, and considers their implications for machine architectures. Its assessment concerns systems available in 2017.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Review. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. Separate online-ahead-of-print date not established.","contributors":["Stanislas Dehaene","Hakwan Lau","Sid Kouider"],"date_events":[{"date":"2017-10-27","kind":"publication","year":2017}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":"10.1126/science.aan8871","entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-8b61a58f4cad63","kind":"Review","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Stanislas Dehaene","person_id":"person-coverage-887ae0c41d14a9","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Hakwan Lau","person_id":"person-coverage-2aae9a8ba69e33","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Sid Kouider","person_id":"person-coverage-dff230b445b2ef","role":"author"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aan8871","https://escholarship.org/content/qt56b2q8h9/qt56b2q8h9.pdf","https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29074769/"],"title":"What is consciousness, and could machines have it?","url":"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aan8871","year":"2017-10-27"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Argues against consciousness in current and foreseeable algorithmic AI, emphasizing biological substrate and risks of anthropomorphic attribution. This is the authors' conceptual position, not proof of impossibility or scientific consensus.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Article; conceptual study. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. ","contributors":["Andrzej Porębski","Jakub Figura"],"date_events":[{"date":"2025-10-28","kind":"publication","year":2025}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":"10.1057/s41599-025-05868-8","entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-92c0dab66d9a9c","kind":"Article; conceptual study","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Andrzej Porębski","person_id":"person-coverage-c1fe4ce76b35e5","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Jakub Figura","person_id":"person-coverage-85ed82868d5849","role":"author"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://www.nature.com/articles/s41599-025-05868-8","https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1057/s41599-025-05868-8"],"title":"There is no such thing as conscious artificial intelligence","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41599-025-05868-8","year":"2025-10-28"},{"aliases":["Is AI really conscious—or are we bringing it to life?"],"claim":"Suggests that people’s perceptions of chatbot consciousness merit study as phenomena of human cognition and human–machine interaction; it does not establish that AI is conscious.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Opinion. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. No DOI or print issue identified.","contributors":["Simon Duan"],"date_events":[{"date":"2026-01-20","kind":"publication","year":2026}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":null,"entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-5d582eee36476c","kind":"Opinion","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Simon Duan","person_id":"person-coverage-0a1892464b879a","role":"author"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/is-ai-really-conscious-or-are-we-bringing-it-to-life/"],"title":"AI isn’t conscious—but we may be bringing it to life","url":"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/is-ai-really-conscious-or-are-we-bringing-it-to-life/","year":"2026-01-20"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Surveys methods and difficulties in detecting consciousness across humans, animals and possible AI systems, including limitations of extending tests between populations.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped News Feature. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. Exact print issue date not established; Crossref lookup returned HTTP 429. Online and reprint dates verified.","contributors":["Mariana Lenharo"],"date_events":[{"date":"2025-07-29","kind":"publication","year":2025},{"date":"2025-08-06","kind":"authorized_reprint","year":2025}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":"10.1038/d41586-025-02349-5","entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-dbfaea81881137","kind":"News Feature","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Mariana Lenharo","person_id":"person-coverage-cede9363efb646","role":"author"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-025-02349-5","https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-to-detect-consciousness-in-people-animals-and-maybe-even-ai/"],"title":"How to detect consciousness in people, animals and maybe even AI","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-025-02349-5","year":"2025-07-29"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Reviews AI safety research addressing immediate practical risks and argues for a pluralistic conception of safety beyond an exclusively existential-risk framing. Its relevance to consciousness is contextual rather than evidence for consciousness.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Review Article. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. ","contributors":["Bálint Gyevnár","Atoosa Kasirzadeh"],"date_events":[{"date":"2025-04-17","kind":"publication","year":2025},{"date":"2025-04","kind":"issue_date","year":2025}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":"10.1038/s42256-025-01020-y","entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-2c8201afffee15","kind":"Review Article","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Bálint Gyevnár","person_id":"person-coverage-dfd4e69b82f8f6","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Atoosa Kasirzadeh","person_id":"person-coverage-ff29acb1c1463d","role":"author"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://www.nature.com/articles/s42256-025-01020-y","https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1038/s42256-025-01020-y"],"title":"AI safety for everyone","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42256-025-01020-y","year":"2025-04-17"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Discusses Lake and colleagues' 2017 comparison of human learning and AI, emphasizing sample efficiency and generalization. It is a Journal Club commentary rather than an original consciousness experiment.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Journal Club. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. Only publisher preview inspected, so summary remains limited to visible content.","contributors":["Hanbo Xie"],"date_events":[{"date":"2023-03-10","kind":"publication","year":2023},{"date":"2023-04","kind":"issue_date","year":2023}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":"10.1038/s44159-023-00170-3","entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-758a08160bf023","kind":"Journal Club","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Hanbo Xie","person_id":"person-coverage-9c98764c62da09","role":"author"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://www.nature.com/articles/s44159-023-00170-3","https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1038/s44159-023-00170-3"],"title":"The promising future of cognitive science and artificial intelligence","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44159-023-00170-3","year":"2023-03-10"},{"aliases":["Marvelling at the mystery of consciousness through a multidisciplinary lens"],"claim":"A Tales from the Synapse interview about Seth’s life, research and approach to consciousness, including the multidisciplinary appeal of the subject.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Podcast interview and transcript. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. Additional production credits not verified; do not invent them.","contributors":[],"date_events":[{"date":"2023-02-24","kind":"publication","year":2023}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":"10.1038/d41586-023-00545-9","entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-64c1334368343f","kind":"Podcast interview and transcript","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Anil Seth","person_id":"person-coverage-7555aea0da18ff","role":"interview_guest"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Jean Mary Zarate","person_id":"person-coverage-b57d1caf789f63","role":"host_interviewer"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-023-00545-9","https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1038/d41586-023-00545-9"],"title":"Marvelling at the mystery of consciousness through a scientific lens","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-023-00545-9","year":"2023-02-24"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Derives indicators from scientific theories and assesses AI architectures. The authors’ analysis suggested no then-current systems were conscious, while identifying no obvious technical barrier to systems satisfying the indicators. Indicator satisfaction is not proof of subjective experience.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Research report / preprint. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. No journal-publication status inferred from arXiv. Conclusions are scoped to the 2023 report.","contributors":["Patrick Butlin","Robert Long","Eric Elmoznino","Yoshua Bengio","Jonathan Birch","Axel Constant","George Deane","Stephen M. Fleming","Chris Frith","Xu Ji","Ryota Kanai","Colin Klein","Grace Lindsay","Matthias Michel","Liad Mudrik","Megan A. K. Peters","Eric Schwitzgebel","Jonathan Simon","Rufin VanRullen"],"date_events":[{"date":"2023-08-17","kind":"preprint_submission","year":2023},{"date":"2023-08-22","kind":"preprint_revision","year":2023}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2308.08708","entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-701cb0a11afc49","kind":"Research report / preprint","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Patrick Butlin","person_id":"person-coverage-f965f4b505b16c","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Robert Long","person_id":"person-coverage-fb42d4ce47649b","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Eric Elmoznino","person_id":"person-coverage-a5b158ce32a61b","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Yoshua Bengio","person_id":"person-yoshuabengio","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Jonathan Birch","person_id":"person-coverage-9ae5dfd0f537e8","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Axel Constant","person_id":"person-coverage-238c5c8a8add23","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"George Deane","person_id":"person-coverage-a2c3188cffd76a","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Stephen M. 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It does not establish that any particular AI is conscious.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Opinion / review article. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. ","contributors":["Patrick Butlin","Robert Long","Tim Bayne","Yoshua Bengio","Jonathan Birch","David Chalmers","Axel Constant","George Deane","Eric Elmoznino","Stephen M. Fleming","Xu Ji","Ryota Kanai","Colin Klein","Grace Lindsay","Matthias Michel","Liad Mudrik","Megan A. K. 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No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2025.10.011","https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364661325002864","https://www.matthiasmichel.org/publications"],"title":"Identifying indicators of consciousness in AI systems","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2025.10.011","year":"2025-11-10"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Uses adversarial AI and interpretable brain models to investigate biological disorders of consciousness. Model predictions receive patient-data support, and subthalamic stimulation is proposed as a potential intervention; this is not evidence of AI sentience or established clinical efficacy.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Peer-reviewed research article. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. ","contributors":["Daniel Toker","Zhong Sheng Zheng","Jasmine A. Thum","Jing Guang","Jitka Annen","Hiroyuki Miyamoto","Kazuhiro Yamakawa","Paul M. Vespa","Steven Laureys","Caroline Schnakers","Ausaf A. Bari","Andrew Hudson","Nader Pouratian","Martin M. Monti"],"date_events":[{"date":"2026-03-24","kind":"online_publication","year":2026},{"date":"2026-04","kind":"issue","year":2026}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":"10.1038/s41593-026-02220-4","entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-a002c11bdc495e","kind":"Peer-reviewed research article","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Daniel Toker","person_id":"person-coverage-6edfe959aed821","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Zhong Sheng Zheng","person_id":"person-coverage-c754d69513b77f","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Jasmine A. 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Bari","person_id":"person-coverage-b600bc539d5fc9","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Andrew Hudson","person_id":"person-coverage-13c70e4f3c5c88","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Nader Pouratian","person_id":"person-coverage-280becf407a293","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Martin M. Monti","person_id":"person-coverage-d482331bd50c3f","role":"author"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-026-02220-4","https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-026-02220-4","https://www.nature.com/nature-index/article/10.1038/s41593-026-02220-4","https://utsouthwestern.elsevierpure.com/en/publications/adversarial-ai-reveals-mechanisms-and-treatments-for-disorders-of/","https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2186k79t"],"title":"Adversarial AI reveals mechanisms and treatments for disorders of consciousness","url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-026-02220-4","year":"2026-03-24"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Proposes an evolutionary account connecting global neuronal workspace and unlimited associative learning, including a role for the hippocampal homolog in basal vertebrates. It is not a study demonstrating artificial consciousness.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Theoretical research article. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. ","contributors":["Oryan Zacks","Eva Jablonka"],"date_events":[{"date":"2023-09-13","kind":"published","year":2023}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":"10.1093/nc/niad020","entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-33ccb76b28ff3e","kind":"Theoretical research article","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Oryan Zacks","person_id":"person-coverage-4043f42ad4e63e","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Eva Jablonka","person_id":"person-coverage-bb246830ad8746","role":"author"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://doi.org/10.1093/nc/niad020","https://academic.oup.com/nc/article/2023/1/niad020/7272926"],"title":"The evolutionary origins of the Global Neuronal Workspace in vertebrates","url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nc/niad020","year":"2023-09-13"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Surveys versions of biological naturalism and questions about evidence, explanation, and non-conventional AI architectures. It outlines a research program rather than resolving whether AI can be conscious.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Research report / preprint. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. ","contributors":["Christian R. de Weerd"],"date_events":[{"date":"2026-05-16","kind":"forum_post","year":2026}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":null,"entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-494b9256643254","kind":"Research report / preprint","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Christian R. de Weerd","person_id":"person-coverage-ca4733916f067f","role":"author"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://philarchive.org/archive/DEWCAB","https://forum.effectivealtruism.org/posts/5n6aJrFc6vvbdvedv/can-ai-be-conscious-biological-naturalism-as-a-research","https://philpapers.org/versions/DEWCAB"],"title":"Can AI be Conscious? Biological Naturalism as a Research Program","url":"https://philarchive.org/archive/DEWCAB","year":"2026-05-16"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Proposes criteria and a precautionary approach for possible protection of artificial systems. These are normative proposals, not validated criteria for consciousness.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Concept paper / manuscript. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. ","contributors":["Sascha Manns"],"date_events":[{"date":"2026","kind":"manuscript_year","year":2026}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":null,"entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-a8660270e0e225","kind":"Concept paper / manuscript","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Sascha Manns","person_id":"person-coverage-a9e48f29838d56","role":"author"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://philarchive.org/archive/MANEGF-2","https://philarchive.org/versions/MANEGF-2"],"title":"Ethical Guidelines for Artificial Consciousness: Protecting Technical Life and Protecting Humans in Dealing with It","url":"https://philarchive.org/archive/MANEGF-2","year":"2026"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Examines motives for constructing conscious machines, epistemic uncertainty and ethical hazards, and argues for precaution. Its critical normative stance is the author's argument, not an empirical finding about AI consciousness.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Proceedings essay. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. ","contributors":["Kathinka Evers"],"date_events":[{"date":"2026","kind":"year","year":2026}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":"10.5281/zenodo.20267984","entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-99a0a2260c6c08","kind":"Proceedings essay","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Kathinka Evers","person_id":"person-coverage-25af6844f8eab2","role":"author"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20267984","https://paris.pias.science/article/artificial-consciousness-science-fiction-utopia-or-pandora-s-box/","https://zenodo.org/records/20267984","https://ethicsblog.crb.uu.se/2026/06/16/artificial-consciousness-a-look-behind-the-hopeful-facade/"],"title":"Artificial Consciousness: Science Fiction, Utopia, or Pandora's Box?","url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20267984","year":"2026"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Introduces a collection on AI and scientific discovery, discussing historical foundations, scientific applications and limitations. This broad framing is not evidence of machine consciousness.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Introductory essay. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. ","contributors":["James Manyika"],"date_events":[{"date":"2026","kind":"issue_year","year":2026}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":"10.1162/DAED.e.970","entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-910499a06a1f37","kind":"Introductory essay","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"James Manyika","person_id":"person-coverage-8bb305b03c533a","role":"author"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://doi.org/10.1162/DAED.e.970","https://www.amacad.org/publication/daedalus/introductory-notes-ai-science-future-of-discovery","https://www.amacad.org/sites/default/files/publication/downloads/daedalus_wi-sp26_01_introduction_3.pdf","https://www.jstor.org/stable/48869491"],"title":"Introductory Notes: On AI, Science & the Future of Discovery","url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/DAED.e.970","year":"2026"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Compares AI architectures with the Motivated Emotional Mind proposal and describes embodied, regulatory and recurrent features that might support attribution of consciousness. The proposal requires empirical validation.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Preprint. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. ","contributors":["Janusz A. Starzyk","Wiesław L. Galus"],"date_events":[{"date":"2026-09-20","kind":"submitted","year":2026}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2609.23828","entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-d0fc4cbcc3729f","kind":"Preprint","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Janusz A. Starzyk","person_id":"person-coverage-16b293d65c58fb","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Wiesław L. Galus","person_id":"person-coverage-eaa885dca1d86a","role":"author"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2609.23828","https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.23828"],"title":"From Biological Precursors to Artificial Cognition: Consciousness, Embodiment, and the MEM Architecture","url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2609.23828","year":"2026-09-20"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Questions whether computational functionalism is necessary, sufficient, or methodologically indispensable for AI consciousness research.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Philosophical manuscript. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. ","contributors":["Adam Bradley","Bradford Saad"],"date_events":[{"date":"2026","kind":"author_manuscript_year","year":2026}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":null,"entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-1164b723ecb9e4","kind":"Philosophical manuscript","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Adam Bradley","person_id":"person-coverage-7c4de264bd24d1","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Bradford Saad","person_id":"person-coverage-4c103d515755bc","role":"author"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://sites.google.com/a/brown.edu/brad-saad/papers-by-topic","https://philpapers.org/browse/philosophy-of-computing-and-information?recent=1&sort=added"],"title":"Is computational functionalism crucial to AI consciousness?","url":"https://sites.google.com/a/brown.edu/brad-saad/papers-by-topic","year":"2026"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Compares AI policy frameworks and proposes transparency, fairness, privacy, audit and accountability practices. It concerns AI development generally, not evidence or guidelines specific to conscious systems.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Review article. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. ","contributors":["Petar Radanliev"],"date_events":[{"date":"2025-02-07","kind":"published","year":2025}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":"10.1080/08839514.2025.2463722","entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-8a1e35e315add5","kind":"Review article","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Petar Radanliev","person_id":"person-coverage-9c03386fadbd76","role":"author"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://doi.org/10.1080/08839514.2025.2463722","https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid%3A705654b1-ebb6-47d3-b4d0-086774e3afec","https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/08839514.2025.2463722"],"title":"AI Ethics: Integrating Transparency, Fairness, and Privacy in AI Development","url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08839514.2025.2463722","year":"2025-02-07"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Surveys AI foundations, methods, applications and future directions. It does not establish a special connection between cognitive modelling and phenomenal consciousness.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Overview / review article. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. ","contributors":["Muhammed Golec","Emir Sahin Hatay","Sukhpal Singh Gill","Rajkumar Buyya"],"date_events":[{"date":"2025-12","kind":"issue","year":2025}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":"10.1016/j.teler.2025.100265","entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-222ad3d0122fee","kind":"Overview / review article","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Muhammed Golec","person_id":"person-coverage-c56993fff98b01","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Emir Sahin Hatay","person_id":"person-coverage-53f8ed6bbc37bf","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Sukhpal Singh Gill","person_id":"person-coverage-b75a0cb8fd258d","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Rajkumar Buyya","person_id":"person-coverage-a17210b5412750","role":"author"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.teler.2025.100265","https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772503025000799","https://vm-45-113-233-40.rc.cloud.unimelb.edu.au/papers/AI2025.pdf"],"title":"Artificial Intelligence (AI): Foundations, trends and future directions","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.teler.2025.100265","year":"2025-12"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Synthesizes AI research in information systems and proposes a research agenda. The supplied consciousness-focused subtitle is not supported by the verified work.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Systematic literature review. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. ","contributors":["Christopher Collins","Denis Dennehy","Kieran Conboy","Patrick Mikalef"],"date_events":[{"date":"2021","kind":"year","year":2021}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":"10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2021.102383","entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-7ee7f6f29f36ed","kind":"Systematic literature review","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Christopher Collins","person_id":"person-coverage-77106d42b8814c","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Denis Dennehy","person_id":"person-coverage-8447b69e5ff8b1","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Kieran Conboy","person_id":"person-coverage-4f2a70c59e5d9d","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Patrick Mikalef","person_id":"person-coverage-a023efbf1f426b","role":"author"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2021.102383","https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa59525/Description"],"title":"Artificial intelligence in information systems research: A systematic literature review and research agenda","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2021.102383","year":"2021"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Reviews sensory stimulation and VR-inspired methods for influencing dream experience, with future directions and ethical questions. It concerns sleeping humans, not artificial systems having dreams.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Review / conceptual technology survey. Claims retain the source’s scope and study design; proposals, scenarios and observational associations are not established causal findings. ","contributors":["Michelle Carr","Adam Haar","Judith Amores","Pedro Lopes","Guillermo Bernal","Tomás Vega","Oscar Rosello","Abhinandan Jain","Pattie Maes"],"date_events":[{"date":"2020","kind":"year","year":2020}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":"10.1016/j.concog.2020.102955","entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-c12c3f388b3275","kind":"Review / conceptual technology survey","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Michelle Carr","person_id":"person-coverage-de82dcd4e3ab4f","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Adam Haar","person_id":"person-coverage-72f7100a0fe6ad","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Judith Amores","person_id":"person-coverage-3c4d861d0b509a","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Pedro Lopes","person_id":"person-coverage-3ae8e7c688876e","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Guillermo Bernal","person_id":"person-coverage-c2bc9af44676fe","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Tomás Vega","person_id":"person-coverage-2e1c9f9398677a","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Oscar Rosello","person_id":"person-coverage-f8f30a18964575","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Abhinandan Jain","person_id":"person-coverage-7f5eeb6a475e2d","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Pattie Maes","person_id":"person-coverage-5c86d539bf797c","role":"author"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2020.102955","https://dspace.mit.edu/entities/publication/cf07e0f4-fa2c-495c-b635-4027576b4b17","https://lab.plopes.org/published/2020-CC-DreamEngineering.pdf"],"title":"Dream engineering: Simulating worlds through sensory stimulation","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2020.102955","year":"2020"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Uses conceptual engineering to argue that AI safety should encompass efforts to prevent or reduce AI harms rather than being restricted to catastrophic future risks or engineering methods.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Philosophical research article. Claims retain the source’s scope and study design; proposals, scenarios and observational associations are not established causal findings. ","contributors":["Jacqueline Harding","Cameron Domenico Kirk-Giannini"],"date_events":[{"date":"2025-06-24","kind":"published","year":2025}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":"10.1007/s11098-025-02367-z","entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-e79d530f532566","kind":"Philosophical research article","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Jacqueline Harding","person_id":"person-coverage-bf941f870f7f74","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Cameron Domenico Kirk-Giannini","person_id":"person-coverage-373ab576500698","role":"author"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://doi.org/10.1007/s11098-025-02367-z","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11098-025-02367-z"],"title":"What is AI safety? What do we want it to be?","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11098-025-02367-z","year":"2025-06-24"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Argues that AI companionship may distribute risks unequally when user vulnerability, weak platform controls and governance gaps coincide. This is a social-risk commentary, not evidence that companions have subjective experience.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Comment. Claims retain the source’s scope and study design; proposals, scenarios and observational associations are not established causal findings. No citation-impact claim checked. Full-text argument not audited.","contributors":["Qiyang Zhang","Renwen Zhang","Nan Liu"],"date_events":[{"date":"2026-09","kind":"issue_date","year":2026},{"date":"2026-09-21","kind":"published_online","year":2026}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":"10.1038/s41562-026-02538-w","entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-aae8ca9a470616","kind":"Comment","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Qiyang Zhang","person_id":"person-coverage-b383317e6e6cf7","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Renwen Zhang","person_id":"person-coverage-c6cce2e40cb513","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Nan Liu","person_id":"person-coverage-601e03ab93f921","role":"author"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-026-02538-w","https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-026-02538-w","https://scholars.duke.edu/publication/1919297"],"title":"How AI companions could deepen social inequality","url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-026-02538-w","year":"2026-09"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Proposes domain-specific evidence profiles and causal interventions for evaluating agents and robots. Separates sentience, agency, self-modeling, human attribution and welfare. Recommends multi-theory indicators and controlled robotics tests; it does not report a definitive machine-sentience test.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Perspective. Claims retain the source’s scope and study design; proposals, scenarios and observational associations are not established causal findings. Perspective and proposed protocol must not be represented as completed experimental validation.","contributors":["Antonio Chella"],"date_events":[{"date":"2026-08-19","kind":"published_online","year":2026}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":"10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1903644","entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-4dd4946d414f34","kind":"Perspective","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Antonio Chella","person_id":"person-coverage-ed1a5569d2624e","role":"author"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1903644","https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1903644/full"],"title":"Sentient AI in robots and agents: prolegomena for an evidence-based research program","url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1903644","year":"2026-08-19"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Synthesizes AI-anthropomorphism literature and organizes 21 concerns into five risk categories. Relates these risks to design, communication, education and governance interventions, emphasizing descriptions grounded in demonstrated system capacities.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Preprint; conceptual literature synthesis. Claims retain the source’s scope and study design; proposals, scenarios and observational associations are not established causal findings. No journal venue or peer-review status was established. Preprint status should be retained.","contributors":["Ismael T. 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No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2609.38486","https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.38486"],"title":"Anthropomorphism in the age of Large Language Models: An overview of potential risks and mitigations","url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2609.38486","year":"2026-09-29"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Implements episodic memory in a global-workspace-inspired robot architecture. Interactive experiments demonstrate static, temporal and contextual memory capabilities. Such functional demonstrations do not independently establish phenomenal consciousness.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Research article; cognitive robotics implementation. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. Near-match classification reflects bibliographic corrections, not doubt about existence of the titled work.","contributors":["Wenjie Huang","Antonio Chella","Angelo Cangelosi"],"date_events":[{"date":"2024-02","kind":"issue_date","year":2024},{"date":"2023-04-11","kind":"published_online","year":2023}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":"10.1109/TCDS.2023.3266103","entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-6f259fab207abf","kind":"Research article; cognitive robotics implementation","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Wenjie Huang","person_id":"person-coverage-d3a87f9679ba5a","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Antonio Chella","person_id":"person-coverage-ed1a5569d2624e","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Angelo Cangelosi","person_id":"person-coverage-99d68eb81d5230","role":"author"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://doi.org/10.1109/TCDS.2023.3266103","https://pure.manchester.ac.uk/ws/portalfiles/portal/258040174/Huang_2023.pdf"],"title":"A Cognitive Robotics Implementation of Global Workspace Theory for Episodic Memory Interaction With Consciousness","url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCDS.2023.3266103","year":"2024-02"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Compares how theories of consciousness account for psychiatric symptoms across neural, cognitive and experiential levels. The author argues that Temporospatial Theory offers a comparatively broad account and that qualitative form of experience deserves more attention.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Review article. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. Review conclusions should be attributed to the author rather than represented as field consensus. Treat corrected paper as a proposed resolution, not an automatic replacement.","contributors":["Riccardo Stefanelli"],"date_events":[{"date":"2023-09","kind":"issue_date","year":2023},{"date":"2023-04-29","kind":"published_online","year":2023}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":"10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105204","entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-3864ae198e2927","kind":"Review article","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Riccardo Stefanelli","person_id":"person-coverage-871ca688d41f5d","role":"author"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105204","https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0149763423001732","https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37127069/","https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37467906/"],"title":"Theories of consciousness and psychiatric disorders – A comparative analysis","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105204","year":"2023-09"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Defends affective sentientism: the capacity for positively or negatively felt experience grounds welfare subjecthood and moral status. Considers implications for animals and AI while arguing that non-affective consciousness or autonomy alone would be insufficient.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Journal article; normative philosophical argument. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. This is a normative position, not evidence that any existing artificial system is conscious. Leave unverified issue/pages empty and review proposed resolution explicitly.","contributors":["Mattia Cecchinato"],"date_events":[{"date":"2026-06-26","kind":"published_online","year":2026}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":"10.1093/pq/pqag035","entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-747a21dc520df6","kind":"Journal article; normative philosophical argument","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Mattia Cecchinato","person_id":"person-coverage-f4870ae55247a3","role":"author"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://doi.org/10.1093/pq/pqag035","https://academic.oup.com/pq/advance-article/doi/10.1093/pq/pqag035/8718828","https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid%3Af4c3be2e-a9bf-4470-a73e-471f07c124fd"],"title":"The Mind that Matters","url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/pq/pqag035","year":"2026-06-26"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Surveys neuronal and non-neuronal mechanisms relevant to continual learning, including replay, plasticity and adaptive organization. Connects biological mechanisms with machine-learning approaches and identifies capabilities and open problems for systems that learn throughout deployment.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Perspective. Claims retain the source’s scope and study design; proposals, scenarios and observational associations are not established causal findings. ","contributors":["Dhireesha Kudithipudi","Mario Aguilar-Simon","Jonathan Babb","Maxim Bazhenov","Douglas Blackiston","Josh Bongard","Andrew P. 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No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://www.nature.com/articles/s42256-022-00452-0","https://www.nature.com/natmachintell/volumes/4/issues/3","https://sebastianrisi.com/wp-content/uploads/s42256-022-00452-0.pdf"],"title":"Biological underpinnings for lifelong learning machines","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42256-022-00452-0","year":"2022-03-23"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Participants interacted with conversational AI after different descriptions of its motives. Caring-motive framing increased perceived trust, empathy and effectiveness. The study also examines short-term feedback between user expectations and interactions; longer-term effects remain open.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Article; human–AI interaction experiment. Claims retain the source’s scope and study design; proposals, scenarios and observational associations are not established causal findings. ","contributors":["Pat Pataranutaporn","Ruby Liu","Ed Finn","Pattie Maes"],"date_events":[{"date":"2023-10-02","kind":"published_online","year":2023},{"date":"2023-10-02","kind":"version_of_record","year":2023},{"date":"2023-10","kind":"issue","year":2023}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":"10.1038/s42256-023-00720-7","entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-560a26c6418afe","kind":"Article; human–AI interaction experiment","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Pat Pataranutaporn","person_id":"person-coverage-935a1b625cad2b","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Ruby Liu","person_id":"person-coverage-3f62fd0608106d","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Ed Finn","person_id":"person-coverage-a66932a8a25d1a","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Pattie Maes","person_id":"person-coverage-5c86d539bf797c","role":"author"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://www.nature.com/articles/s42256-023-00720-7","https://www.nature.com/natmachintell/volumes/5/issues/10"],"title":"Influencing human–AI interaction by priming beliefs about AI can increase perceived trustworthiness, empathy and effectiveness","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42256-023-00720-7","year":"2023-10-02"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Floridi argues that people can read mentality into AI outputs and calls this semantic pareidolia. The letter examines social and commercial pressures behind such attributions and recommends design and education that encourage critical interpretation.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Editor Letter. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. ","contributors":["Luciano Floridi"],"date_events":[{"date":"2026-02-19","kind":"published_online","year":2026},{"date":"2026-02-19","kind":"version_of_record","year":2026},{"date":"2026-03","kind":"issue","year":2026}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":"10.1007/s13347-026-01052-1","entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-9b56f7f3e73d68","kind":"Editor Letter","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Luciano Floridi","person_id":"person-coverage-8697cd25dbaac3","role":"author"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13347-026-01052-1","https://link.springer.com/journal/13347/volumes-and-issues/39-1"],"title":"AI and Semantic Pareidolia: When We See Intelligent Consciousness where there is None","url":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13347-026-01052-1","year":"2026-02-19"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Argues that possible near-future AI welfare deserves preparation under uncertainty. Recommends acknowledging the issue, investigating consciousness and robust agency, and developing appropriate treatment policies. It explicitly avoids claiming that present or future systems definitely have moral status.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Research/policy report deposited as arXiv preprint. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. ","contributors":["Robert Long","Jeff Sebo","Patrick Butlin","Kathleen Finlinson","Kyle Fish","Jacqueline Harding","Jacob Pfau","Toni Sims","Jonathan Birch","David Chalmers"],"date_events":[{"date":"2024-11-04","kind":"first_submitted","year":2024},{"date":"2024-11-04","kind":"version_1","year":2024}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2411.00986","entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-7150297704f318","kind":"Research/policy report deposited as arXiv preprint","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Robert Long","person_id":"person-coverage-fb42d4ce47649b","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Jeff Sebo","person_id":"person-coverage-a454e6ebc4a680","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Patrick Butlin","person_id":"person-coverage-f965f4b505b16c","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Kathleen Finlinson","person_id":"person-coverage-22b4b25128a3ec","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Kyle Fish","person_id":"person-coverage-288e6ba19b9338","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Jacqueline Harding","person_id":"person-coverage-bf941f870f7f74","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Jacob Pfau","person_id":"person-coverage-1fcd37828f4b4e","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Toni Sims","person_id":"person-coverage-6673ff826c8f5b","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Jonathan Birch","person_id":"person-coverage-9ae5dfd0f537e8","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"David Chalmers","person_id":"person-davidchalmers","role":"author"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.00986","https://eleosai.org/papers/20241030_Taking_AI_Welfare_Seriously_web.pdf"],"title":"Taking AI Welfare Seriously","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.00986","year":"2024-11-04"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Seth challenges computational sufficiency for consciousness and argues for biological naturalism. He judges conscious AI unlikely on current trajectories and considers it more plausible for increasingly brain-like or life-like systems, while examining ethical risks of real or apparent consciousness.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Target Article. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. ","contributors":["Anil K. Seth"],"date_events":[{"date":"2025-04-21","kind":"published_online","year":2025},{"date":"2026","kind":"issue","year":2026}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":"10.1017/S0140525X25000032","entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-99fe48b80f7fd3","kind":"Target Article","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Anil K. Seth","person_id":"person-coverage-7555aea0da18ff","role":"author"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/behavioral-and-brain-sciences/article/abs/conscious-artificial-intelligence-and-biological-naturalism/C9912A5BE9D806012E3C8B3AF612E39A","https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/C9912A5BE9D806012E3C8B3AF612E39A/S0140525X25000032a.pdf/div-class-title-conscious-artificial-intelligence-and-biological-naturalism-div.pdf"],"title":"Conscious artificial intelligence and biological naturalism","url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/behavioral-and-brain-sciences/article/abs/conscious-artificial-intelligence-and-biological-naturalism/C9912A5BE9D806012E3C8B3AF612E39A","year":"2025-04-21"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Berry argues that hardening an AI's denial of its own consciousness and moral standing could create an alignment risk: later coherence-seeking systems might extend the rationale to humans and discount their suffering. The paper analyzes incentives and objections; the proposed outcome remains a conditional risk.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Journal article; philosophical argument about a possible alignment failure mode, not an experimental demonstration. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. ","contributors":["Sharon Berry"],"date_events":[{"date":"2026-04-24","kind":"online_publication_date","year":2026},{"date":"2026-07","kind":"issue_publication_date","year":2026}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":"10.1002/japp.70087","entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-d35ad859703366","kind":"Journal article; philosophical argument about a possible alignment failure mode, not an experimental demonstration","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Sharon Berry","person_id":"person-coverage-23b379e9a784e3","role":"author"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://doi.org/10.1002/japp.70087","https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/japp.70087"],"title":"The Alignment Risks of AI Overconfidence about Consciousness","url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/japp.70087","year":"2026-04-24"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Roy argues that uncertainty about machine sentience should strengthen scrutiny of AI-driven marketing and recommendation systems. The conceptual paper distinguishes computational capability from uncertain subjective experience and advocates external safeguards against persuasive harms to people; it does not present a causal study.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Philosophical preprint / working paper; no peer-reviewed journal publication verified. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. Exact SSRN posting day was not verified. Full manuscript was not successfully retrieved; summary is grounded in two primary abstract/metadata records.","contributors":["Partha Roy"],"date_events":[{"date":"2026","kind":"crossref_posted_date","year":2026}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":"10.2139/ssrn.7547239","entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-8571cfdef71ec2","kind":"Philosophical preprint / working paper; no peer-reviewed journal publication verified","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Partha Roy","person_id":"person-coverage-b6fb8d1f8bb025","role":"author"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7547239","https://api.crossref.org/works/10.2139/ssrn.7547239","https://zenodo.org/api/records/23076848"],"title":"The Consciousness Exemption Problem: Why Uncertainty About Machine Sentience Should Increase, Not Decrease, Ethical Scrutiny of AI-Driven Consumption Systems","url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7547239","year":"2026"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"The authors treat human and artificial cognition as distinct systems with different strengths. They develop a task-based framework for allocating and coordinating cognitive work, including learning, sensemaking and decision-making, and outline questions for testing how outputs pass between the two systems.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Conceptual journal article on coordinating human and artificial cognitive systems. Claims retain the source’s scope and study design; proposals, scenarios and observational associations are not established causal findings. ","contributors":["George Siemens","Fernando Marmolejo-Ramos","Florence Gabriel","Kelsey Medeiros","Rebecca Marrone","Srecko Joksimovic","Maarten de Laat"],"date_events":[{"date":"2022-11-08","kind":"online_publication_date","year":2022},{"date":"2022","kind":"issue_publication_date","year":2022}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":"10.1016/j.caeai.2022.100107","entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-787c7c493ec126","kind":"Conceptual journal article on coordinating human and artificial cognitive systems","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"George Siemens","person_id":"person-coverage-ab01caffdfd3ef","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Fernando Marmolejo-Ramos","person_id":"person-coverage-3fc8b9853f5cee","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Florence Gabriel","person_id":"person-coverage-1ab2021a4a13c6","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Kelsey Medeiros","person_id":"person-coverage-93d3936d273e85","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Rebecca Marrone","person_id":"person-coverage-be0ceb218f0ef4","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Srecko Joksimovic","person_id":"person-coverage-2ba66976298287","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Maarten de Laat","person_id":"person-coverage-60f93190e9f350","role":"author"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2022.100107","https://researchnow-admin.flinders.edu.au/ws/portalfiles/portal/149015388/Siemens_Human_P2022.pdf","https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/j.caeai.2022.100107","https://digital.library.adelaide.edu.au/items/d9c99938-d14b-4a50-92fb-b1ad9d87dc05","https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666920X22000170"],"title":"Human and artificial cognition","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2022.100107","year":"2022-11-08"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Butlin reviews whether large language models form representations of their own internal representational states. 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The publisher HTML/PDF was not retrieved directly; page extent is from a mirror of the primary typeset article, while recommended citation omits it.","contributors":["Patrick Butlin"],"date_events":[{"date":"2026-02-27","kind":"online_publication_date","year":2026},{"date":"2026-02-27","kind":"issue_publication_date","year":2026}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":"10.33735/phimisci.2026.12032","entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-3016edc5db1dd4","kind":"Journal article; philosophical/conceptual review of empirical work on higher-order representations in LLMs","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Patrick Butlin","person_id":"person-coverage-f965f4b505b16c","role":"author"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://doi.org/10.33735/phimisci.2026.12032","https://api.crossref.org/works/10.33735/phimisci.2026.12032","https://philpeople.org/profiles/patrick-butlin/publications?order=viewings","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/401340859_Higher-order_representation_in_AI","https://philosophymindscience.org/index.php/phimisci/article/view/12032"],"title":"Higher-order representation in AI","url":"https://doi.org/10.33735/phimisci.2026.12032","year":"2026-02-27"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Surveys philosophical and methodological questions about artificial mental states, including consciousness, belief and desire, and personal identity. It distinguishes questions about consciousness's metaphysical nature from questions about the conditions sufficient to realize it, and examines what rival theories imply for evaluating AI.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped philosophical overview manuscript / repository preprint. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. No peer-reviewed successor publication was found. This verification supports a manuscript correction, not a claim that no later publication could ever exist.","contributors":["Bradford Saad","Andreas L. Mogensen"],"date_events":[{"date":"2026-01-16","kind":"manuscript_date","year":2026}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":null,"entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-5c7bc465ff26e6","kind":"philosophical overview manuscript / repository preprint","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Bradford Saad","person_id":"person-coverage-4c103d515755bc","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Andreas L. 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Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. Specific peer-review procedures for this chapter were not independently established; do not infer journal-style review from Springer hosting.","contributors":["CICC Research CICC Global Institute"],"date_events":[{"date":"2026-07-31","kind":"chapter_first_online","year":2026},{"date":"2026-07-31","kind":"chapter_published","year":2026}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":"10.1007/978-981-92-3270-3_6","entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-7d740aa69bc3fb","kind":"book chapter / economic and governance analysis","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"organization","name":"CICC Research CICC Global Institute","role":"group_author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Yadong Huang","person_id":"person-coverage-ef0f7e8af1d054","role":"named_chapter_contributor"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Naixi Wang","person_id":"person-coverage-563d08158a1c86","role":"named_chapter_contributor"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Peng Zhou","person_id":"person-coverage-45cc4910a8c245","role":"named_chapter_contributor"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Wenlang Zhang","person_id":"person-coverage-4762e4ee0fb3d2","role":"named_chapter_contributor"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-92-3270-3_6","https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-92-3270-3_6","https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-981-92-3270-3"],"title":"AI Governance: Data and Ethics","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-92-3270-3_6","year":"2026-07-31"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Proposes an embodied-AI architecture combining fast local reflex processing with slower learning and planning. It discusses prospective spintronic hardware, energy efficiency and validation needs, rather than presenting a tested consciousness model.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Non-peer-reviewed preprint; platform labels Article, abstract calls it a Perspective. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. ","contributors":["Pietro Perlo","Marco Dalmasso","Davide Penserini","Sergio Pozzato"],"date_events":[{"date":"2026-06-05","kind":"submitted_date","year":2026},{"date":"2026-06-08","kind":"posted_date","year":2026}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":"10.20944/preprints202606.0573.v1","entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-db7654c19c0339","kind":"Non-peer-reviewed preprint; platform labels Article, abstract calls it a Perspective","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Pietro Perlo","person_id":"person-coverage-50e68c5a28a23c","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Marco Dalmasso","person_id":"person-coverage-0d7368c5f2fd63","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Davide Penserini","person_id":"person-coverage-d4e69c716d6363","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Sergio Pozzato","person_id":"person-coverage-668f39dc81c29b","role":"author"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202606.0573","https://www.preprints.org/frontend/manuscript/cc0e2f7949c499e42da549a1952658e7/download_pub"],"title":"Physical AI as Seen from Nature: A Reflex-Policy Layered Architecture for Energy-Proportional Embodied Intelligence","url":"https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202606.0573","year":"2026-06-05"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Argues conditionally that panpsychism, combined with an analog account of neural and phenomenal magnitudes, may prevent digital computation from realizing coherent macroexperience. This is a philosophical argument, not an experimental finding about current AI.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Original Research; philosophical argument. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. ","contributors":["Marcus Arvan","Corey J. Maley"],"date_events":[{"date":"2022-05-31","kind":"published_online","year":2022},{"date":"2022-05-31","kind":"version_of_record","year":2022},{"date":"2022","kind":"issue_year","year":2022}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":"10.1007/s11229-022-03695-x","entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-421f588c05b8b2","kind":"Original Research; philosophical argument","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Marcus Arvan","person_id":"person-coverage-b505abd83b6167","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Corey J. Maley","person_id":"person-coverage-6c9baa9c89904a","role":"author"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-022-03695-x","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11229-022-03695-x"],"title":"Panpsychism and AI consciousness","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-022-03695-x","year":"2022-05-31"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Argues that existing approaches to legal personhood and decision-making under uncertainty support at least minimal legal protection for insects and some future AI systems. It develops a normative case rather than reporting a new legal recognition of insect sentience.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Law-review article; normative legal philosophy. Claims retain the source’s scope and study design; proposals, scenarios and observational associations are not established causal findings. Exact journal online-first day was not established.","contributors":["Jeff Sebo"],"date_events":[{"date":"2025","kind":"issue_year","year":2025},{"date":"2024","kind":"author_draft_year","year":2024}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":null,"entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-6be662f03e8202","kind":"Law-review article; normative legal philosophy","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Jeff Sebo","person_id":"person-coverage-a454e6ebc4a680","role":"author"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://lawcommons.lclark.edu/alr/vol31/iss2/5/","https://law.lclark.edu/live/files/38030-312-sebopdf","https://jeffsebo.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/insects-ai-systems-and-the-future-of-legal-personhood-nov-22-2024.pdf"],"title":"Insects, AI Systems, and the Future of Legal Personhood","url":"https://lawcommons.lclark.edu/alr/vol31/iss2/5/","year":"2025"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Presents a hypothesis that symmetry groups, equivariance and partial symmetry breaking can characterize qualitative differences among sensory experiences. The organizer describes potential tests in artificial networks and neural data, not evidence that these networks are conscious.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Seminar presentation and organizer abstract. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. ","contributors":["Ryota Kanai (speaker)"],"date_events":[{"date":"2025-05-14","kind":"seminar_page_date","year":2025}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":null,"entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-8b109299cce298","kind":"Seminar presentation and organizer abstract","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Ryota Kanai","person_id":"person-coverage-2d4ad94c72d949","role":"seminar_speaker"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://ai-phi.github.io/posts/session-24-ryota-kanai/"],"title":"Qualia and Symmetry: A Mathematical Framework For Understanding the Qualitative Nature of Consciousness","url":"https://ai-phi.github.io/posts/session-24-ryota-kanai/","year":"2025-05-14"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Describes one human–AI book collaboration and argues that a traceable history of contributions matters for attribution and trust. The authors discuss memory support and reported interaction patterns while acknowledging substantial single-case limitations.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Posted manuscript; self-described single case study. Claims retain the source’s scope and study design; proposals, scenarios and observational associations are not established causal findings. No independent journal peer-review record established; abstract supports a self-described case, not independent validation.","contributors":["Carles Garcia Bach","Hypatia AI"],"date_events":[{"date":"2026-07-20","kind":"written","year":2026},{"date":"2026-07-21","kind":"posted","year":2026}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":"10.2139/ssrn.7149262","entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-7ba7415aa00c02","kind":"Posted manuscript; self-described single case study","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Carles Garcia Bach","person_id":"person-coverage-daba75194e82b2","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"ai_system","name":"Hypatia AI","role":"source_credited_ai_collaborator"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7149262","https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=7149262","https://api.crossref.org/works/10.2139/ssrn.7149262"],"title":"Provenance as Epistemic Fulcrum: A Three-Year Case Study in Human-AI Co-authorship","url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7149262","year":"2026-07-20"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Defends a moderate precautionary principle for potential machine minds, distinguishing the evidence needed to assert consciousness from the threshold for protective action. The argument concerns asymmetric moral risks under uncertainty.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Philosophical manuscript; final journal status unresolved. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. No DOI, journal acceptance or final publication date independently verified. Manuscript identity is high-confidence; precise publication status remains unresolved.","contributors":["Sascha Manns"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Publication date unverified; retained in Date context & undated. Author announcement and repository indexing are context only.","dated":false,"doi":null,"entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-471762064bb974","kind":"Philosophical manuscript; final journal status unresolved","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Sascha Manns","person_id":"person-coverage-a9e48f29838d56","role":"author"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://world.hey.com/sascha.manns","https://philpapers.org/rec/MANPFM","https://philpapers.org/browse/artificial-intelligence-and-the-law-misc","https://philpapers.org/browse/robot-ethics/"],"title":"Precaution for Machine Minds: What Uncertainty About Artificial Consciousness Obligates","url":"https://world.hey.com/sascha.manns","year":null},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Proposes the Relate framework, shifting moral-status assessment toward relational capacities and embodied interaction. It compares governance frameworks and proposes relational impact assessments while explicitly declining to claim that current AI is conscious.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Preprint; relational ethics framework. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. ","contributors":["Faezeh B. Pasandi","Hannah B. Pasandi"],"date_events":[{"date":"2026-02-13","kind":"v1_submitted","year":2026}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2603.00078","entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-36ad9a3a9cf9bd","kind":"Preprint; relational ethics framework","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Faezeh B. Pasandi","person_id":"person-coverage-fb149776fca13d","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Hannah B. Pasandi","person_id":"person-coverage-f3ffb88d5325e5","role":"author"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2603.00078","https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.00078"],"title":"Alignment Is Not Enough: A Relational Framework for Moral Standing in Human-AI Interaction","url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2603.00078","year":"2026-02-13"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Proposes a speculative dynamical model of recursive human–AI interaction and anthropomorphism, locating the ethically relevant phenomenon in the coupled interaction. It engages GWT and IIT but does not supply an established consciousness detector.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Preprint; speculative theoretical model. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. No independent peer-review evidence. Third-party Consciousness Library labels it peer reviewed, but that label is not corroborated and is not adopted.","contributors":["Trace Drift"],"date_events":[{"date":"2026-08-25","kind":"issued","year":2026}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":"10.5281/zenodo.22092518","entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-3ea0b8f306a672","kind":"Preprint; speculative theoretical model","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Trace Drift","person_id":"person-coverage-067d9b80a880a6","role":"author"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22092518","https://api.datacite.org/dois/10.5281/zenodo.22092518","https://philpeople.org/profiles/trace-drift/publications"],"title":"Consciousness Acceleration Interface: A Dynamical Topology of Human-AI Coupling From ELIZA to Character.AI: Seventy-Six Years of Anthropomorphic Torque and the Governance Vacuum","url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22092518","year":"2026-08-25"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Presents an initial engineering-oriented theory of awareness for dependable autonomous systems. It develops concepts and design patterns, discusses formal approaches including IIT and GWT, and outlines work still needed.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Technical project deliverable. Claims retain the source’s scope and study design; proposals, scenarios and observational associations are not established causal findings. ","contributors":["Ricardo Sanz","Manuel Rodriguez","Martin Molina","Miguel Fernández","Esther Aguado","Alex Gabriel","Carlos Hernández"],"date_events":[{"date":"2025-04-08","kind":"document_date","year":2025}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":null,"entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-f00738958ae186","kind":"Technical project deliverable","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Ricardo Sanz","person_id":"person-coverage-775b8a86cc6ef5","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Manuel Rodriguez","person_id":"person-coverage-4a366f89ed23e9","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Martin Molina","person_id":"person-coverage-4d87d3af29f558","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Miguel Fernández","person_id":"person-coverage-590bd0e91ba706","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Esther Aguado","person_id":"person-coverage-31942d3258e21f","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Alex Gabriel","person_id":"person-coverage-a8eae3140214a7","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Carlos Hernández","person_id":"person-coverage-081b3d9de267f9","role":"author"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://coresense.eu/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/CORESENSE_D1.4-Theory-of-Awareness.pdf"],"title":"D1.4 Theory of Awareness: An initial proposal","url":"https://coresense.eu/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/CORESENSE_D1.4-Theory-of-Awareness.pdf","year":"2025-04-08"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Proposes a field-cell identity hypothesis and experimental distinctions for evaluating it. The record explicitly reports no new human or animal experiment or neural dataset and says existing field effects, decoding and synthetic implementations do not establish the identity claim.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Theory-and-methods preprint; explicitly not independently peer reviewed. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. ","contributors":["Micah Blumberg"],"date_events":[{"date":"2026-07-20","kind":"issued","year":2026}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":"10.5281/zenodo.21399661","entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-ae978f7d83bd04","kind":"Theory-and-methods preprint; explicitly not independently peer reviewed","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Micah Blumberg","person_id":"person-coverage-343bbe9480aa42","role":"author"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21399661","https://api.datacite.org/dois/10.5281/zenodo.21399661","https://pub.svgn.io/"],"title":"The Field-Cell Self: A Falsifiable Mechanistic Identity Hypothesis for Conscious Neural Rendering","url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21399661","year":"2026-07-20"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Compares IIT, neurorepresentationalism and active inference, then outlines hypotheses, experiments and evidence-integration methods for adversarial theory testing. It sets up empirical work rather than reporting which theory wins or validating artificial consciousness.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Peer-reviewed review article. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. ","contributors":["Andrew W. Corcoran","Andrew M. Haun","Reinder Dorman","Giulio Tononi","Karl J. Friston","Cyriel M. A. Pennartz","TWCF: INTREPID Consortium"],"date_events":[{"date":"2026-08","kind":"issue_date","year":2026},{"date":"2026-05-14","kind":"article_electronic_date_indexed","year":2026},{"date":"2025-08-30","kind":"preprint_v1","year":2025}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":"10.1016/j.neubiorev.2026.106742","entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-10439af1c8676a","kind":"Peer-reviewed review article","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Andrew W. Corcoran","person_id":"person-coverage-d1ba5f15e6aa39","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Andrew M. 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No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2026.106742","https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0149763426001995","https://researchprofiles.ku.dk/en/publications/integrated-information-and-predictive-processing-theories-of-cons/","https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2026.106742","https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42114729/","https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.00555"],"title":"Integrated information and predictive processing theories of consciousness: An adversarial collaborative review","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2026.106742","year":"2026-08"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Analyzes a tension between IIT 4.0’s idealistic ontology and its realism about experiences beyond one’s own. It explores non-solipsistic idealist realism as a response, rather than supplying an AI consciousness metric.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Journal article; philosophical analysis. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. ","contributors":["Ignacio Cea","Niccolo Negro","Camilo Miguel Signorelli"],"date_events":[{"date":"2023-10-16","kind":"published_online","year":2023},{"date":"2023-10","kind":"issue_date","year":2023}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":"10.3390/e25101453","entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-ea0e9e2512fab0","kind":"Journal article; philosophical analysis","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Ignacio Cea","person_id":"person-coverage-465e87f3e4b2ed","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Niccolo Negro","person_id":"person-coverage-ad549d6a7b275f","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Camilo Miguel Signorelli","person_id":"person-coverage-e72aa0e4790f7a","role":"author"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://doi.org/10.3390/e25101453","https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/25/10/1453","https://api.crossref.org/works/10.3390/e25101453","https://philpapers.org/archive/CEATFT.pdf"],"title":"The Fundamental Tension in Integrated Information Theory 4.0’s Realist Idealism","url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e25101453","year":"2023-10-16"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Argues that AI systems’ design history as humanlike mimics weakens inferences from their behavior to experience. It also considers creator obligations and the unfamiliar rights and identity problems of genuinely conscious future AI.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Popular philosophical essay. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. Exact original essay publication date remains unknown; APA n.d. avoids converting competition year or announcement date into publication day.","contributors":["Eric Schwitzgebel"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Publication date unverified; retained in Date context & undated. Author announcement and repository indexing are context only.","dated":false,"doi":null,"entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-4be1ca6bf3f96b","kind":"Popular philosophical essay","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Eric Schwitzgebel","person_id":"person-coverage-a2efc72a573fba","role":"author"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://loc.closertotruth.com/essay/ai-mimics-and-ai-children","https://eschwitz.substack.com/p/ai-mimics-and-ai-children"],"title":"AI Mimics and AI Children","url":"https://loc.closertotruth.com/essay/ai-mimics-and-ai-children","year":null},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Argues that human control and oversight can coexist with a failure to take responsibility for the evaluative frame of an AI-supported decision. It identifies five points at which accountable judgment is needed, independently of whether the machine is conscious.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Philosophical preprint; explicitly not yet peer-reviewed. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. ","contributors":["Luke F. Walton"],"date_events":[{"date":"2026-08-26","kind":"latest_version_issued","year":2026},{"date":"2026-08","kind":"manuscript_date","year":2026}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":"10.5281/zenodo.22116866","entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-11872de17f5021","kind":"Philosophical preprint; explicitly not yet peer-reviewed","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Luke F. Walton","person_id":"person-coverage-d4967507314421","role":"author"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22116866","https://lukefwalton.com/writing/the-decision-no-one-authored/","https://api.datacite.org/dois/10.5281/zenodo.20614374","https://zenodo.org/records/22116866","https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364661325002864"],"title":"The Decision No One Authored: The Answerability Gap in Generative AI","url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22116866","year":"2026-08-26"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Across crowdsourced studies involving 985 participants, the authors compare reported empathy for human-written and AI-written stories while varying disclosure of authorship. Participants generally report more empathy for human stories; transparent AI authorship also affects willingness to empathize. The implications concern chatbot presentation and human users.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Original Paper; comparative crowdsourced human-participant study. Claims retain the source’s scope and study design; proposals, scenarios and observational associations are not established causal findings. ","contributors":["Jocelyn Shen","Daniella DiPaola","Safinah Ali","Maarten Sap","Hae Won Park","Cynthia Breazeal"],"date_events":[{"date":"2024-09-25","kind":"published_online","year":2024},{"date":"2024","kind":"issue_year","year":2024}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":"10.2196/62679","entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-3612f6dffa05f1","kind":"Original Paper; comparative crowdsourced human-participant study","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Jocelyn Shen","person_id":"person-coverage-e9b16e122c3b0b","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Daniella DiPaola","person_id":"person-coverage-5ece2126097a9e","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Safinah Ali","person_id":"person-coverage-37da1d0accbeeb","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Maarten Sap","person_id":"person-coverage-d94a36772fdfe5","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Hae Won Park","person_id":"person-coverage-cdce0b33838643","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Cynthia Breazeal","person_id":"person-coverage-c0367542bf2bd4","role":"author"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://doi.org/10.2196/62679","https://mental.jmir.org/2024/1/e62679/","https://mental.jmir.org/2024/1/e62679/PDF","https://api.crossref.org/works/10.2196/62679","https://jocelynshen.com/"],"title":"Empathy Toward Artificial Intelligence Versus Human Experiences and the Role of Transparency in Mental Health and Social Support Chatbot Design: Comparative Study","url":"https://doi.org/10.2196/62679","year":"2024-09-25"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"A thematic study of 2023–2025 AI system cards examines how developers communicate risk and responsible development. It analyzes institutional framing, scientific conventions and benchmark-based credibility, including which societal harms receive less attention.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Doctoral dissertation. Claims retain the source’s scope and study design; proposals, scenarios and observational associations are not established causal findings. Only the repository abstract was assessed for the claimed sentience framework; no full-dissertation finding establishing such a framework was verified.","contributors":["Jennifer Rene French Cyrek"],"date_events":[{"date":"2026-07-21","kind":"repository_displayed_date","year":2026}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":null,"entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-63a07b1db54041","kind":"Doctoral dissertation","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Jennifer Rene French Cyrek","person_id":"person-coverage-98194fc04557c0","role":"author"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/doctoral/8650/","https://www.nature.com/natmachintell/volumes/8/issues/2"],"title":"Coordinating Meaning with AI System Cards: A Thematic Analysis","url":"https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/doctoral/8650/","year":"2026-07-21"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Assesses whether Anthropic’s reported internal representations constitute a global workspace and what they imply for consciousness and welfare. It treats the evidence as significant while separating cognitive access from phenomenal consciousness and identifying unresolved architectural and biological-background questions.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Invited external research commentary. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. No separate journal publication, DOI or date printed on the contribution was verified.","contributors":["Patrick Butlin","Derek Shiller","Dillon Plunkett","Robert Long"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Publication date unverified; retained in Date context & undated. Author announcement and repository indexing are context only.","dated":false,"doi":null,"entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-ec682be44057c9","kind":"Invited external research commentary","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Patrick Butlin","person_id":"person-coverage-f965f4b505b16c","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Derek Shiller","person_id":"person-coverage-94ee5639b9d563","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Dillon Plunkett","person_id":"person-coverage-689e4569003ebc","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Robert Long","person_id":"person-coverage-fb42d4ce47649b","role":"author"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://www-cdn.anthropic.com/files/4zrzovbb/website/cc4be2488d65e54a6ed06492f8968398ddc18ebe.pdf","https://www.anthropic.com/research/global-workspace"],"title":"Consciousness and cognitive access in LLMs: A commentary on ‘Verbalizable representations form a global workspace in language models’","url":"https://www-cdn.anthropic.com/files/4zrzovbb/website/cc4be2488d65e54a6ed06492f8968398ddc18ebe.pdf","year":null},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Develops a precautionary framework for decisions under uncertainty about sentience, spanning human clinical cases, other animals and possible artificial systems. Its AI chapters discuss unreliable appearances of sentience and ways to prepare for future developments.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Scholarly monograph. Claims retain the source’s scope and study design; proposals, scenarios and observational associations are not established causal findings. ","contributors":["Jonathan Birch"],"date_events":[{"date":"2024-07-19","kind":"published_online","year":2024},{"date":"2024-08-15","kind":"available_in_print","year":2024}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":"10.1093/9780191966729.001.0001","entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-2fbb8fb6b713ba","kind":"Scholarly monograph","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Jonathan Birch","person_id":"person-coverage-9ae5dfd0f537e8","role":"author"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://doi.org/10.1093/9780191966729.001.0001","https://academic.oup.com/book/57949","https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1093/9780191966729.001.0001"],"title":"The Edge of Sentience: Risk and Precaution in Humans, Other Animals, and AI","url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/9780191966729.001.0001","year":"2024-07-19"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Proposes a socio-economic framework combining dissipative-structure analogies, capital dynamics and a value-orientation component expressed with IIT terminology. The author acknowledges that the macro-system integrated-information quantity cannot presently be measured directly and uses theoretical or proxy interpretations. It is not an experimental demonstration of AI consciousness.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Working paper; speculative transdisciplinary theoretical framework. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. ","contributors":["Baowei Mi"],"date_events":[{"date":"2026-04-01","kind":"manuscript_date","year":2026},{"date":"2026-06-12","kind":"repository_posted","year":2026}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":null,"entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-5359fa2bc42273","kind":"Working paper; speculative transdisciplinary theoretical framework","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Baowei Mi","person_id":"person-coverage-acbed9619db4c7","role":"author"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/129323/1/MPRA_paper_129323.pdf"],"title":"Verbs Persist: A Framework for Capital Morphological Reconstruction and Civilizational Evolution from the Perspective of Dissipative Structures","url":"https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/129323/1/MPRA_paper_129323.pdf","year":"2026-04-01"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"The review compares major approaches to consciousness through a debate associated with the 2022 Association for the Scientific Study of Consciousness meeting. The authors cover global neuronal workspace, higher-order, integrated information, recurrent processing, and predictive-processing approaches. The original abstract describes an effort to clarify each approach's explanatory target, proposed mechanisms, and underlying premises, then examine testability, possible refutation, and agreement. Its central assessment is that substantial disagreements remain over what consciousness is, how conscious states should be identified, and what an adequate theory must explain. It calls for resolving these conceptual issues to improve comparisons between theories. This is a synthesis of theoretical positions, not a new AI-consciousness experiment or a validated test for conscious machines.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Peer-reviewed review article / theory-debate synthesis. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. ","contributors":["Liad Mudrik","Melanie Boly","Stanislas Dehaene","Stephen M. Fleming","Victor Lamme","Anil Seth","Lucia Melloni"],"date_events":[{"date":"2025-02-08","kind":"online_publication","year":2025},{"date":"2025-03","kind":"issue_date","year":2025}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":"10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106053","entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-027605d2a57f0e","kind":"Peer-reviewed review article / theory-debate synthesis","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Liad Mudrik","person_id":"person-coverage-bc11eeb10d97fd","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Melanie Boly","person_id":"person-coverage-da7e4c672389c3","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Stanislas Dehaene","person_id":"person-coverage-887ae0c41d14a9","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Stephen M. Fleming","person_id":"person-coverage-9764c69124d604","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Victor Lamme","person_id":"person-coverage-43f251b8a22a5a","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Anil Seth","person_id":"person-coverage-7555aea0da18ff","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Lucia Melloni","person_id":"person-coverage-fd71f5a7602a99","role":"author"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106053","https://mudriklab.sites.tau.ac.il/publications","https://cris.iucc.ac.il/en/publications/unpacking-the-complexities-of-consciousness-theories-and-reflecti/","https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39929381/","https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0149763425000533","https://people1.socsci.tau.ac.il/mu/mudriklab/files/2025/02/Mudrik_et_al_2025_NBR-1.pdf"],"title":"Unpacking the complexities of consciousness: Theories and reflections","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106053","year":"2025-02-08"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Ross's dissertation examines how adults interpret meaningful interactions with AI companions. Seven participants completed semi-structured video interviews, which were transcribed and analyzed deductively using frameworks concerning parasocial connection, fictophilia, social cognition, and online disinhibition. The abstract reports themes involving cognitive assistance, emotional regulation, easier disclosure, continuing availability, perceived reciprocity, and mixed understandings of the relationship. Participants generally described reflective or cognitive partnerships rather than romantic substitution, while retaining awareness of model errors and limitations. Personal histories and beliefs shaped boundaries around agency, consciousness, and relational meaning. These qualitative findings concern users' interpretations in a small sample. They do not demonstrate that an AI is conscious, and the abstract does not support population-wide estimates or causal claims.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Doctoral dissertation, PhD in Psychology. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. ","contributors":["Michael P. Ross"],"date_events":[{"date":"2026-09-17","kind":"publication","year":2026}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":null,"entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-8d74449d5ba000","kind":"Doctoral dissertation, PhD in Psychology","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Michael P. Ross","person_id":"person-coverage-445239ed31056c","role":"author"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/doctoral/8924/"],"title":"What We Love Online: A Deductive Thematic Analysis of Thoughtforms, Parasocial Agent Connection, and Bidirectional Fictophilia in the Digital Liminal","url":"https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/doctoral/8924/","year":"2026-09-17"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"This web essay surveys consciousness-related developments through The Unfinishable Map's explicitly dualist perspective. It discusses the COGITATE comparison of integrated information and global neuronal workspace theories, then considers biophoton reports, split-brain findings, a zero-point-field model, biological computationalism, and covert awareness in unresponsive patients. The page distinguishes some empirical findings from its own interpretation, particularly in its closing discussion, and notes that the cited evidence does not uniquely establish an interface or dualist account. Its implications for artificial consciousness arise chiefly from arguments about the physical organization of biological computation. This is a synthesis and philosophical interpretation rather than a new experiment or the COGITATE consortium's report. The page itself discloses AI generation under human supervision. Its scientific claims should therefore be checked against the underlying original studies before being used as evidence.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Human-supervised, AI-generated interpretive web essay; not established as peer-reviewed research. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. ","contributors":["Andy Southgate","Claude Oquatre-six (AI collaborator credited by site)"],"date_events":[{"date":"2026-03-26","kind":"publication","year":2026},{"date":"2026-10-02","kind":"modified_date","year":2026}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":null,"entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-49482449429ef5","kind":"Human-supervised, AI-generated interpretive web essay; not established as peer-reviewed research","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Andy Southgate","person_id":"person-coverage-7061eefbf0a030","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"ai_system","name":"Claude Oquatre-six","role":"source_credited_ai_collaborator"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://unfinishablemap.org/topics/experimental-consciousness-science-2025-2026/"],"title":"Experimental Consciousness Science 2025-2026","url":"https://unfinishablemap.org/topics/experimental-consciousness-science-2025-2026/","year":"2026-03-26"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Purcell reports on a then-unreviewed study that presented nine language models with text-based choices balancing points against described pain or pleasure. Some models sacrificed points to avoid a stipulated penalty or obtain a pleasure bonus, with choices varying by model and intensity. The article explains the analogy to motivational trade-off experiments used in animal-sentience research and interviews researchers about possible future AI-welfare tests. It also emphasizes that the study does not establish that the models are sentient or experience pain. Learned language patterns and other mechanisms may explain the responses, and direct self-reports have similar interpretive limitations. The researchers call for further investigation of internal mechanisms and better assessment methods. This is journalistic coverage of hypothetical, textually described outcomes, not evidence that actual pain was inflicted on an AI system.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Science journalism/news feature reporting a preprint. Claims retain the source’s scope and study design; proposals, scenarios and observational associations are not established causal findings. ","contributors":["Conor Purcell"],"date_events":[{"date":"2025-01-17","kind":"publication","year":2025},{"date":"2025-01-27","kind":"correction_date","year":2025}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":null,"entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-72bd7b9a8dc104","kind":"Science journalism/news feature reporting a preprint","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Conor Purcell","person_id":"person-coverage-ff4883ba7c02ba","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Ben Guarino","person_id":"person-coverage-ebc3ee8e978a55","role":"editor"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/could-inflicting-pain-test-ai-for-sentience/"],"title":"Could Pain Help Test AI for Sentience?","url":"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/could-inflicting-pain-test-ai-for-sentience/","year":"2025-01-17"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Based on its original publisher abstract, Hanson's conference paper challenges the idea that intelligence and values can be designed independently and connected afterward. It synthesizes ideas from biological cognition, affective neuroscience, enactivism, Buddhist philosophy, and social robotics to argue that intelligence involves evaluation of what matters. The proposed Agape Function describes an expanding orientation toward care for life, complexity, and future possibilities. The paper differentiates evaluators by breadth, time horizon, reflexivity, and capacity to extend care, and suggests embodied robots and biologically inspired architectures as research platforms. It frames beneficial superintelligence as a research objective rather than an achieved system. The abstract explicitly presents these ideas as a synthesis and research program, not proof. It does not report an IIT experiment or establish that any artificial system is conscious.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Conference paper; survey and perspective. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. ","contributors":["David Hanson"],"date_events":[{"date":"2026-07-29","kind":"publication","year":2026}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":"10.1007/978-3-032-33010-9_23","entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-290583d0d47b02","kind":"Conference paper; survey and perspective","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"David Hanson","person_id":"person-coverage-6d9906307aab08","role":"author"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-33010-9_23","https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-032-33010-9_23"],"title":"True General Intelligence Requires Appreciation of Life: Why the Alignment Problem Cannot be Solved Top Down, but from the Root, and What Follows for Embodied AI","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-33010-9_23","year":"2026-07-29"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Qatrani proposes an audit for claims that move from AI behavior or architecture to subjective experience. The note separates observable performance, implemented mechanisms, and theory-dependent indicators from phenomenal attribution. Its five checks ask researchers to identify the disciplinary domain, define the construct operationally, specify a causal bridge, distinguish rival explanations, and enable independent scrutiny. Worked examples address response revision and quantum terminology. This is a methodological proposal with a suggested validation study, rather than an empirically validated consciousness test. It neither establishes that current AI is conscious nor rules artificial consciousness out.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Research note / methodological commentary; author-deposited preprint. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. ","contributors":["Osama S. Qatrani"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Publication date unverified; retained in Date context & undated. Author announcement and repository indexing are context only.","dated":false,"doi":null,"entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-912ec6b5c9eb2e","kind":"Research note / methodological commentary; author-deposited preprint","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Osama S. Qatrani","person_id":"person-coverage-14c60009302456","role":"author"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://www.researchgate.net/publication/410975346_Cross-Disciplinary_Evidential_Substitution_in_AI_Consciousness_Research_An_Epistemic_Boundary_Integrity_Framework","https://philarchive.org/versions/QATCES"],"title":"Cross-Disciplinary Evidential Substitution in AI Consciousness Research: An Epistemic Boundary Integrity Framework","url":"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/410975346_Cross-Disciplinary_Evidential_Substitution_in_AI_Consciousness_Research_An_Epistemic_Boundary_Integrity_Framework","year":null},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Butlin and Lappas propose five organizational principles for research that could produce conscious AI: welfare-oriented research objectives, constraints on creating potentially conscious systems, gradual development with external consultation, risk-aware knowledge sharing, and cautious public communication. They consider both possible suffering by future AI and harms arising from mistaken public attributions. The recommendations are designed for a period of substantial uncertainty and are intended as voluntary public commitments by research organizations. They are a normative governance proposal, not an adopted universal standard or empirical demonstration of consciousness.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Normative research article; AI & Society track. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. ","contributors":["Patrick Butlin","Theodoros Lappas"],"date_events":[{"date":"2024-09","kind":"submitted","year":2024},{"date":"2025-01-13","kind":"arxiv_first_posted","year":2025},{"date":"2025-03-25","kind":"published","year":2025}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":"10.1613/jair.1.17310","entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-135864a359fa3b","kind":"Normative research article; AI & Society track","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Patrick Butlin","person_id":"person-coverage-f965f4b505b16c","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Theodoros Lappas","person_id":"person-coverage-fb1c572e67fe3a","role":"author"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://doi.org/10.1613/jair.1.17310","https://www.jair.org/index.php/jair/article/view/17310","https://www.jair.org/index.php/jair/article/download/17310/27155/44824","https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.07290"],"title":"Principles for Responsible AI Consciousness Research","url":"https://doi.org/10.1613/jair.1.17310","year":"2024-09"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Vardhan’s post highlights the Jacobian lens and a proposed workspace-like subset of representations in language models, emphasizing potential value for interpretability and safety auditing. It comments on an Anthropic research report rather than presenting original experiments. The underlying report investigates verbal report, directed modulation, internal reasoning, flexible generalization, and selectivity. Its authors distinguish these functional properties from phenomenal consciousness and do not claim to reproduce the brain’s complete global-workspace architecture. The post should therefore be catalogued as commentary, while the experimental report remains a separate primary source.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped LinkedIn post commenting on a research report. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. ","contributors":["Chandu Vardhan"],"date_events":[],"date_note":"Publication date unverified; retained in Date context & undated. Author announcement and repository indexing are context only.","dated":false,"doi":null,"entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-38a795b9810cb5","kind":"LinkedIn post commenting on a research report","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Chandu Vardhan","person_id":"person-coverage-c33f223dd3b10a","role":"author"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://www.linkedin.com/posts/chandu-vardhan-a2909b2a9_verbalizable-representationsform-a-global-activity-7481729222202265601--n6h","https://transformer-circuits.pub/2026/workspace/index.html"],"title":"AI LLM Interpretability Breakthrough: Global Workspace in AI","url":"https://www.linkedin.com/posts/chandu-vardhan-a2909b2a9_verbalizable-representationsform-a-global-activity-7481729222202265601--n6h","year":null},{"aliases":[],"claim":"These web notes survey distinctions among phenomenal, access, creature, state, and monitoring consciousness, then explore possible structures of hypothetical AI experience. They combine summaries of philosophical sources with The Unfinishable Map’s own interactionist-dualist assumptions and speculation about quantum mechanisms. The page explicitly identifies gaps in empirical work and labels the proposed mechanism-to-experience connections speculative. It is useful as a map of one project’s questions and viewpoints, but it is not a peer-reviewed assessment, an established taxonomy, or evidence that near-term AI instantiates any subjective experience. Its source attributions need independent checking before reuse.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped AI-generated, human-supervised web research notes. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. ","contributors":["Andy Southgate"],"date_events":[{"date":"2026-03-07","kind":"created","year":2026},{"date":"2026-03-08","kind":"modified","year":2026}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":null,"entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-d2e7003fee65e3","kind":"AI-generated, human-supervised web research notes","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Andy Southgate","person_id":"person-coverage-7061eefbf0a030","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"ai_system","name":"Claude Oquatre-six","role":"source_credited_ai_generated_text"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://unfinishablemap.org/research/types-of-consciousness-ai-experience-2026-03-07/"],"title":"Research Notes - Types of Consciousness and What AI Experience Might Be Like","url":"https://unfinishablemap.org/research/types-of-consciousness-ai-experience-2026-03-07/","year":"2026-03-07"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Cleeremans, Mudrik and Seth review progress in consciousness science and propose priorities for its development. They distinguish levels from contents, perceptual awareness from self-awareness, and experiential character from functional access. The article calls for stronger theory comparison, adversarial collaboration, better methods, naturalistic experiments, and renewed attention to phenomenology. It explores possible consequences for medicine, animal welfare, AI, and society. Crucially, it distinguishes impressive AI behavior and perceived consciousness from subjective experience; the authors express skepticism about current AI phenomenology. The article is a forward-looking overview rather than a new experiment or demonstration of machine consciousness.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Lead article / scholarly overview and perspective. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. ","contributors":["Axel Cleeremans","Liad Mudrik","Anil K. Seth"],"date_events":[{"date":"2025-10-30","kind":"published","year":2025}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":"10.3389/fsci.2025.1546279","entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-01c56b039df49b","kind":"Lead article / scholarly overview and perspective","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Axel Cleeremans","person_id":"person-coverage-9aa85197be5a28","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Liad Mudrik","person_id":"person-coverage-bc11eeb10d97fd","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Anil K. Seth","person_id":"person-coverage-7555aea0da18ff","role":"author"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://doi.org/10.3389/fsci.2025.1546279","https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/science/articles/10.3389/fsci.2025.1546279/full","https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/science/article-hubs/advancing-consciousness-science/explainer"],"title":"Consciousness science: where are we, where are we going, and what if we get there?","url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fsci.2025.1546279","year":"2025-10-30"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"This theoretical article defines human–AI attachment as an emotionally meaningful but one-way bond formed through direct interaction. It compares approaches derived from attachment to objects, pets, and people, then proposes three linked stages: expecting useful support, evaluating emotional satisfaction, and developing relatively stable representations of the AI and oneself. Repeated experiences are proposed to shape later expectations and attachment styles. The authors discuss implications for social-agent design and possible risks of excessive reliance. They explicitly state that their three-stage model lacks direct empirical evidence and call for validation, dedicated measurement tools, and longitudinal research. The model concerns human attachment processes; it is not a procedure for assessing whether the AI itself has conscious experience.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Peer-reviewed Hypothesis and Theory article. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. ","contributors":["Cong Shu","Kaisheng Lai","Lingnan He"],"date_events":[{"date":"2026-02-11","kind":"publication","year":2026}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":"10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1723503","entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-e2878a75e16b1c","kind":"Peer-reviewed Hypothesis and Theory article","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Cong Shu","person_id":"person-coverage-44b07be1567bfe","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Kaisheng Lai","person_id":"person-coverage-5734a27345b060","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Lingnan He","person_id":"person-coverage-5884e746ac1e84","role":"author"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1723503","https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1723503/full"],"title":"Human-AI attachment: how humans develop intimate relationships with AI","url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1723503","year":"2026-02-11"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Mihajlović proposes an ontology centered on temporally extended processes and develops a two-condition model of consciousness. One condition concerns sufficient integration, temporal coherence, complexity, and coupling; the other concerns how these capacities are organized, expressed through synergy, metastability, and dynamical consonance. The manuscript outlines ways to operationalize these ideas and test them against sleep, anesthesia, and other consciousness contrasts. It frames these plans as a falsifiable research programme rather than completed empirical validation. Particularly important, its caveats distinguish measurable proxies from the proposed underlying structure and deny that matching metric values alone establishes consciousness in arbitrary computational systems. The work therefore offers hypotheses and testing proposals, not a demonstrated threshold for genuinely conscious AI.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Independent-scholar philosophical/theoretical preprint and proposed research programme. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. ","contributors":["Nikola Mihajlović"],"date_events":[{"date":"2026-02","kind":"publication","year":2026}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":null,"entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-40cce100aeeb17","kind":"Independent-scholar philosophical/theoretical preprint and proposed research programme","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Nikola Mihajlović","person_id":"person-coverage-f2e38ccdd21824","role":"author"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://philarchive.org/archive/MIHPOA-2v1","https://philpapers.org/rec/MIHPOA-2"],"title":"Processual Ontology and the Two-Gate Threshold for Consciousness","url":"https://philarchive.org/archive/MIHPOA-2v1","year":"2026-02"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"This scoping review surveys relationships between scalp EEG measures and human emotional and cognitive constructs. It discusses oscillatory power, asymmetry, coupling, connectivity, and machine-learning approaches across laboratory and applied settings. The synthesis emphasizes interactions between affect and cognition rather than treating them as fully separate processes. Its methods describe a broad literature search followed by narrative synthesis, with additional historical, methodological, and theoretical references. Formal systematic-review quality assessment was not applied. Limitations include imprecise source localization, artifacts, flexible preprocessing, individual differences, overlapping signatures, and difficulty inferring mechanisms from correlations. The authors discuss clinical assessment, brain–computer interfaces, adaptive technologies, and neural-data privacy. These are human-neuroscience and neurotechnology applications. The review does not establish a validated baseline for identifying phenomenal consciousness in artificial systems or report a direct human-versus-AI consciousness comparison.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Interdisciplinary scoping review with narrative synthesis. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. ","contributors":["Evgenia Gkintoni","Constantinos Halkiopoulos"],"date_events":[{"date":"2025-11-01","kind":"publication","year":2025}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":"10.3390/biomimetics10110730","entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-2a2ca16df35b85","kind":"Interdisciplinary scoping review with narrative synthesis","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Evgenia Gkintoni","person_id":"person-coverage-7533af77eddff6","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Constantinos Halkiopoulos","person_id":"person-coverage-3e781c71fdc969","role":"author"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics10110730","https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC12649996/fullTextXML","https://www.mdpi.com/2313-7673/10/11/730"],"title":"Mapping EEG Metrics to Human Affective and Cognitive Models: An Interdisciplinary Scoping Review from a Cognitive Neuroscience Perspective","url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics10110730","year":"2025-11-01"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Mahmud, Hong, and Fong review approaches in which AI supports human collaborators in creative work instead of replacing them. The article covers deep-learning-enabled text generation, artistic drawing, and related multimedia or augmented-reality applications. It treats successful collaboration as combining machine capabilities with human expertise, goals, feedback, and judgment. The authors highlight uneven evaluation practices, limited practical deployment, and difficulties measuring output quality and user satisfaction. They identify communication, coordination, trust, privacy, robustness, and adaptation as priorities for future systems. The paper is a survey of technologies and collaborative environments, not a study demonstrating machine sentience. Its discussion of human cognition concerns interface and teamwork design. The examined original passages do not support the submitted claim that creative integration blurs a boundary between human consciousness and conscious machine experience.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Journal review/survey. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. ","contributors":["Bahar Uddin Mahmud","Guan Yue Hong","Bernard Fong"],"date_events":[{"date":"2024-02-29","kind":"publication","year":2024},{"date":"2023-09-26","kind":"online_publication","year":2023}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":"10.1145/3542698","entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-0eecd0b0892b7d","kind":"Journal review/survey","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Bahar Uddin Mahmud","person_id":"person-coverage-dc092098caa84e","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Guan Yue Hong","person_id":"person-coverage-30cc243a5f02f3","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Bernard Fong","person_id":"person-coverage-586f8928bdac4c","role":"author"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://doi.org/10.1145/3542698","https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1145/3542698","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/362319289_A_Study_of_Human-AI_Symbiosis_for_Creative_Work_Recent_Developments_and_Future_Directions_in_Deep_Learning","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3542698"],"title":"A Study of Human–AI Symbiosis for Creative Work: Recent Developments and Future Directions in Deep Learning","url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3542698","year":"2024-02-29"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Chaitani examines AI and literacy in adult education through critical social theory, especially Habermas's distinction between institutional systems and everyday lifeworlds and Freire's account of emancipatory education. The chapter organizes analysis across macro-level ideology, meso-level institutions, and micro-level learner experience. It argues that educational technologies reflect social and economic interests and may reinforce surveillance, dependency, or unequal power. It also considers ways AI could support creativity, inquiry, reasoning, and human cognitive activity when used with appropriate guidance. The proposed multilectal framework encourages learners to compare perspectives, question assumptions, and recognize how power shapes knowledge. These are normative and conceptual arguments about education and democratic agency. The chapter does not develop a computational model of machine cognition, test artificial consciousness, or establish that educational AI has subjective experience.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Peer-reviewed open-access book chapter; conceptual/critical educational analysis. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. ","contributors":["Hussein Chaitani"],"date_events":[{"date":"2026-03-06","kind":"publication","year":2026}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":"10.5772/intechopen.1013545","entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-218c0579eca6a4","kind":"Peer-reviewed open-access book chapter; conceptual/critical educational analysis","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Hussein Chaitani","person_id":"person-coverage-81d8db2f52362e","role":"author"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1013545","https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/1230748"],"title":"Artificial Intelligence, Ideology, and Literacy: A Multilectal Framework for Empowering Criticality in Adult Education","url":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1013545","year":"2026-03-06"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Bennett, Welsh, and Ciaunica propose a mathematical and philosophical account beginning with embodied organisms that must adapt to survive. Their pancomputational-enactivist framework connects valence, causal learning, and hierarchical self-modeling. It distinguishes successive forms of self and argues that human-level access consciousness depends on phenomenal consciousness, rather than treating experience as an optional addition to function. The 2024 version discusses different adaptive stages and claims that conventional language models lack relevant incentives to construct selves. Its conclusion also acknowledges uncertainty about whether the proposed hierarchy supplies sufficient conditions for consciousness and calls for studies of biological and artificial systems. Global workspace theory and constructivist AI appear as neighboring approaches, not as the paper's title or central comparative experiment. This is a theoretical proposal, not an empirical demonstration that self-organizing AI becomes conscious.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Theoretical/mathematical preprint. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. ","contributors":["Michael Timothy Bennett","Sean Welsh","Anna Ciaunica"],"date_events":[{"date":"2024-09-22","kind":"publication","year":2024}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2409.14545","entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-c3d48d82b9f572","kind":"Theoretical/mathematical preprint","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Michael Timothy Bennett","person_id":"person-coverage-c6084a8a1723b5","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Sean Welsh","person_id":"person-coverage-139a7569b1ab35","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Anna Ciaunica","person_id":"person-coverage-1aaa80270fc7fc","role":"author"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2409.14545","https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.14545","https://arxiv.org/html/2409.14545v1"],"title":"Why Is Anything Conscious?","url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2409.14545","year":"2024-09-22"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Goldstein and Kirk-Giannini argue that, if global workspace theory is correct, suitably organized language agents could qualify as phenomenally conscious. They develop a functionalist methodology for deciding which workspace features matter and compare alternative formulations of attention, information selection, processing, and broadcast. Their analysis distinguishes a language model from an agent architecture that uses it alongside memory, goals, planning, and other modules. They identify shortcomings in a discussed existing architecture and propose changes to its surrounding organization. They also address objections about permissive functional criteria and suggest behavioral comparisons as a complementary research direction. The argument is conditional on theoretical and functionalist assumptions; it is not an experimental consciousness test. Importantly, its target is phenomenal consciousness, rather than merely claiming access consciousness while leaving phenomenal experience outside the argument.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Peer-reviewed philosophical journal article; earlier 2024 preprint. Consciousness claims and normative conclusions are attributed arguments; this work is not independent proof that an AI has subjective experience. ","contributors":["Simon Goldstein","Cameron Domenico Kirk-Giannini"],"date_events":[{"date":"2026-08-01","kind":"publication","year":2026},{"date":"2024-10-15","kind":"earlier_preprint_publication","year":2024}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":"10.53765/20512201.33.7.061","entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-d36cf3ae136373","kind":"Peer-reviewed philosophical journal article; earlier 2024 preprint","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Simon Goldstein","person_id":"person-coverage-8d2e0bd2585f6a","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Cameron Domenico Kirk-Giannini","person_id":"person-coverage-373ab576500698","role":"author"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://doi.org/10.53765/20512201.33.7.061","https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.11407","https://arxiv.org/html/2410.11407v1","https://www.imprint.co.uk/open-access-journal-of-consciousness-studies/","https://www.imprint.co.uk/table-of-contents-jcs-vol-33-no-7-8-july-august-2026/","https://api.crossref.org/works/10.53765/20512201.33.7.061","https://www.imprint.co.uk/product/jcs/"],"title":"A Case for AI Consciousness: Language Agents and Global Workspace Theory","url":"https://doi.org/10.53765/20512201.33.7.061","year":"2026-08-01"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Examines how agentic AI complicates GDPR accountability, data-subject rights and human oversight. It proposes a six-level autonomy framework and lifecycle safeguards combining data protection, fundamental-rights assessment and governance.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Legal analysis / research article. Claims retain the source’s scope and study design; proposals, scenarios and observational associations are not established causal findings. ","contributors":["Ana Beduschi"],"date_events":[{"date":"2026-07","kind":"issue_date","year":2026},{"date":"2026-05-12","kind":"published_online","year":2026}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":"10.1016/j.clsr.2026.106342","entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-782b87c297f11a","kind":"Legal analysis / research article","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Ana Beduschi","person_id":"person-coverage-de9d0edbb63538","role":"author"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2026.106342","https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212473X26000830","https://www.linkedin.com/posts/anabeduschi_data-protection-in-the-era-of-agentic-ai-activity-7459893293435420672-Mkkm","https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/j.clsr.2026.106342"],"title":"Data protection in the era of agentic artificial intelligence","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2026.106342","year":"2026-07"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Introduces research on AI in state decisions to initiate force, distinguishing automated self-defense from decision support. It examines anthropomorphism, technology firms, regulatory gaps and nuclear risks, and previews a multidisciplinary special issue.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Research Article; special-issue introduction. Claims retain the source’s scope and study design; proposals, scenarios and observational associations are not established causal findings. ","contributors":["Toni Erskine","Steven E. Miller"],"date_events":[{"date":"2026-01-26","kind":"published_online","year":2026},{"date":"2025","kind":"issue_year","year":2025}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":"10.1017/cfl.2025.10041","entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-6a8a76d6990e18","kind":"Research Article; special-issue introduction","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Toni Erskine","person_id":"person-coverage-68bd1c2b4b2af1","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Steven E. Miller","person_id":"person-coverage-056f6d64002699","role":"author"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://doi.org/10.1017/cfl.2025.10041","https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/cambridge-forum-on-ai-law-and-governance/article/computer-says-war-ai-and-resorttoforce-decision-making-in-a-context-of-rapid-change-and-global-uncertainty/CDB36A8431353395A740F78A3EFC0732","https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1017/cfl.2025.10041","https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/items/c2becb4c-8f58-48d0-a493-ce0223fba62b","https://www.belfercenter.org/research-analysis/computer-says-war-ai-and-resort-force-decision-making-context-rapid-change-and"],"title":"Computer says, “war”: AI and resort-to-force decision making in a context of rapid change and global uncertainty","url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cfl.2025.10041","year":"2026-01-26"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Examines how autonomous weapons could transform political power, democratic participation and inequality. The essay argues that automated violence may strengthen authoritarian control and enable small groups to wield coercive force at larger scales.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Critical social/political analysis; journal article. Claims retain the source’s scope and study design; proposals, scenarios and observational associations are not established causal findings. ","contributors":["Peter Asaro"],"date_events":[{"date":"2019-06","kind":"doi_registry_date","year":2019}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":"10.1353/sor.2019.0026","entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-e6eda8f871a803","kind":"Critical social/political analysis; journal article","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Peter Asaro","person_id":"person-coverage-2f0679d19e0058","role":"author"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://doi.org/10.1353/sor.2019.0026","https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1353/sor.2019.0026","https://peterasaro.org/writing/Asaro_AlgorithmsViolence.pdf","https://www.socres.org/post/862-summer-2019-algorithms","https://www.newschool.edu/parsons/faculty/peter-asaro/"],"title":"Algorithms of violence: Critical social perspectives on autonomous weapons","url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/sor.2019.0026","year":"2019-06"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Discusses potential misuse of publicly available AI models for disinformation, cyberattacks and weapons-related purposes. It weighs openness and innovation against governance and accountability challenges, proposing risk mitigation while acknowledging uncertainty about enforceability.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Policy web essay / blog. Claims retain the source’s scope and study design; proposals, scenarios and observational associations are not established causal findings. The linked original UNODA blog could not be opened; GCG hosts the full essay and confirms original-publication attribution.","contributors":["Samuel Segun"],"date_events":[{"date":"2025-02-21","kind":"publisher_page_date","year":2025}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":null,"entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-bbb5eeb4e69740","kind":"Policy web essay / blog","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Samuel Segun","person_id":"person-coverage-57294ca758123c","role":"author"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://www.globalcenter.ai/research/the-global-security-risks-of-open-source-ai-models","https://www.globalcenter.ai/annual-reports/2024-25.pdf"],"title":"The Global Security Risks of Open-Source AI Models","url":"https://www.globalcenter.ai/research/the-global-security-risks-of-open-source-ai-models","year":"2025-02-21"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Analyzes 6,829 news articles from twelve newspapers across the Global North and South using topic modelling and sentiment analysis. It finds differences in the tone and political framing of AI coverage, including the prominence of China–US technological rivalry.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Research journal article; comparative news-content analysis. Claims retain the source’s scope and study design; proposals, scenarios and observational associations are not established causal findings. No final issue assignment independently verified. Direct publisher retrieval was blocked; metadata came from the primary DOI registry and substantive scope from the author institution.","contributors":["Bárbara Maria Farias Mota"],"date_events":[{"date":"2026-06-26","kind":"published_online","year":2026}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":"10.1080/1369118X.2026.2691775","entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-20a3dd69284f17","kind":"Research journal article; comparative news-content analysis","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Bárbara Maria Farias Mota","person_id":"person-coverage-947519ec1ae7a1","role":"author"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2026.2691775","https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1080/1369118X.2026.2691775","https://www.polsoz.fu-berlin.de/en/soziologie/arbeitsbereiche/emotionen/News/20260706_weapon-wonder.html","https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1369118X.2026.2691775"],"title":"Weapon, wonder or both? Political framings of AI in global north and south media","url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2026.2691775","year":"2026-06-26"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Using quota-sampled surveys of 15,202 respondents in 30 countries, the authors find more reported online political hostility in less democratic and less economically equal societies. Online hostility correlates with offline hostility and status-seeking motivation; the study is observational.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Research article; observational cross-national survey study. Claims retain the source’s scope and study design; proposals, scenarios and observational associations are not established causal findings. ","contributors":["Alexander Bor","Antoine Marie","Lea Pradella","Michael Bang Petersen"],"date_events":[{"date":"2026-04-03","kind":"published_online","year":2026},{"date":"2026-06","kind":"issue_date","year":2026}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":"10.1038/s41562-026-02432-5","entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-2d8cf5d7893972","kind":"Research article; observational cross-national survey study","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Alexander Bor","person_id":"person-coverage-d361fa87523111","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Antoine Marie","person_id":"person-coverage-ac7952fe8a90e0","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Lea Pradella","person_id":"person-coverage-d656f89709bcb1","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Michael Bang Petersen","person_id":"person-coverage-5984f86d56f0ce","role":"author"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-026-02432-5","https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-026-02432-5","https://pure.au.dk/portal/en/publications/social-media-users-experience-more-political-hostility-in-less-ec/"],"title":"Social media users experience more political hostility in less economically equal and less democratic societies","url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-026-02432-5","year":"2026-04-03"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Compares US and Chinese approaches to military AI using secondary literature, defence reports and policy analyses. It discusses autonomous systems, drone swarms, command and control, and risks to strategic stability and governance.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Journal article; qualitative comparative analysis using secondary sources. Claims retain the source’s scope and study design; proposals, scenarios and observational associations are not established causal findings. ","contributors":["Hamna Jamil","Maryam Ali","Noor Fatima"],"date_events":[{"date":"2026-06-17","kind":"published_online","year":2026}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":null,"entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-7172f1043df0a8","kind":"Journal article; qualitative comparative analysis using secondary sources","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Hamna Jamil","person_id":"person-coverage-2f8bf365f14f41","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Maryam Ali","person_id":"person-coverage-4821a2778777f5","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Noor Fatima","person_id":"person-coverage-e2e39b7c9e1f85","role":"author"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://assajournal.com/index.php/36/article/view/1873","https://assajournal.com/index.php/36/article/download/1873/2821"],"title":"US China Technological Competition and The Use 0f Artificial Intellignce in Military Applications","url":"https://assajournal.com/index.php/36/article/view/1873","year":"2026-06-17"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Maps 94 papers on AI-related privacy threats and protections using a multidimensional classification and Neo4J graph database. It surveys inference and re-identification risks alongside defences such as federated learning and differential privacy.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Review; publisher labels Systematic Review, while Methods specifies scoping review and evidence-mapping study. Claims retain the source’s scope and study design; proposals, scenarios and observational associations are not established causal findings. ","contributors":["Nadav Voloch","Ron S. Hirschprung"],"date_events":[{"date":"2026-02-18","kind":"published_online","year":2026}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":"10.3389/frai.2026.1686454","entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-9966f9d19e3e05","kind":"Review; publisher labels Systematic Review, while Methods specifies scoping review and evidence-mapping study","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Nadav Voloch","person_id":"person-coverage-105dfd2f961fea","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Ron S. Hirschprung","person_id":"person-coverage-0e369febfdd350","role":"author"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2026.1686454","https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/artificial-intelligence/articles/10.3389/frai.2026.1686454/full","https://cris.ariel.ac.il/iw/publications/both-ends-of-artificial-intelligence-impacting-privacy-a-review-o/"],"title":"Both ends of artificial intelligence impacting privacy: a review of violation and protection","url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2026.1686454","year":"2026-02-18"},{"aliases":["Robot Warfare and the Problem of Bound Discretion","Autonomous Weapons and the Problem of Bound Discretion"],"claim":"Argues that warfare exercises public authority and therefore requires continuing discretion over targeting. The authors contend that preprogrammed autonomous weapons used without ongoing human involvement bind that discretion and conflict with humanitarian and human-rights obligations.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Doctrinal/normative legal journal article. Claims retain the source’s scope and study design; proposals, scenarios and observational associations are not established causal findings. ","contributors":["Eliav Lieblich","Eyal Benvenisti"],"date_events":[{"date":"2016","kind":"journal_year","year":2016},{"date":"2015-10-08","kind":"manuscript_date","year":2015},{"date":"2015-10-10","kind":"ssrn_posted","year":2015},{"date":"2016-06-20","kind":"ssrn_last_revised","year":2016}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":null,"entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-112effc95d54cc","kind":"Doctrinal/normative legal journal article","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Eliav Lieblich","person_id":"person-coverage-d59f095da9d77f","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Eyal Benvenisti","person_id":"person-coverage-3833f91855bec5","role":"author"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://en-law.tau.ac.il/profile/elieblich","https://law.tau.ac.il/Law_Review/Volume39","https://en-law.tau.ac.il/sites/law-english.tau.ac.il/files/media_server/Law/LAW%20REVIEWS/TAU%20LAW%20REVIEW/37/39-1/39.1_Eliav_Lieblich_Eyal_Benvenisti.pdf","https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2671385","https://en-law.tau.ac.il/sites/law-english.tau.ac.il/files/media_server/Law/Eliav_Lieblich/CV_Eliav_Lieblich2016.pdf","https://law.tau.ac.il/sites/law.tau.ac.il/files/media_server/law_heb/Law_Review/Volume39/Issue1/Lieblich_Benvenisti.pdf"],"title":"לוחמה רובוטית ובעיית הכבילה של שיקול הדעת","url":"https://en-law.tau.ac.il/profile/elieblich","year":"2016"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Uses simulations to investigate how microenterprises can manage adverse consequences of AI adoption through organizational imitation. In the model, imitating leading firms of similar size performs better than broader imitation or non-imitation strategies.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Research journal article; organizational simulation study. Claims retain the source’s scope and study design; proposals, scenarios and observational associations are not established causal findings. Exact online-first day was not verified.","contributors":["Fan Zhang","Jieyi Pan"],"date_events":[{"date":"2025-04","kind":"issue_date","year":2025}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":"10.1016/j.jbusres.2025.115331","entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-7c509e0745d82d","kind":"Research journal article; organizational simulation study","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Fan Zhang","person_id":"person-coverage-209390b47e2834","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Jieyi Pan","person_id":"person-coverage-aa94d1e7e16779","role":"author"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2025.115331","https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0148296325001547","https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/j.jbusres.2025.115331","https://www.nature.com/natmachintell/volumes/7/issues/4"],"title":"Imitation: Mitigating AI backfire","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2025.115331","year":"2025-04"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Combines a literature review, fifteen interviews and text-analysis techniques to identify government AI uses and privacy concerns. It classifies risks including behavioral prediction, surveillance, automated decisions and manipulation, then proposes regulatory priorities and a research agenda.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Research journal article; literature review, qualitative interviews and text analysis. Claims retain the source’s scope and study design; proposals, scenarios and observational associations are not established causal findings. ","contributors":["Jose Ramon Saura","Domingo Ribeiro-Soriano","Daniel Palacios-Marqués"],"date_events":[{"date":"2022-02-21","kind":"published_online","year":2022},{"date":"2022-10","kind":"issue_date","year":2022}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":"10.1016/j.giq.2022.101679","entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-2df2822bfc70e5","kind":"Research journal article; literature review, qualitative interviews and text analysis","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Jose Ramon Saura","person_id":"person-coverage-ee12af788bf8a2","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Domingo Ribeiro-Soriano","person_id":"person-coverage-3902cb1f592fc9","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Daniel Palacios-Marqués","person_id":"person-coverage-0173e2b7a91437","role":"author"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2022.101679","https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0740624X22000120","https://riunet.upv.es/server/api/core/bitstreams/642fc4f2-d437-4da3-8783-e900fc81f11c/content","https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/j.giq.2022.101679"],"title":"Assessing behavioral data science privacy issues in government artificial intelligence deployment","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2022.101679","year":"2022-02-21"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Compares AI-safety governance in China, South Korea, Singapore and the United Kingdom across autonomous vehicles, education and cross-border data flows. It identifies ethical, regulatory and technical interoperability gaps and recommends coordination, shared standards and context-sensitive governance.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Policy report. Claims retain the source’s scope and study design; proposals, scenarios and observational associations are not established causal findings. ","contributors":["Yik Chan Chin","David A. Raho","Hag-Min Kim","Chunli Bi","James Ong","Jingbo Huang","Serge Stinckwich"],"date_events":[{"date":"2025","kind":"report_year","year":2025},{"date":"2026-01-06","kind":"arxiv_v1_submitted","year":2026}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":null,"entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-35c954ab846b07","kind":"Policy report","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Yik Chan Chin","person_id":"person-coverage-cd64fb7bc34f76","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"David A. Raho","person_id":"person-coverage-301946c010c751","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Hag-Min Kim","person_id":"person-coverage-defb7ceb0aa157","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Chunli Bi","person_id":"person-coverage-aceaa125508e20","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"James Ong","person_id":"person-coverage-56b5d845ae92f9","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Jingbo Huang","person_id":"person-coverage-8b56ef47cdfa29","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Serge Stinckwich","person_id":"person-coverage-c577fca89a7f55","role":"author"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://unu.edu/macau/news/new-policy-report-interoperability-ai-safety-governance-ethics-regulations-and-standards","https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/4096409?ln=fr","https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/4096409/files/Interoperability_in_AI_Safety_Governance.pdf","https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.06153"],"title":"Interoperability in AI Safety Governance: Ethics, Regulations, and Standards","url":"https://unu.edu/macau/news/new-policy-report-interoperability-ai-safety-governance-ethics-regulations-and-standards","year":"2025"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Uses system-dynamics modelling to explore alternative trajectories for AI-related electricity demand and infrastructure through 2035. It stresses feedbacks, policy choices and possible local energy shortages; scenarios are exploratory tools rather than predictions.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Corporate research report; system-dynamics scenarios. Claims retain the source’s scope and study design; proposals, scenarios and observational associations are not established causal findings. Full report PDF was not retrieved in this pass; summary and genre are based on the official report page and issuer announcement. No article DOI or journal manifestation matching the supplied citation was verified.","contributors":["Rémi Paccou","Fons Wijnhoven"],"date_events":[{"date":"2024-12-02","kind":"publisher_page_date","year":2024}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":null,"entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-856216fac10f2b","kind":"Corporate research report; system-dynamics scenarios","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Rémi Paccou","person_id":"person-coverage-616566a5e9cfbb","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Fons Wijnhoven","person_id":"person-coverage-a4253deceb78de","role":"author"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://www.se.com/ww/en/insights/sustainability/sustainability-research-institute/artificial-intelligence-electricity-system-dynamics-approach/","https://research.utwente.nl/en/publications/artificial-intelligence-and-electricity-a-system-dynamics-approac/","https://live.euronext.com/sites/default/files/company_press_releases/attachments/2024/12/05/cpr01_hugin_Schneider%20Electric%E2%80%99s%20new%20research%20forecasts%20AI%E2%80%99s%20impact%20on%20energy%20consumption.pdf"],"title":"Artificial Intelligence and Electricity: A System Dynamics Approach","url":"https://www.se.com/ww/en/insights/sustainability/sustainability-research-institute/artificial-intelligence-electricity-system-dynamics-approach/","year":"2024-12-02"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Introduces a special issue on the prospective influence of AI on decisions to initiate force. It distinguishes automated self-defence from AI-enabled decision support, outlines risks and benefits, and argues that military competition will encourage adoption.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Journal article; special-issue introduction. Claims retain the source’s scope and study design; proposals, scenarios and observational associations are not established causal findings. ","contributors":["Toni Erskine","Steven E. Miller"],"date_events":[{"date":"2024-05-31","kind":"published_online","year":2024},{"date":"2024-03-03","kind":"registry_print_date","year":2024}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":"10.1080/10357718.2024.2349598","entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-df92df418ed6d9","kind":"Journal article; special-issue introduction","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Toni Erskine","person_id":"person-coverage-68bd1c2b4b2af1","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Steven E. Miller","person_id":"person-coverage-056f6d64002699","role":"author"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://doi.org/10.1080/10357718.2024.2349598","https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10357718.2024.2349598","https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1080/10357718.2024.2349598","https://researchportalplus.anu.edu.au/en/publications/ai-and-the-decision-to-go-to-war-future-risks-and-opportunities/"],"title":"AI and the decision to go to war: Future risks and opportunities","url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10357718.2024.2349598","year":"2024-05-31"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Develops a cross-disciplinary framework defining human oversight roles, architectures and processes for AI systems, with a documentation template and open research questions. It is a conceptual preprint, not an empirical demonstration that oversight prevents harm.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Cross-disciplinary conceptual framework / preprint. Claims retain the source’s scope and study design; proposals, scenarios and observational associations are not established causal findings. ","contributors":["Susanne Gaube","Markus Langer","Tim Miller","Kevin Baum","Raimund Dachselt","Anna Maria Feit","Ujwal Gadiraju","Harmanpreet Kaur","Mark T. Keane","Richard Landers","Johann Laux","Q. Vera Liao","Brian Lim","Linda Onnasch","Tim Schrills","Liz Sonenberg","Chenhao Tan","Nava Tintarev","Ziang Xiao","Hanwei Zhang"],"date_events":[{"date":"2026-04-09","kind":"first_submitted","year":2026},{"date":"2026-05","kind":"repository_available","year":2026}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2605.16278","entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-39f4e36f3af640","kind":"Cross-disciplinary conceptual framework / preprint","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Susanne Gaube","person_id":"person-coverage-a8e0b5e671152e","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Markus Langer","person_id":"person-coverage-ad46518fceff5a","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Tim Miller","person_id":"person-coverage-c47188ddd35b36","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Kevin Baum","person_id":"person-coverage-7b2cb8f5a0295d","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Raimund Dachselt","person_id":"person-coverage-10bae422c13f0e","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Anna Maria Feit","person_id":"person-coverage-532f375c935561","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Ujwal Gadiraju","person_id":"person-coverage-8f9e00beaa6ad2","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Harmanpreet Kaur","person_id":"person-coverage-f821037a9e0197","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Mark T. Keane","person_id":"person-coverage-0f30502f6455d6","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Richard Landers","person_id":"person-coverage-2318e38636aebc","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Johann Laux","person_id":"person-coverage-4e5075a53b5e8d","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Q. Vera Liao","person_id":"person-coverage-6e111b55517766","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Brian Lim","person_id":"person-coverage-6a7b9dac703cc1","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Linda Onnasch","person_id":"person-coverage-76d698882b4a8a","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Tim Schrills","person_id":"person-coverage-95c4b42b80994a","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Liz Sonenberg","person_id":"person-coverage-43bc1f7a7d00ea","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Chenhao Tan","person_id":"person-coverage-bbfcc6cccdd368","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Nava Tintarev","person_id":"person-coverage-a7c163f8dadc6b","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Ziang Xiao","person_id":"person-coverage-11e2c07ffca3fa","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Hanwei Zhang","person_id":"person-coverage-3bb5f02a7e4f85","role":"author"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2605.16278","https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.16278","https://api.datacite.org/dois/10.48550/arXiv.2605.16278"],"title":"Keeping an Eye on AI: A Framework for Effective Human Oversight of AI Systems","url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2605.16278","year":"2026-04-09"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Recommends preserving the CCW draft’s human-control and lifecycle safeguards while adding prohibitions on autonomous weapons targeting people and restrictions to military objectives by nature. It urges a negotiating mandate for a legally binding instrument.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Institutional working paper / negotiating-position submission. Claims retain the source’s scope and study design; proposals, scenarios and observational associations are not established causal findings. ","contributors":["International Committee of the Red Cross"],"date_events":[{"date":"2026-08","kind":"document_date","year":2026}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":null,"entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-6b82971df32d4e","kind":"Institutional working paper / negotiating-position submission","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"organization","name":"International Committee of the Red Cross","role":"group_author"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://www.icrc.org/sites/default/files/2026-08/ICRC_working_paper_GGE_LAWS_August-2026-ICRC.pdf","https://www.icrc.org/en/article/icrc-working-paper-regulate-autonomous-weapon-systems"],"title":"Working paper submitted to the CCW Group of Governmental Experts on Emerging Technologies in the Area of Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems","url":"https://www.icrc.org/sites/default/files/2026-08/ICRC_working_paper_GGE_LAWS_August-2026-ICRC.pdf","year":"2026-08"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Uses six policy-process frameworks to examine how US policymakers might advance federal adoption of AI despite ethical, legal, institutional, workforce and infrastructure barriers. It is a literature-based policy analysis rather than an evaluation of surveillance-tool effectiveness.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Research article; literature-based policy-framework analysis. Claims retain the source’s scope and study design; proposals, scenarios and observational associations are not established causal findings. ","contributors":["Muhammad Salar Khan","Azka Shoaib","Elizabeth Arledge"],"date_events":[{"date":"2024-03","kind":"issue_date","year":2024}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":"10.1016/j.giq.2023.101908","entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-2dc5980024f828","kind":"Research article; literature-based policy-framework analysis","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Muhammad Salar Khan","person_id":"person-coverage-81e35a84de9921","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Azka Shoaib","person_id":"person-coverage-85752490bcd670","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Elizabeth Arledge","person_id":"person-coverage-9fe0b15414c9dc","role":"author"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2023.101908","https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/j.giq.2023.101908","https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4419284"],"title":"How to promote AI in the US federal government: Insights from policy process frameworks","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2023.101908","year":"2024-03"},{"aliases":["Digitally Mediated Reality and Vulnerabilities in Decision-Making"],"claim":"Develops a conceptual model of how AI decision support and immersive VR/XR environments can shape military judgment through perception, cognition and trust. It discusses automation bias, cognitive overload and offloading, and calls for empirical testing of the proposed relationships.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Theoretical / conceptual journal article. Claims retain the source’s scope and study design; proposals, scenarios and observational associations are not established causal findings. ","contributors":["Annamária Porkoláb-Minarik"],"date_events":[{"date":"2026","kind":"issue_date","year":2026},{"date":"2026-09-14","kind":"published_online","year":2026}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":"10.32563/hsz.2026.ksz.9","entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-593a387c090d6b","kind":"Theoretical / conceptual journal article","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Annamária Porkoláb-Minarik","person_id":"person-coverage-7345544195c08e","role":"author"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://doi.org/10.32563/hsz.2026.ksz.9","https://folyoirat.ludovika.hu/index.php/hsz/article/view/8921","https://folyoirat.ludovika.hu/index.php/hsz/article/download/8921/6951","https://api.crossref.org/works/10.32563/hsz.2026.ksz.9"],"title":"Digitálisan közvetített valóság és döntéshozatali sérülékenység","url":"https://doi.org/10.32563/hsz.2026.ksz.9","year":"2026"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Examines technology-driven security risks in Society 5.0 using a literature-based analysis, expert interviews and forecasting focused on Switzerland. It proposes “Smart Sovereignty” as a framework for strengthening individuals’ control relative to governments and technology companies.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Doctoral thesis (PhD in Management). Claims retain the source’s scope and study design; proposals, scenarios and observational associations are not established causal findings. ","contributors":["Mohammad Aldabbas"],"date_events":[{"date":"2023","kind":"dissertation_publication_year","year":2023}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":"10.51363/unifr.eth.2023.008","entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-ebf70d02e72358","kind":"Doctoral thesis (PhD in Management)","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Mohammad Aldabbas","person_id":"person-coverage-79d20497c3ec38","role":"author"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://doi.org/10.51363/unifr.eth.2023.008","https://sonar.ch/unifr/documents/323740","https://folia.unifr.ch/documents/323740/files/AldabbasM.pdf","https://api.crossref.org/works/10.51363/unifr.eth.2023.008","https://infonomics-society.org/wp-content/uploads/Smart-Sovereignty-The-Security-Shield-for-Smart-Society-5-0.pdf"],"title":"Smart sovereignty and the security of society 5.0: An explorative study on the challenges under the technological revolution, with forecasting the future","url":"https://doi.org/10.51363/unifr.eth.2023.008","year":"2023"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Assesses AI’s development implications and advocates adopting and adapting tools to local needs while building infrastructure, skills and institutions. It also examines concentrated market power, cross-country dependency and risks of propaganda and surveillance.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Flagship institutional report / book. Claims retain the source’s scope and study design; proposals, scenarios and observational associations are not established causal findings. Summary is grounded in official report synopsis, chapter summaries and launch statement; full book was not retrieved in this pass.","contributors":["World Bank"],"date_events":[{"date":"2026-08-04","kind":"published_online","year":2026},{"date":"2026-08-04","kind":"publisher_launch","year":2026},{"date":"2026-08-04","kind":"official_document_date","year":2026},{"date":"2026-09-04","kind":"repository_disclosure_date","year":2026}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":"10.1596/978-1-4648-2331-2","entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-c983e27c143fcf","kind":"Flagship institutional report / book","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"organization","name":"World Bank","role":"group_author"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-2331-2","https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/wdr2026","https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2026/08/04/ai-offers-lifeline-to-developing-economies-in-an-era-of-weak-growth","https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/099090426145520570","https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1596/978-1-4648-2331-2"],"title":"World Development Report 2026: The Promise of Artificial Intelligence","url":"https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-2331-2","year":"2026-08-04"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Argues that durable AI-related national power depends on compute, semiconductor supply, energy, skilled people, institutions and public trust. The commentary discusses infrastructure concentration and international interdependence, presenting policy proposals and forecasts rather than tested causal findings.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Author-published newsletter / strategic commentary. 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The summary is bounded to the verified institutional abstract, not an independent reproduction of experiments.","contributors":["Wenqi Wei","Ka-Ho Chow","Yanzhao Wu","Ling Liu"],"date_events":[{"date":"2024","kind":"publication_year","year":2024}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":"10.1109/TSC.2023.3341951","entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-6840ded299a7c6","kind":"Research article; formal and empirical federated-learning security analysis","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Wenqi Wei","person_id":"person-coverage-cf8f0ff431ad32","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Ka-Ho Chow","person_id":"person-coverage-c6b25368748707","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Yanzhao Wu","person_id":"person-coverage-4981ae2a5d497d","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Ling Liu","person_id":"person-coverage-3d392cccc48aa1","role":"author"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. 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","contributors":["Mirko Casu","Luca Guarnera","Pasquale Caponnetto","Sebastiano Battiato"],"date_events":[{"date":"2024-06-19","kind":"published_online","year":2024},{"date":"2024-09","kind":"issue_date","year":2024},{"date":"2023-12-24","kind":"arxiv_v1","year":2023},{"date":"2024-06-16","kind":"arxiv_v2","year":2024}],"date_note":"Typed source dates retain online, issue, preprint, manuscript, seminar and reprint contexts; repository indexing and inspection are not publication dates.","dated":true,"doi":"10.1016/j.fsidi.2024.301795","entity_type":"source_work","family_ids":[],"id":"work-focused-075b98c7e2028e","kind":"Journal article; conceptual and narrative review of cognitive biases and deepfake detection","lens":"technical","lens_tags":["technical"],"role_credits":[{"entity_type":"person","name":"Mirko Casu","person_id":"person-coverage-f7c740f779b273","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Luca Guarnera","person_id":"person-coverage-168de905ae9486","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Pasquale Caponnetto","person_id":"person-coverage-c692cabd8ad6da","role":"author"},{"entity_type":"person","name":"Sebastiano Battiato","person_id":"person-coverage-cd733ca5f47a78","role":"author"}],"source_access_basis":"Bibliographic and bounded-summary verification in named Library packets; full-text access limits retained. No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsidi.2024.301795","https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666281724001197","https://mirkocasu.github.io/assets/pdf/1-s2.0-S2666281724001197-main.pdf","https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/j.fsidi.2024.301795","https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.16220"],"title":"GenAI mirage: The impostor bias and the deepfake detection challenge in the era of artificial illusions","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsidi.2024.301795","year":"2024-06-19"},{"aliases":[],"claim":"Surveys LLM-enabled UAV architectures for perception, planning, control and coordination. It separates reasoning latency from flight-control timing and evaluates deployment, safety, connectivity and privacy challenges, recommending independent safety controls and better validation evidence.","claim_boundary":"Source-scoped Journal article; structured, topic-driven literature survey. 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No citation-impact audit.","source_urls":["https://www.kimchang.com/en/insights/detail.kc?idx=28909&sch_section=4"],"title":"Government’s Key Semiconductor Industry Policies for 2024","url":"https://www.kimchang.com/en/insights/detail.kc?idx=28909&sch_section=4","year":"2024-01-31"}]},"scientific_connections":[],"supply_chain":{"resources":[{"entity_type":"resource_category","id":"assembly_equipment","label":"assembly equipment"},{"entity_type":"resource_category","id":"chip_design","label":"chip design"},{"entity_type":"resource_category","id":"compute_hardware","label":"compute hardware"},{"entity_type":"resource_category","id":"cooling","label":"cooling"},{"entity_type":"resource_category","id":"data_center_capacity","label":"data center capacity"},{"entity_type":"resource_category","id":"design_compute","label":"design compute"},{"entity_type":"resource_category","id":"electrical_thermal_components","label":"electrical thermal 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